How to Be an Inclusivist

Chapter 9 postulates that inclusivism is a middle position between Exclusivism and Pluralism, but current formulations suffer from limitations. First, Rahner’s version is put in Christian terms, but if it is supposed to be metatheoretic, it needs a formulation that is religiously neutral in terms of truth. Second, attempts to generate such neutrality run into the difficulty of being unable to delineate exactly what distinguishes this middle position from fully relativistic Pluralism. The solution to both problems, the chapter argues, is to adopt a broader understanding of faith, one that is not centrally cognitive, one which explains why faith is a generic virtue in any context, and one which gives a way of distinguishing Inclusivism from its alternatives. The key element of the proposal is that, if faith is not centrally cognitive, there is nothing about this attitude that makes an appeal to it a partisan one with respect to the universe of faiths.

The false dichotomy: a refutation of the Neandertal indistinguishability claim

In the debate about the demise of the Neandertal, several scholars have claimed that humanity’s nearest relatives were indistinguishable archaeologically, and thus behaviorally and cognitively, from contemporaneous Homo sapiens. They suggest that to hold otherwise is to characterize Neandertals as inferior to H. sapiens, a false dichotomy that excludes the possibility that the two human types simply differed in ways visible to natural selection, including their cognition. Support of the Neandertal indistinguishability claim requires ignoring the cranial differences between the two human types, which have implications for cognition and behavior. Further, support of the claim requires minimizing asymmetries in the quantity and degree of behavioral differences as attested by the archaeological record. The present paper reviews the evidence for cognitive and archaeological differences between the two human types in support of the excluded middle position.

ЗА ЕДНА ТЕНДЕНЦИЯ В СЛОВОРЕДА В ЧАСТНИТЕ ВЪПРОСИ В СЪВРЕМЕННИЯ БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК / ON A TENDENCY IN THE WORD ORDER OF CONTENT QUESTIONS IN CONTEMPORARY BULGARIAN

The word order in content questions in Bulgarian is largely determined by the information structure of the sentence, whereby the wh-word most commonly assumes the position immediately preceding the verb and the subject is located after the verb. In recent years the author believes to have observed a growth in the frequency of content questions in which the subject precedes the verb, as is usual in declarative sentences. If this is the case, it may be due to the waxing influence of English, where an auxiliary verb usually precedes the subject in content questions (inversion), but the main verb retains its place after the subject. A study was conducted on a provisional corpus of 138 thousand content questions beginning with an initial adverbial wh-word защо ‘why’, как ‘how’, кога ‘when’ (докога ‘until when’, откога ‘since when’) or къде ‘where’ (докъде ‘up to where’, закъде ‘due where’, накъде ‘whither’, откъде ‘whence’) extracted from original Bulgarian as well as translated texts, mostly fiction. The material shows a tangible correlation between the source language of the translated texts and the frequency of inversion in content questions: it is most common in translations from Romanian and much rarer in translations from Turkish, with the original Bulgarian texts occupying a middle position. In the translations from English, which prevail in the corpus in terms of number, the frequency of questions without inversion increases over time. This supports the hypothesis about the influence of English on Bulgarian with respect to the word order in content ques-tions. Keywords: Bulgarian, interrogative sentences, word order

Comparative analysis morphology, anatomical structure and transcriptional regulatory network of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Oryza longistaminata, O. sativa and their F1 generation

Oryza longistaminata, a perennial wild species, is widely distributed in the African continent. It has strong tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and high biomass production on poor soils. Chlorophyll biosynthesis is important for photosynthesis in rice. However, the chlorophyll biosynthesis and related gene profiles of O. longistaminata and its descendants remained unclear. Here, the F1 generation of O. sativa and O. longistaminata were obtained. Then, the comparative analysis morphology, anatomical structure, and transcriptional regulatory networks of chlorophyll biosynthesis were detected and analyzed. Results showed that the F1 generation has obvious long awn, similar with that of the male parent. The purple color of the long awn is different from that of the male parent. Microstructural results showed that the flag leaves of F1 have large mesophyll cell gaps in the upper- and lower-positions, small mesophyll cell gaps in the middle position, and more chloroplasts. Increased chlorophyll content was also observed in the F1 generation. In the lower-position flag leaves, the total chlorophyll contents of F1 were 1.55 and 1.5 times those of O. sativa and O. longistaminata, respectively. POR, MgCH and HEMA1 showed higher expression levels than the other related genes selected in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. The HEMA1 expression level in the middle-position flag leaves of O. longistaminata was the highest, and it was 2.83 and 2.51 times that of O. sativa and F1, respectively. The expression level of DVR gene in lower-position flag leaves of F1 were 93.16% and 95.06% lower than those of O. sativa and O. longistaminata, respectively. This study provided a potential reference for studying the photosynthesis and heterosis utilization of O. longistaminata.

