Condensation of Acetone to Diacetone Alcohol over Structured MgO/Al2O3-Al Catalyst Packing

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3050-3053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hai Du ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Lin Ping Sun ◽  
Xiang Chun Meng
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Diacetone Alcohol ◽  
Purity Aluminium ◽  
High Purity Aluminium

A novel solid base catalyst, structured MgO/Al2O3-Al catalyst packing, was prepared by supporting MgO onto a thin film of alumina that was formed by anodic oxidation of high purity aluminium foils. Some preparation parameters including the molar ratio of Mg(NO3)2•6H2O to CH3(CH2)16COOH, the aging time, the calcination temperature and time were investigated by using the catalyst for the condensation of acetone to diacetone alcohol. Each of those factors had some influence on the catalyst activity and an optimum value was obtained. The conversion of acetone was 20.2%, and the selectivity to diacetone alcohol was 100% under the optimized preparation conditions.

Biodiesel Preparation with Solid Base Catalyst under Ultrasonic Assistant

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Ai Ping Shi ◽  
Jing Ming Zhu ◽  
Qian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

In order to reduce the production cost of biodiesel, the transesterification process under ultrasound-assisted condition is studyed in this paper by using heterogeneous solid base catalyst NaAlO3/Al2O3 instead of the traditional homogeneous catalyst. Through one-factor experimentation, ultrasonic frequency, oil-alcohol molar ratio, catalyst amount and reaction time on the yield of biodiesel are examined. Transesterification conditions are optimized through orthogonal experiment and the effect order of four factors is as follows: ultrasonic frequency >molar ratio of methanol to oil > reaction time > the amount of catalyst. Results show that the amount of catalyst and reaction time are reduced under ultrasound-assisted condition, and the optimum preparation conditions are: 20min of reaction time, 28KHz of the ultrasonic frequency, molar ratio of methanol to oil 9:1 and 2% catalyst. Under above conditions, the yield of biodiesel reaches 95.21%.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Cs–Pollucite Nanozeolite Modified with Novel Organosilane as an Excellent Solid Base Catalyst for Claisen–Schmidt Condensation of Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleid Ghadah Mohammad S. ◽  
Fitri Khoerunnisa ◽  
Severinne Rigolet ◽  
T. Jean Daou ◽  
Tau-Chuan Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Consecutive Reaction ◽  
Surface Basicity

Cs–pollucite can be a potential solid base catalyst due to the presence of (Si-O-Al)−Cs+ basic sites. However, it severely suffers from molecular diffusion and pore accessibility problems due to its small micropore opening. Herein, we report the use of new organosilane, viz. dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (TPOAC), as a promising pore-expanding agent to develop the hierarchical structure in nanosized Cs–pollucite. In respect to this, four different amounts of TPOAC were added during the synthesis of hierarchical Cs–pollucite (CP-x, x = 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 2.0, where x is the molar ratio of TPOAC) in order to investigate the effects of TPOAC in the crystallization process of Cs–pollucite. The results show that an addition of TPOAC altered the physico-chemical and morphological properties of hierarchical Cs–pollucite, such as the crystallinity, crystallite size, pore size distribution, surface areas, pore volume, and surface basicity. The prepared solids were also tested in Claisen–Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone, where 82.2% of the conversion and 100% selectivity to chalcone were achieved by the CP-2.0 catalyst using non-microwave instant heating (200 °C, 100 min). The hierarchical CP-2.0 nanocatalyst also showed better catalytic performance than other homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts and displayed a high catalyst reusability with no significant deterioration in the catalytic performance even after five consecutive reaction runs.

