Effect of Somatic Cell Count on Low-Fat Mozzarella Cheese Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Hui Ping Liu ◽  
Feng Ru Wei ◽  
Yong Hua Wei ◽  
Jin Dong ◽  
Chun Ling Cao
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Mozzarella Cheese ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Cell Counts

Milk samples with low (L-SCC, 130,000/ml), medium (M-SCC, 1,040,000/ml) and high(H-SCC, 3,120,000/ml) Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) were obtained from a dairy farm. In order to evaluate the quality’s changes of Low-fat mozzarella cheese with different SCC during ripening period, the change of texture properties, microstructure were measured. With the increase of somatic cells in milk, the structure of the cheese became worse.

scholarly journals The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tvarožková ◽  
Vašíček ◽  
Uhrinčať ◽  
Mačuhová ◽  
Hleba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Milk Samples

Mastitis is a major health problem of the udder in dairy sheep breeds. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used. The presence of pathogens in the udder causes the increase of leukocytes and thus SCC in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogens in the milk of ewes and the possible relationship with SCC. The changes of leukocytes subpopulation in milk samples with high SCC were evaluated as well. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm with the Lacaune breed. This study was conducted on 45 ewes (98 milk samples) without signs of clinical mastitis. Based on somatic cell count, samples were divided to five SCC groups: SCC1 &lt; 200 000 cells/ml (45 milk samples); 200 000 ≤ SCC2 &lt; 400 000 cells/ml (10 milk samples); 400 000 ≤ SCC3 &lt; 600 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); 600 000 ≤ SCC4 &lt; 1 000 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); SCC5 ≥ 1 000 000 cells/ml (31 milk samples). No pathogens were observed in the majority of milk samples (60.20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most commonly isolated pathogens from the milk of ewes (86.11%). Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence from CNS (35.48%). In the SCC5 group, up to 79.31% of bacteriological samples were positive. The percentage of leukocytes significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) in the samples with higher SCC (≥ 200 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/ml) in comparison to the group SCC1. Also, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was significantly higher with increasing SCC (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the presented results showed that the high SCC was caused by the presence of the pathogen in milk. Thus SCC &lt; 200 000 cells/ml and leukocyte subpopulation, especially PMNs, could be considered as important tools in udder health programs applied in dairy ewes.

Effects of season, milking routine and cow cleanliness on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Zucali ◽  
Luciana Bava ◽  
Alberto Tamburini ◽  
Milena Brasca ◽  
Laura Vanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of season, cow cleanliness and milking routine on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk. A total of 22 dairy farms in Lombardy (Italy) were visited three times in a year in different seasons. During each visit, samples of bulk tank milk were taken for bacterial and somatic cell counts; swabs from the teat surface of a group of cows were collected after teat cleaning and before milking. Cow cleanliness was assessed by scoring udder, flanks and legs of all milking cows using a 4-point scale system. Season affected cow cleanliness with a significantly higher percentage of non-clean (NC) cows during Cold compared with Mild season. Standard plate count (SPC), laboratory pasteurization count (LPC), coliform count (CC) and somatic cell count, expressed as linear score (LS), in milk significantly increased in Hot compared with Cold season. Coagulase-positive staphylococci on teat swabs showed higher counts in Cold season in comparison with the other ones. The effect of cow cleanliness was significant for SPC, psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC), CC and Escherichia coli in bulk tank milk. Somatic cell count showed a relationship with udder hygiene score. Milking operation routine strongly affected bacterial counts and LS of bulk tank milk: farms that accomplished a comprehensive milking scheme including two or more operations among forestripping, pre-dipping and post-dipping had lower teat contamination and lower milk SPC, PBC, LPC, CC and LS than farms that did not carry out any operation.

scholarly journals Prediction of total quarter milk somatic cell counts based on foremilk sampling

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Wellnitz ◽  
Marcus G Doherr ◽  
Marta Woloszyn ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Cell Counts