Investigating First Language Acquisition of Indonesian Phonemes for Toddlers

This paper describes the acquisition of Indonesian phones of 2.7-year-old children. Data is obtained through qualitative approaches with the aim of describing the facts of language that occur in language acquisition (phonemes) in children as is. The result obtained is that in children aged 2.7 years, all vocal sounds can be pronounced precisely both in the initial, middle and end positions of the word, while for consonant sounds there are still some that are not perfectly spoken. For example, phoneme /s/ if it is at the beginning and middle of the word is pronounced /c/, and at the end position is pronounced /s/. Same with consonsn /l/. This sound can be pronounced perfectly if it is in the starting and final position of the word, but if in the middle position the phoneme is not visible. The phoneme /r/ cannot be pronounced precisely at either the initial, middle or end position of the word.

Hermeneutika Versus Maqashid (Tafsir Maqashidi) Sebagai Gerakan Membumikan Tafsir Al-Qur’an

The study of the Qur'an has produced a number of theories and therapeutic approaches in the study of the al-Qur'an text. So far, the interpretation and study of the al-Qur'an has developed so rapidly so that the Koran is in accordance with the text and context in realizing a fair and just interpretation. This is one of the forms of the effort and movement of making al-Qur'an grounded through understanding the text and critical study in the substance. The focus of the investigation, explored the hermeneutic and maqashid approaches (Tafsir Maqashidi) then examined various aspects of the methodology, methods, application of the interpretation model, especially in relation to gender in order to see the work of the two theories in terms of interpretation. The conclusion is to ground the interpretation of the Koran, not around a textual understanding. However, the emergence of various understandings in the context of seeing the reality of society (asbabun nuzul al-Qur'an) so that interpretation is able to place a middle position (Wasthiyyah Islam). Hermeneutics and maqashid (Tafsir Maqashidi) are offered as an effort to ground the interpretation of contextual and critical nuances, taking into account the social justice of society so that it has implications according to the essence and purpose of the Qur'an being revealed.

Moderasi Beragama dan Media Sosial (Studi Analisis Konten Instagram & Tik-Tok)

This article is prepared to examine some of the references as a foundation for describes the influence of social media as a medium for campaigning related to religious moderation movements and conceptualizes the form of the use of Instagram and Tiktok social media in campaigning for religious moderation movements. The method used in the preparation of this journal is qualitative descriptive combined with literature review research on related sources and journals, the research approach used is a field study, with a focus on the study of Instagram and Tik Tok content. Religious moderation is a moderate view or attitude to try to take a neutral or middle position against the diversity of beliefs. With the existence of religious moderation, it is hoped that a balance in religion will be created. To strengthen religious moderation, various strategies can be carried out, one of the strata is the socialization of ideas, understanding, and education regarding religious moderation to the whole society. Because of this, the campaign regarding the religious moderation movement must be carried out massively and synergistically, especially on social media, especially Instagram and TikTok, which are social media services that are currently popular recently. By utilizing the popularity of social media networking services, it is hoped that the campaign against the religious moderation movement will be well received by the public. Because of this, the campaign regarding the religious moderation movement must be carried out massively and synergistically, especially on social media, especially Instagram and TikTok, which are social media services that are currently popular recently. By utilizing the popularity of social media networking services, it is hoped that the campaign against the religious moderation movement will be well received by the public. Because of this, the campaign regarding the religious moderation movement must be carried out massively and synergistically, especially on social media, especially Instagram and TikTok, which are social media services that are currently popular recently. By utilizing the popularity of social media networking services, it is hoped that the campaign against the religious moderation movement will be well received by the public.

An Electrostatic Self-Excited Resonator with Pre-Tension/Pre-Compression Constraint for Active Rotation Control

We report a novel electrostatic self-excited resonator driven by DC voltage that achieves variable velocity-position characteristics via applying the pre-tension/pre-compression constraint. The resonator consists of a simply supported micro-beam, two plate electrodes, and two adjustable constraint bases, and it can be under pre-compression or pre-tension constraint by adjusting the distance L between two constraint bases (when beam length l > L, the resonator is under pre-compression and when l < L, it is under pre-tension). The oscillating velocity of the beam reaches the maximum value in the position around electrodes under the pre-compression constraint and reaches the maximum value in the middle position between two electrodes under the pre-tension condition. By changing the constraint of the microbeam, the position of the maximum velocity output of the oscillating beam can be controlled. The electrostatic self-excited resonator with a simple constraint structure under DC voltage has great potential in the field of propulsion of micro-robots, such as active rotation control of flapping wings.

The research for characters of detonated rupture disks used in rarefaction wave gun for test

In this paper, numerical and experimental analysis were carried out to study the characters of the detonated rupture disks used in rarefaction wave gun for test. The pressure bearing capacity and cutting blasting ability of the disks were studied in detail. The research results showed that the designed detonated rupture disks could withstand the maximum pressure of 140 MPa or more during launch process. The central detonating spoke had an annular cutting depth of about 1.3 mm. It was not the shearing deformation at the supporting edge but the excessive tensile deformation at the middle position that led to the failure. The disk was cut and destroyed as a whole satisfyingly, so the rationality and feasibility of the detonated rupture disks used in rarefaction wave gun for test were verified, which could provide a reference for the development of rarefaction wave artillery and similar low recoil weapons.