Modern Architecture in the 21st Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Niroumand ◽  
M.F.M. Zain ◽  
Maslina Jamil
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
World War ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Current Century ◽  
Second World

This paper presents the modern architecture in the current century. Modern architecture is a new architectural style that emerged in many countries in the decade after World War I. It was based on the “rational” use of modern materials, the principles of functionalist planning, and the rejection of historical precedent and ornament. Modern architecture was adopted by many influential architects and an architectural educator, gained popularity after the Second World War, and continues as a dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate buildings in the 21st century. According to this research, The Modern movement also referred to controversially as a style by some bound morality, technology and art together. Morality in that there was an aim to improve humanity's lot, notably whole scale demolition of slums to make way for clean modern housing. This paper presents the role of modernism in architecture. In this paper has been shown the influence of modernism in humanity and countries.

About guilters and winners in the Second World War

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-36
Author(s):  
L. Grishaeva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Second World

The author writes about the inadmissibility of revising the main results of the Second World War, the consequences of which are acutely felt in the 21st century. About the role of the USSR in the Victory in World War II and the desire of the West to belittle it. About attempts to lay the main blame for the outbreak of war on the USSR along with Nazi Germany. On the responsibility of Western and «small» countries for the «pacification» of the aggressor. Why is this happening, who is responsible for starting the Second World War, what are the results of the war and what are their consequences — this article is devoted to the consideration of these fundamentally important issues.

Long echo of the soviet-japanese war 1945

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-41
Author(s):  
L. Grishaeva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
Second World

The author writes about the inadmissibility of revising the main results of the Second World War, the consequences of which are really felt in the 21st century. On the role of the USSR in the Victory in World War II. About the factual non-recognition by Japan of the results of World War II. About the reasons for the lack of a peace treaty between Russia and Japan so far. On the existence of territorial contradictions between our states. On linking Japan with the problem of concluding a peace treaty with territorial claims against Russia. On opposing views on the history of the conclusion, observance and annulment of the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact of 1941. On attempts to blame the USSR for the ''unlawful'' entry into the war against Japan in 1945. Why is this happening, why Japan never attacked the USSR during the Second World War, what are the results of the war and what are their consequences, this article is devoted to the consideration of these fundamentally important issues.

scholarly journals The Devil Burns Gold There: The Heritage of Nazi Germany Crimes in Death Valley, Chojnice, Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Kobiałka
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Death Valley ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
A Site ◽  
Mass Killings ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis paper is about Death Valley – a site of mass killings orchestrated by Nazi Germany that took place on the outskirts of Chojnice during the Second World War. I begin by referring to some examples of conflict archaeology that persuasively demonstrate how what has so far been the domain of history is transforming into archaeology. I then present historical information concerning Death Valley. Following this, the paper presents the results of archaeological investigations into material traces of mass killings in Death Valley. Finally, I present an ethnography of Death Valley, scrutinizing the contemporary role of the site among local communities.

The Nonviolent Struggle for Indian Freedom, 1905-19

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
Civil Resistance ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
Moral Stance

Much of the recent surge in writing about the practice of nonviolent forms of resistance has focused on movements that occurred after the end of the Second World War, many of which have been extremely successful. Although the fact that such a method of civil resistance was developed in its modern form by Indians is acknowledged in this writing, there has not until now been an authoritative history of the role of Indians in the evolution of the phenomenon.The book argues that while nonviolence is associated above all with the towering figure of Mahatma Gandhi, 'passive resistance' was already being practiced as a form of civil protest by nationalists in British-ruled India, though there was no principled commitment to nonviolence as such. The emphasis was on efficacy, rather than the ethics of such protest. It was Gandhi, first in South Africa and then in India, who evolved a technique that he called 'satyagraha'. He envisaged this as primarily a moral stance, though it had a highly practical impact. From 1915 onwards, he sought to root his practice in terms of the concept of ahimsa, a Sanskrit term that he translated as ‘nonviolence’. His endeavors saw 'nonviolence' forged as both a new word in the English language, and as a new political concept. This book conveys in vivid detail exactly what such nonviolence entailed, and the formidable difficulties that the pioneers of such resistance encountered in the years 1905-19.

Implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Edele
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Middle Position ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Second World

This chapter turns to the present and explains the implications of the current study for the ongoing debate about the Soviet Union in the Second World War and in particular about the role of loyalty and disloyalty in the Soviet war effort. It argues that this study strengthens those who argue for a middle position: the majority of Soviet citizens were neither unquestioningly loyal to the Stalinist regime nor convinced resisters. The majority, instead, saw their interests as distinct from both the German and the Soviet regime. Nevertheless, ideology remains important if we want to understand why in the Soviet Union more resisted or collaborated than elsewhere in Europe and Asia.

scholarly journals Britishness and otherness: Representing and constructing identity in BBC’s Land Girls

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-105
Author(s):  
Bonnie White
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

This article situates Land Girls (BBC, 2009–2011) in dialogue with the Second World War and its legacy. Although the series ostensibly deals with the experience of British Land Girls during the war in a melodramatic way, Land Girls is best understood as an anxious commentary on the place of Britain and its cultural institutions following the war. The series uses national, racial and economic others in order to de-romanticise notions of a collective national identity, while simultaneously using those others to help articulate an idealised sense of Britishness for a 21st-century audience.

Memory and identity: intergenerational narratives of violence among refugees in Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Dragojević
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Second World

This article examines the role of the intergenerational memory of the Second World War (WWII) in identity formation and political mobilization. An existing explanation in the ethnic-conflict literature is that strategic political leaders play a crucial role in constructing and mobilizing ethnic identities. However, based on 114 open-ended interviews with individuals born in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia, conducted in Serbia during 2008–2011, nearly a third of the respondents make spontaneous references to WWII in their statements, usually drawing parallels between the cycle of violence in the 1990s and that in the 1940s. The question this article asks, then, is why some respondents make references to WWII spontaneously while others do not. It is argued that intergenerational narratives of past cycles of violence also constitute a process of identity formation, in addition to, or apart from, other processes of identity formation. The respondents mention WWII violence in the context of the 1990s events because they “recognize” elements, such as symbols, discourse or patterns of violence, similar to those in the intergenerational narratives and interpret them as warning signs. Hence, individuals who had previously been exposed to intergenerational narratives may be subsequently more susceptible to political mobilization efforts.

scholarly journals Italian Astronomers in the IAU: the contribution and role of Italian astronomers from the foundation to the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
V. Zanini ◽  
M. Gargano ◽  
A. Gasperini
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
World War ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Recent Project ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

AbstractEven though Italy officially joined the IAU in 1921, Italian astronomers were involved in its birth as early as 1919, when Annibale Riccò, Director of the Astrophysical Observatory of Catania, proposed to the IAU Committee to hold its first General Assembly in Rome. This contribution will analyze the role played by Italian astronomers in the development of the IAU from its foundation to the Second World War. The recent project of reordering of the astronomical historical archives in Italy permits for the first time a more in-depth study of the relations between Italian astronomers and the international scientific community.

Role of Women Psychologists during the Second World War

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Charles Kronk
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Women Psychologists ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Second World

During the Second World War psychology became recognized as having distinct services to offer. The role of male psychologists is contrasted with that of women psychologists. The initial response to the war by female psychologists is described. The specific contributions by women psychologists are examined in the following areas: research on children, child care programs, government and active duty, food problems, and the shaping of educational programs to meet the demands of the war, and work on draft boards by women psychologists.

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