Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins Containing Bisaryl Diphosphates Oligomer

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Gao ◽  
Chun Feng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Diphenyl Phosphate

Bisphenol A bis( diphenyl phosphate) oligomer (BDP) as flame retardants (FR) was synthesized, whose structure was characterized by IR. 30% weight BDP was doped into epoxy resins (EP) to get 26.2 % of LOI and UL 94 V-0. The degradation behavior of EP containing BDP was studied by TG, SEM and cone calorimeter. In the thermal degradation of EP containing BDP, the initial decomposition temperature, Tm and heat release and smoke production are decreased while Rmax, char yields, and inherent thermal stability are increased. Surface of the char is dense and compact, which can isolate the transfer of mass and heat between the materials and the flame to protect the unburned materials.

Epoxy Resins Treated with Magnesium-Containing Compounds in Material Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Chun Feng Sun ◽  
Ming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Smoke Density ◽  
Integral Procedure ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (Mg-MIFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus- magnesium characterized by IR. Epoxy resins (EP) were modified with Mg-MIFR to get the flame retardant EP, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), dilatation, char yield, smoke density rating (SDR) and maximum smoke density (MSD). The epoxy resins were obtained for the UL 94 V-0 rating at low Mg contents of 4.0% get a LOI of 27.0% and char yield of 19.8%. Dilatation, SDR and MSD of EP/Mg-MIFR decreased. The degradation behavior of the EP/Mg-MIFR was studied by TG and EDX analysis. The experimental results exhibited that the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) was decreased, integral procedure decomposition temperature (IPDT) and amounts of Mg and P at the residue were increased.

Epoxy Resins Treated with Metal-Containing Flame Retardant

2012 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Gao ◽  
Ying Juan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Smoke Density ◽  
Integral Procedure ◽  
Ul 94

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (Zn-MIFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus-silicon characterized by IR. Epoxy resins (EP) were modified with Zn-MIFR to get the flame retardant EP, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), dilatation, char yield, smoke density rating (SDR) and maximum smoke density (MSD). The epoxy resins were obtained for the UL 94 V-0 rating at low Zn contents of 3.0 % get a LOI of 27.5% and char yield of 20.5%. Dilatation, SDR and MSD of EP/Zn-MIFR decreased. The degradation behavior of the EP/Zn-MIFR was studied by TG and EDX analysis. The experimental results exhibited that the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) was decreased, integral procedure decomposition temperature (IPDT) and amounts of Zn and P at the residue were increased.

Thermal Behavior of Epoxy Resins Containing Manganese Compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Fa Chao Wu ◽  
Shuang Tian ◽  
Song Liu
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Smoke Density ◽  
Integral Procedure ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (Mn-MIFR), was synthesized. Epoxy resins (EP) were modified with Mn-MIFR to get the flame retardant EP, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), dilatation, char yield, smoke density rating (SDR) and maximum smoke density (MSD). The epoxy resins were obtained for the UL 94 V-0 rating at low Mn contents of 4.0 % get a LOI of 26.5% and char yield of 18.2%. Dilatation, SDR and MSD of EP/Mn-MIFR decreased. The degradation behavior of the EP/Mn-MIFR was studied by TG and EDX analysis. The experimental results exhibited that the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) was decreased, integral procedure decomposition temperature (IPDT) and amounts of Mn and P at the residue were increased.

Thermal Degradation of Epoxy Resins Containing Aluminum Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 574-577
Author(s):  
Yong Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Smoke Density ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Integral Procedure ◽  
Ul 94

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (Al-MIFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus-aluminum characterized by IR. Epoxy resins (EP) were modified with Al-MIFR to get the flame retardant EP, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), dilatation, char yield, smoke density rating (SDR) and maximum smoke density (MSD). The epoxy resins were obtained for the UL 94 V-0 rating at low Al contents of 4.0 % get a LOI of 26.8% and char yield of 19.5%. Dilatation, SDR and MSD of EP/Al-MIFR decreased. The degradation behavior of the EP/Al-MIFR was studied by TG and EDX analysis. The experimental results exhibited that the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) was decreased, integral procedure decomposition temperature (IPDT) and amounts of Al and P at the residue were increased.

Research on Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Polyphenylene Sulfide Filter Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 1171-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Qiang Chang ◽  
Jing Xian Liu ◽  
Ning Mao ◽  
Bao Zhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In order to study the thermal stability of PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) filter media, by means of thermogravimetry(TG), thermal degradation kinetics behavior of two kinds of PPS filter media were analyzed. The kinetic parameters of PPS filter media were obtained according to Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. Thermal stability of PPS filter media was discussed. It was found that the initial decomposition temperature and activation energy of N3 sample are all higher than B1 sample, the thermal stability of N3 sample is better than B1 sample, and kinetic analysis can be used as an important method to evaluate the thermal stability of filter media.