Influence of Preparation Conditions of the Solid Base Catalyst on the Performance of Synthesizing Polyglycerol

2012 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Jia Wei Qu ◽  
Min Wei Wang ◽  
Ren Lang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalyst Preparation ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Polymerization Degree ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Type

Different solid base catalysts used for the polymerization of glycerol were prepared by impregnation. Catalyst type and the preparation conditions were optimized on the base of polymerization degree. Results showed: the best catalyst was KF/Al2O3, and optimal condition for catalyst preparation was as follows: loading of 40% KF, calcinations temperature 600°C. The polymerization degree of 5.92 was obtained under the following reaction condition: the amount of catalyst 11.62,reaction temperature 250°C, reaction time 4 h.

scholarly journals CALCIUM OXIDE AS A SOLID BASE CATALYST FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRA CATFISH FAT

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Thanh Le ◽  
Tien Van Huynh ◽  
Tan Minh Phan ◽  
Hoa Thi Viet Tran
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Solid

In our work, biodiesel was prepared from Tra fat by methanolysis reaction using activated calcium oxide as solid base catalyst. Effects of various process parameters on biodiesel production such as molar ratio of methanol to fat, catalyst concentration, temperature and time of reaction and the active mechanism of CaO catalyst for the transesterification reaction were investigated. The results show that CaO has strong basicity and high catalytic activity as a heterogeneous solid base catalyst and the transesterification reaction takes place on basic sites of calcium diglyceroxide formed due to the reaction between Cao and the by-produced glycerol. The biodiesel yield achieves 92.95 % at 60°C, 90 minutes, 8:1 molar ratio of fat to methanol, and 6 % CaO catalyst. Important fuel properties of the produced biodiesel meet the specifications of ASTM D 6751 biodiesel standard.

Surface Crystalline Phase and Basicity of MgO/ZrO2-La2O3-y Solid Base Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
Yu Su ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Jin Sheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tetragonal Phase ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Basicity ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Temperature Programmed

MgO/ZrO2-La2O3-y solid base catalyst was prepared by precipitation immersion process. Raman spectroscope and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to determinate the surface phase and bulk phase of solid base catalyst. Temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD) was employed to study the surface basicity of the catalyst. The results reveal that Mg2+ ion plays a key role in the stabilization of tetragonal phase ZrO2 not only in the bulk but also on the surface of catalyst when the Mg/Zr molar ratio is 0.4. The doping of La2O3 has the role of improving the dispersion of the active component MgO on ZrO2 surface, consequently resulting in the improvement of the catalytic activity of the catalyst rather than stabilizing tetragonal phase ZrO2.

Experiment Study on Biodiesel Produced from Soybean Oil by Solid Base Catalysts

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 641-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xian Ma ◽  
Jing Xia Li
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Ester Exchange ◽  
Ester Exchange Reaction

In this paper, biodiesel is successfully produced by the ester exchange reaction with solid base catalyst of K2O/Ti-HMS based on soybean oil as raw materials. The result of which shows that K2O/Ti-HMS has good ester exchange activity as solid base catalyst and the catalyst easily is separated from products. By single factor experiment, the influence of K2O load, molar ratio of methanol and oil and catalyst dosage on the biodiesel conversion rate is researched and the optimal relationship between the above parameters is obtained.

Application of Calcium Methoxide as Solid Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichaonn Chumuang ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil

In this study, the biodiesel production of waste cooking oil using calcium methoxide as solid base catalyst was investigated. The calcium methoxide catalyst was synthesized from calcined quick lime reacted with methanol. The XRD result showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized with sufficient purity. The strength of catalyst was examined on the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil and methanol. Parameters affecting on transesterification such as the catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil-molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of fatty acid methyl ester conversion of 99.06%. The optimum conditions were achieved within 3 h using 3wt% catalyst concentration, 12:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 65°C reaction temperature. In addition, the kinetic study of transesterification reaction was carried out at the temperature from 30°C to 65°C. The pseudo-first order was good agreement with the experiment results. The reaction rate constant (k) and activated energy (Ea) were determined as 0.023 min-1 and 55.77 kJ/mol, respectively.

scholarly journals Calcium Oxide from Limestone as Solid Base Catalyst in Transesterification of Reutealis trisperma Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suprapto Suprapto ◽  
Tikha Reskiani Fauziah ◽  
Meiske S Sangi ◽  
Titie Prapti Oetami ◽  
Imroatul Qoniah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ester Yield