Determination of somatic cell count (SCC) is used worldwide in dairy practice to describe the hygienic status of the milk and the udder health of cows. When SCC is tested on a quarter level to detect single quarters with high SCC levels of cows for practical reasons, mostly foremilk samples after prestimulation (i.e. cleaning of the udder) are used. However, SCC is usually different in different milk fractions. Therefore, the goal of this study was the investigation of the use of foremilk samples for the estimation of total quarter SCC. A total of 378 milkings in 19 dairy cows were performed with a special milking device to drain quarter milk separately. Foremilk samples were taken after udder stimulation and before cluster attachment. SCC was measured in foremilk samples and in total quarter milk. Total quarter milk SCC could not be predicted precisely from foremilk SCC measurements. At relatively high foremilk SCC levels (>300×103 cells/ml) foremilk SCC were higher than total quarter milk. At around (50–300)×103 cells/ml foremilk and total quarter SCC did not differ considerably. Most interestingly, if foremilk SCC was lower than 50×103 cells/ml the total quarter SCC was higher than foremilk SCC. In addition, individual cows showed dramatic variations in foremilk SCC that were not very well related to total quarter milk SCC. In conclusion, foremilk samples are useful to detect high quarter milk SCC to recognize possibly infected quarters, only if precise cell counts are not required. However, foremilk samples can be deceptive if very low cell numbers are to be detected.

Electronic Somatic Cell Count—Chemical Method, DMSCC, and WMT Tests for Raw Milk

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 854-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. THOMPSON ◽  
V. S. PACKARD ◽  
R. E. GINN
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

The Direct Miscroscopic Somatic Cell Count — field method (DMSCC), Wisconsin Mastitis Test (WMT), and Electronic Somatic Cell Count (ESCC) were studied to determine variability and relationship to each other. The coefficients of variation computed at a DMSCC count near one million were 15.6% (DMSCC), 6.3% (WMT), and 4.2% (ESCC). Linear regression equations were determined for predicting DMSCC results by WMT and ESCC. The approximate width of the 95% confidence intervals for ESCC predicting DMSCC were ± 275,000 and for WMT predicting DMSCC were ± 600,000. The prediction of square root and log transformations of DMSCC by WMT exhibited narrower confidence intervals for low somatic cell counts, but wider intervals for high counts (greater than 1,000,000).

scholarly journals Ontario Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Count Reduction Program. 2. Dynamics of Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Counts

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3359-3366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ynte H. Schukken ◽  
K.E. Leslie ◽  
A.J. Weersink ◽  
S.W. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Reduction Program

scholarly journals Connection of somatic cell count and milk yield as well as composition in dairy ewes

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
J. Olechnowicz ◽  
Z. Sobek ◽  
J. M. Jaśkowski ◽  
P. Antosik ◽  
D. Bukowska
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) on milk yield and composition using a threshold value of 250 ∙103 cells/ml in dairy ewes of line 05. A total of 1 512 milk samples from udder halves were collected throughout milking periods at monthly intervals. In the present study milk composition (from halves of the udder) and daily milk yield (from udders) was examined in terms of SCC in ewe milk in three groups: from both halves of the udder below 250 ∙103 cells/ml, from one halves of the udder below 250 ∙103 cells/ml and from second half udder above 250 ∙103 cells/ml and from both halves of the udder above 250 ∙103 cells/ml. Milk yield from udders, somatic cell count in milk samples from udder halves and milk composition depended on the level of SCC recorded for halves of the udder. Somatic cell counts in milk from one or both halves of udders exceeding 250 ∙103 cells/ ml resulted in a statistically significant (P<0.01) decrease in daily milk production of ewes, by approx. 15.89 and 30.22 %, respectively. The analysis of variance showed also a significant effect of parity and stage of lactation of ewes on somatic cell count (log SCC) and milk composition from udder halves below 250 ∙103 cells/ml.

scholarly journals Effect of somatic cell counts occurred in milk on quality of Slovak traditional cheese – Parenica

10.5219/1099 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viera Ducková ◽  
Margita Čanigová ◽  
Peter Zajác ◽  
Zuzana Remeňová ◽  
Miroslav Kročko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts

The aim of this work was to compare somatic cell count in milk used for making steamed cheese Parenica in Slovak industrial dairies and small farm dairies and to find out whether somatic cell counts in milk affect the dry matter content of Parenica cheese. The samples of raw milk were taken from 3 industrial dairies (A, B, C) and from 3 farm dairies (E, F, G), produced traditional Slovak cheese Parenica in period from January untill December 2018. The somatic cell count in milk was determined by FossomaticTM 5000 (Foss, Denmark) and dry matter of cheese by oven drying method to constant weight. There were no statistically significant differences (p >0.05) for somatic cell counts in milk processed in industrial and farm dairies. Lower somatic cell counts were determined in milk amples from industrial dairies (mean value 326.55 thousand in 1 mL) in comparison to milk samples from farm dairies (mean value 507.67 thousand in 1 mL). Statistically lower dry matter content (p <0.01) in the samples of Parenica cheese was found out in farm dairy E in comparison to other dairies. The relationship between somatic cell count in milk and dry matter in cheese was confirmed by the relatively low correlation coefficients in dairies, A = 0.22; C = 0.15 and F = -0.12 and higher correlation coefficients in dairies, B = -0.32; D = 0.45 and E = -0.48. Obtaining a more accurate effect of somatic cell count on cheese quality requires the continuation of the research on a larger number of samples and consideration of other factors.

Comparison of the Automated with the Semi-Automatic Coulter Counter Method and the Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (DMSCC) on Raw Milk Samples1

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. GINN ◽  
V. S. PACKARD ◽  
D. R. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counter ◽  
Electronic Cell Counter

The automatic Milk Cell Counter (MCC) and semi-automatic electronic cell counter (ESCC) of Coulter Electronics were compared with each other and with the direct microscopic cell count (DMSCC) on raw milk samples with various cell counts. The average DMSCC count on 241 samples of milk with Wisconsin Mastitis Test (WMT) results of 22 mm and higher was 55,000 cells/ml above the average MCC count when calibrated to a 4.4-μm minimum particle diameter. This difference is statistically significant at the 1% level. On 24 different raw milk samples of widely varying somatic cell count analyzed in replicate six times per sample, the standard deviations for replicate samples were 34,300, 34,900 and 136,000 for the MCC, ESCC and DMSCC, respectively. For these tests, the MCC had been calibrated to a 4.3-μm minimum particle diameter. The average difference between counts by the MCC and ESCC methods was only 6080/ml, but this was statistically significant at the 5% level. The average MCC count with the equipment set at 4.3-μm minimum particle diameter was 58,000 above the average DMSCC count.

A PROCEDURE TO MINIMIZE DIFFERENCES IN EXPECTED COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION IN THE DIRECT MICROSCOPIC SOMATIC CELL COUNT

1969 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 477-479
Author(s):  
W. D. Schultze ◽  
J. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Constant Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Number Of Cells

The Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (DMSCC), developed to meet the need for a closely standardized reference method in an abnormal milk control program, requires the use of a specified single-band eyepiece reticle chosen to yield optimum precision for cell counts in the region of the Control limit. We have adapted the techniques of the DMSCC and the statistical model for its evaluation to mastitis research, in which quarter milk samples may require precise counting over an extreme range of cell concentrations. A special reticle provides a choice of 2 band widths, and 1, 2, or 4 strips are counted. The area of milk film to be examined differs for each of 6 Concentration ranges, identified by a preliminary estimation of cell density and by the count on the first strip. Except in the lowest range, in which the number of cells counted may be as low as 0, total cells counted vary only between 400 and 800 and the expected coefficient of variation between 5.0 and 3.5%. Above the maximum concentration of 18 × 106/ml a field-strip method extends the usable range to 70 × 106/ml at a constant coefficient of variation of 5.0%.

A TRUNCATED SEQUENTIAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING SOMATIC CELL COUNT OF MILK BY THE STRIP METHOD1

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 478-481
Author(s):  
Roy E. Ginn ◽  
V. S. Packard ◽  
R. D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Sequential Procedure ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Validity Of Results ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Strip Method ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Standard Set

The Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (DMSCC) “strip” method requires the counting of four strips on two separate milk films. An evaluation of five technicians and 231 milk samples, using a truncated sequential procedure for making cell counts, indicated the potential for significantly reducing the number of strips counted, with little loss in validity of results. For conditions observed in this market, counting of cells could be terminated after the first strip in 85% of the instances with a somatic cell standard set at 1.5 million or higher. Four strips would have to be counted in only 4% of the samples. With the standard set at 1 million or higher, these market conditions would permit one-strip counting 68% of the time, and would necessitate four-strip counting in only 20% of the samples.

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