Epoxy Resins Treated with Novel Silicon-Containing Flame Retardant

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Gao ◽  
Ying Juan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Smoke Density ◽  
Integral Procedure ◽  
Ul 94

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (Si-MIFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus-silicon characterized by IR. Epoxy resins (EP) were modified with Si-MIFR to get the flame retardant EP, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), dilatation, char yield, smoke density rating (SDR) and maximum smoke density (MSD). The epoxy resins were obtained for the UL 94 V-0 rating at low Si contents of 3.0 % get a LOI of 27.5% and char yield of 23.8%. Dilatation, SDR and MSD of EP/Si-MIFR decreased. The degradation behavior of the EP/Si-MIFR was studied by TG and EDX analysis. The experimental results exhibited that the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) was decreased, integral procedure decomposition temperature (IPDT) and amounts of Si and P at the residue were increased.

Thermal Degradation of Epoxy Resins Containing Copper Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Qiu Ju Dai ◽  
Ming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Smoke Density ◽  
Integral Procedure ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (Cu-MIFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus-copper characterized by IR. Epoxy resins (EP) were modified with Cu-MIFR to get the flame retardant EP, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), dilatation, char yield, smoke density rating (SDR) and maximum smoke density (MSD). The epoxy resins were obtained for the UL 94 V-0 rating at low Cu contents of 3.0 % get a LOI of 27.0% and char yield of 19.4%. Dilatation, SDR and MSD of EP/Cu-MIFR decreased. The degradation behavior of the EP/Cu-MIFR was studied by TG and EDX analysis. The experimental results exhibited that the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) was decreased, integral procedure decomposition temperature (IPDT) and amounts of Cu and P at the residue were increased.

Combustibility and Thermal Degradation of PS/IFR/Graphene Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4295-4298
Author(s):  
Jian Wei Yang ◽  
Zheng Zhou Wang ◽  
Li Xin Wu ◽  
Dong Xian Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were prepared by ball milling, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PS/GNP composites were produced by a melt process. The flammability of PS/GNP composite was evaluated by the cone calorimeter (Cone) and thermal degradation of the composite by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Cone data indicate that the incorporation of 1% GNP leads to a 28% reduction in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) compared to pure PS. There is an synerhistic effect between intumesent flame retardants and GNP in a decrease in PhRR in PS. The incorporation of small amount of GNP can improve thermal stability of PS.

Thermal Stabilities and the Thermal Degradation Kinetics Study of the Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Juan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Modified Epoxy

Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics of epoxy resins with 2-(Diphenylphosphinyl)-1, 4-benzenediol were investegated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates of 5 K/min, 10 K/min, 20 K/min and 40 K/min. The thermal degradation kinetic mechanism and models of the modified epoxy resins were determined by Coast Redfern method.The results showed that epoxy resins modified with the flame retardant had more thermal stability than pure epoxy resin. The solid-state decomposition mechanism of epoxy resin and the modified epoxy resin corresponded to the controlled decelerating ځ˽̈́˰̵̳͂͆ͅ˼˰̴̱̾˰̸̵̈́˰̵̸̳̱̹̽̾̓̽˰̶̳̹̾̈́̿̾̓ͅ˰̶˸ځ˹˰̵̵͇͂˰̃˸́˽ځ˹2/3. The introduction of phosphorus-containing flame retardant reduced thermal degradation rate of epoxy resins in the primary stage, and promote the formation of carbon layer.

Flammability and Thermal Degradation of Polystyrene/Cadmium Sulfate Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhou Wang ◽  
Charles A. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
Solvothermal Process ◽  
Cadmium Sulfate ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Microscale Combustion Calorimeter ◽  
Combustion Calorimeter ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Cadmin sulfate nanoparticles, hollow sphere (CdS-HS) and rode (CdS-NR) were synthesized by ultrasonic and solvothermal process, respectively. The effect of the two kinds of nanoparticles on flammability of polystyrene was investigated using cone calorimeter (Cone) and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). Cone data indicate that the incorporation of 1% CdS nanoparticles leads to a about 20% reduction in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) compared to the pure PS; CdS-NR is more efficient in reducing the PHRR proved by both Cone and MCC results. The TG results show that the addition of the nanoparticles mainly increases thermal stability of PS at high temepratures.

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