CaO catalysts were synthesized from limestone by thermal decomposition and coprecipitation methods. The CaO and MgO reference catalysts were also synthesized for comparison. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the analysis result was refined by Rietica software. CaO catalyst obtained by coprecipitation method has higher purity of CaO and lower MgO content than those of calcined CaO. The catalysts were also characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR spectra showed that the catalysts can be easily hydrated and carbonated in air. The catalytic activity of the catalyst was studied in transesterification reaction of Reutealis trisperma (Kemiri Sunan) oil with methanol. Transesterification reaction was carried out at oil to methanol molar ratio 1:1 and 1% of catalyst at 60 °C for 2 h. Catalytic activity of CaO catalyst obtained by coprecipitation was higher than calcined CaO. The methyl ester yield obtained from synthesized CaO, CaO from coprecipitation, calcined CaO, and synthesized MgO catalysts were 56.13; 37.74; 15.97; and 3.61%, respectively.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and Dimethyl Carbonate Catalyzed by Solid Base Catalyst Derived from Waste Carbide Slag

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jianye Wang ◽  
Zhu Wang ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Yifeng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Carbide Slag ◽  
Calcination Method

Na2CO3 was loaded onto waste carbide slag (CS) by impregnation-calcination method to prepare the solid base catalyst, which was used to synthesize glycerol carbonate (GC) by the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The prepared catalysts were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET) techniques. The catalyst 15 wt.% Na2CO3-CS-800, which was prepared by impregnating CS to the Na2CO3 solution with the concentration of 15 wt.% weight of CS and calcined at 800°C for 3 hours, showed an excellent catalytic ability. When it was applied in the catalytic synthesis of GC, 98.1% glycerol conversion and 96.0% GC yield were achieved in 90 mins at 75°C with the catalyst dosage of 3 wt.% to total reactants and the DMC to glycerol molar ratio of 5. More importantly, the loading of Na2CO3 can effectively improve the reusability of catalyst. The 15 wt.% Na2CO3-CS-800 can still achieve 83.6% glycerol conversion and 80.5% GC yield after five-time reuse. Meanwhile, under the same reaction conditions, the CS-800, which was obtained by calcining CS at 800°C for 3 hours, experienced significant activity reduction with only 15.2% glycerol conversion and 14.1% GC yield after five-time reuse. FTIR and XRD characterization revealed that CO32- might play a key role in preserving active catalytic CaO component by forming protective CaCO3 shell on the catalyst surface.

scholarly journals Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil using Calcium Loaded on Deoiled Spent Bleaching Clay as A Solid Base Catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Zainol Abidin ◽  
Gaanty Pragas Maniam ◽  
Mohd. Hasbi Ab. Rahim
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bleaching Clay ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Spent Bleaching Clay

Waste cooking oil has a high potential as a raw material in biodiesel production due to its abundant availability and cheapest among other feedstock. Hence transesterification reaction is carried out using waste cooking oil in this research. The objective of this study is to synthesize and characterize the catalyst. On the other hand, deoiled spent bleaching clay impregnated with 40% CaO utilized as a catalyst. Optimization was carried out on methanol to oil molar ratio (6:1-24:1), catalyst loading (3-10 wt.%) and reaction duration (2-10 h). The catalyst of deoiled spent bleaching clay doped with 40% CaO was prepared by wet impregnation method and calcined at 500 °C for 4 hours. The catalyst shows high activity under optimum condition of 5 hours of reaction time, 12:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio with 7 wt.% of catalyst. The transesterification yields 84.7% methyl ester. Therefore, this catalyst has potential to be used in the transesterification of waste cooking oil in producing biodiesel due to its high activity. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved <br /><p><em>Received: 21<sup>st</sup> January 2016; Revised: 3<sup>rd</sup> March 2016; Accepted: 6<sup>th</sup> March 2016</em></p><p><strong>How to Cite:</strong> Abidin, R.Z., Maniam G.P., Rahim, M.H.A. (2016). Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil using Calcium Loaded on Deoiled Spent Bleaching Clay as A Solid Base Catalyst. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis</em>, 11 (2): 176-181 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.2.548.176-181)</p><p><strong>Permalink/DOI:</strong> http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.548.176-181</p>

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