Fabrication and Performance Characterization of Al/Ti Multilayer Energetic Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 1782-1786
Author(s):  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Rui Qi Shen ◽  
Ying Hua Ye ◽  
Shou Xu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Multilayer Films ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Bilayer Thickness ◽  
Relative Thickness ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dsc Curves

Al/Ti multilayer films with bilayer thicknesses of 50nm, 100nm and 200nm were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering alternate Al and Ti layers. The relative thickness of Al and Ti layers was maintained at a 1:1 ratio in order to obtain a 1:1 atomic ratio. XRD measurements show that the compound of AlTi is the final product of the exothermic reactions. DSC curves show that the values of heat release in Al/Ti multilayer films with bilayer thicknesses of 50nm, 100nm and 200nm are 457.99 J∙g-1, 493.42 J∙g-1 and 696.81 J∙g-1, respectively. The exothermic reaction in Al/Ti multilayer films lead to more intense electric explosion. Al/Ti multilayer bridge films with modulation period of 50nm explode more rapidly and intensely than other bridge films because decreasing the bilayer thickness results in an increased reaction velocity.

Fabrication and Characterization of Al/Ni Multilayer Films

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Tao Ma ◽  
Qing Xuan Zeng ◽  
Ming Yu Li ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Multilayer Films ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Nickel Layer ◽  
Total Thickness ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Reactive Multilayer Films

Self-propagating exothermic formation reactions have been intensively studied in a variety of reactive multilayer films, which typically include alternating layers of two or more reactants. Here, we introduce a reactive multilayer film which contains a thermite reaction between Ni and Al.Al/Ni multilayer films which were composed of alternate Al and Ni layers were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering.The total thickness of each films was approximately 1.2 μm having bilayer thicknesses of 60, 100, 150 nm. Each bilayer consisted of an aluminum layer and a nickel layer in a 3:2 thickness ratio to maintain an overall 1:1 atomic composition.Meanwhile, Al/Ni multilayer films with the bilayer thickness of 60 nmwas prepared. In each bilayer, the thickness ratio of Al to Ni was maintained at 1:2 to obtain an overall 1:3 atomic composition.The total thickness of Al/Ni multilayer films was around 1.2 μm.DSC curves show that the values of heat release in Al/Ni multilayer films with bilayer thicknesses of 60 (Al:Ni), 100 (Al:Ni), 150 (Al:Ni) and 60 (Al:3Ni) nm are 324.63 Jžg-1, 348.51 Jžg-1, 400.45 Jžg-1 and 69.85 Jžg-1, respectively. XRD measurements show that the final products of exothermic reactions with Al:Ni atomic ratio of 1:1 and 1:3 are the compound of AlNi and AlNi3, respectively.

Preparation and characterization of CdZnTe multilayer films by repeated RF magnetron sputtering

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 4467-4474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuying Gao ◽  
Xinghua Zhu ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Dingyu Yang ◽  
Peihua Wangyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Multilayer Films

Modulated structures in (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Shozo Ikeda ◽  
Hirotoshi Hayakawa ◽  
Daniel R. Dietderich
Keyword(s):  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Bscco System ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Modulated Structures ◽  
High Tc Phase ◽  
Deposited Films ◽  
Sputtering System

Pb addition makes easier to form the high Tc phase in the BSCCO system. However, Pb easily vaporized at high temperature. A controlled Pb potential method has been applied to grow the high Tc phase in films. Initially, films are deposited on cleaved MgO substrates using an rf magnetron sputtering system. These amorphous as-deposited films are heat treated in a sealed gold capsule along with a large pellet of Pb-added BSCCO. Details of the process and characterization of the films have been reported elsewhere (1). Films trated for 0.5h at 850° C contain mainly the low Tc phase with a small amount of the high Tc phase. Hawever, films treated for 3h at 850°C consist mainly of the high Tc phase. This film is superconductive with a Tc(zero) of 106K. The Pb/Bi ratio of the films, analysed by SEM- EDS, are 0.12 and 0.18 for heat tratment times of 0.5 and 3h, respectively. The present study investigates the modulated structures of these films using HREM.

Removal of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Constituents by Anion Exchange Resin

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Croué ◽  
D. Violleau ◽  
C. Bodaire ◽  
B. Legube
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Hydrophilic Character ◽  
Exchange Resins

The objective of this work was to compare the affinity of well characterized NOM fractions isolated from two surface waters with strong (gel matrix and macroporous matrix) and weak anion exchange resins (AER) using batch experiment conditions. The structural characterization of the fraction of NOM has shown that the higher the hydrophilic character, the lower the C/O atomic ratio, the lower the SUVA, the lower the aromatic carbon content and the lower the molecular weight. In general (not always), strong AER was more efficient to remove DOC than weak AER. For the same water source (Suwannee River), the higher the molecular weight of the NOM fraction, the lower the affinity with AER. Increasing the ionic strength favored the removal of the hydrophobic NOM fraction (“salting out” effect) while increasing the pH apparently reduced the removal of the hydrophilic NOM fraction. Results were discussed in terms of size exclusion, adsorption, anion exchange and also hydrophobic/hydrophilic repulsion.

scholarly journals Noise and Breakdown Characterization of SPAD Detectors with Time-Gated Photon-Counting Operation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5287
Author(s):  
Hiwa Mahmoudi ◽  
Michael Hofbauer ◽  
Bernhard Goll ◽  
Horst Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Dark Count ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Noise Models

Being ready-to-detect over a certain portion of time makes the time-gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) an attractive candidate for low-noise photon-counting applications. A careful SPAD noise and performance characterization, however, is critical to avoid time-consuming experimental optimization and redesign iterations for such applications. Here, we present an extensive empirical study of the breakdown voltage, as well as the dark-count and afterpulsing noise mechanisms for a fully integrated time-gated SPAD detector in 0.35-μm CMOS based on experimental data acquired in a dark condition. An “effective” SPAD breakdown voltage is introduced to enable efficient characterization and modeling of the dark-count and afterpulsing probabilities with respect to the excess bias voltage and the gating duration time. The presented breakdown and noise models will allow for accurate modeling and optimization of SPAD-based detector designs, where the SPAD noise can impose severe trade-offs with speed and sensitivity as is shown via an example.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Bio-Chiral Dopants Obtained from Bio-Betulin Produced by a Fermentation Process

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Veridiana G. Guimarães ◽  
Anastasiia Svanidze ◽  
Tianyi Guo ◽  
Pawan Nepal ◽  
Robert J. Twieg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Cholesteric Liquid Crystals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Chiral Dopants

Cholesteric liquid crystals are frequently produced by the addition of chiral dopants to achiral nematic hosts. We report here the synthesis and performance of chiral dopants obtained from bio-betulin produced by a fermentation process. An important aspect of this work is to point out that the fermentation process used to obtain the starting materials is much easier and cheaper when carried out in large volumes than isolating it from the natural product. The performance of the dopants obtained from bio-betulin is indistinguishable from those obtained from commercially available synthetic betulin.

Current–Voltage Characterization of Transparent ITO/ZnO:B/ZnO:(Al + In)/Ag Schottky Diodes Prepared with Multilayer Films by Sol–Gel Deposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1993-2002
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Hernández-Ochoa ◽  
Humberto Arizpe-Chávez ◽  
Rafael Ramírez-Bon ◽  
Alain Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Manuel Cortez-Valadez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Multilayer Films ◽  
Current Voltage

Design, Installation, and Performance Characterization of a Laboratory-Scale Solar Thermal System for Experiments in Solar Energy Utilization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Drozek ◽  
Christopher Damm ◽  
Ryan Enot ◽  
Andrew Hjortland ◽  
Brandon Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Performance Characterization ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Solar Thermal System

The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of a laboratory-scale solar thermal system for the Renewable Energy Systems Laboratory at the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE). The system development began as a student senior design project where students designed and fabricated a laboratory-scale solar thermal system to complement an existing commercial solar energy system on campus. The solar thermal system is designed specifically for educating engineers. This laboratory equipment, including a solar light simulator, allows for variation of operating parameters to investigate their impact on system performance. The equipment will be utilized in two courses: Applied Thermodynamics, and Renewable Energy Utilization. During the solar thermal laboratories performed in these courses, students conduct experiments based on the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 93-2010 standard for testing and performance characterization of solar thermal systems. Their measurements are then used to quantify energy output, efficiency and losses of the system and subsystem components.

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