Suppression of Single Vector Hydrophone Coherent-Noise Based on the Cross-SCF

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 948-952
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jin Fang Cheng ◽  
Jie Xu

At present the cross-correlation processing can only suppress the isotropic noise by vector hydrophone sound pressure and vibration velocity combined. The coherent composition of the actual ambient noise makes the detection ability of cross-correlation spectrum reduced. Use XWVD theory, proposed a cross symmetry-correlation function (Cross-SCF). Analysis of simulation data under different SNR and Different nature noise combination proving that the noise suppression Performance of suggested Cross-SCF has nothing to do with noise properties, and compared with the cross-correlation processing have indeed better than coherent noise suppression ability.

1988 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 233-234
Author(s):  
Aubrey D. Haschick ◽  
Willem A. Baan ◽  
Matthew H. Schneps ◽  
Mark J. Reid ◽  
James M. Moran

On 1984 October 6 we conducted a 3-station intercontinental Mark II VLBI experiment in order to study the very luminous water vapor maser source in the nucleus of the galaxy NGC 3079, which was detected first by Haschick and Baan (1985) using the Haystack Observatory 36.6 m antenna. The cross correlation spectrum for the longest Owens Valley to MPI baseline is presented in Figure 1 and shows the phase variation across the width of the brightest feature at 955.7 km s−1 to be less than 10 degrees of phase.


2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Suman Dutta ◽  
Subhamoy Maitra ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Mukherjee

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Here we revisit the quantum algorithms for obtaining Forrelation [Aaronson et al., 2015] values to evaluate some of the well-known cryptographically significant spectra of Boolean functions, namely the Walsh spectrum, the cross-correlation spectrum, and the autocorrelation spectrum. We introduce the existing 2-fold Forrelation formulation with bent duality-based promise problems as desirable instantiations. Next, we concentrate on the 3-fold version through two approaches. First, we judiciously set up some of the functions in 3-fold Forrelation so that given oracle access, one can sample from the Walsh Spectrum of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ f $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. Using this, we obtain improved results than what one can achieve by exploiting the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. In turn, it has implications in resiliency checking. Furthermore, we use a similar idea to obtain a technique in estimating the cross-correlation (and thus autocorrelation) value at any point, improving upon the existing algorithms. Finally, we tweak the quantum algorithm with the superposition of linear functions to obtain a cross-correlation sampling technique. This is the first cross-correlation sampling algorithm with constant query complexity to the best of our knowledge. This also provides a strategy to check if two functions are uncorrelated of degree <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ m $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. We further modify this using Dicke states so that the time complexity reduces, particularly for constant values of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ m $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>.</p>


Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuansheng Shan ◽  
Lu Tang ◽  
He Wen ◽  
Radek Martinek ◽  
Janusz Smulko

The non-contact measurement of engine speed can be realized by analyzing engine vibration frequency. However, the vibration signal is distorted by harmonics and noise in the measurement. This paper presents a novel method for the measurement of engine rotation speed by using the cross-correlation of vibration and acoustic signals. This method can enhance the same frequency components in engine vibration and acoustic signal. After cross-correlation processing, the energy centrobaric correction method is applied to estimate the accurate frequency of the engine’s vibration. This method can be implemented with a low-cost embedded system estimating the cross-correlation. Test results showed that this method outperformed the traditional vibration-based measurement method.


Author(s):  
С.И. Герасимов ◽  
В.Д. Глушнев

Корреляционная обработка сигналов как частный случай использования цифровой обработки данных, получаемых с акустических датчиков, находит широкое применение в современных ультразвуковых расходомерах жидкости и газа. К ним можно отнести как непосредственно корреляционные меточные расходомеры, так и расходомеры преимущественно время-импульсного или время-пролетного типов, где корреляционная обработка акустических сигналов является дополнением к общему методу измерения объемного расхода жидкости и газа. Применение корреляционной обработки позволяет повысить разрешающую способность расходомера в целом и обеспечить выделение полезного сигнала на фоне присутствия шумов с высокой степенью достоверности. В статье описан способ вычисления дискретных корреляционных функций на основе обобщенного определения дискретной корреляционной функции через свертку дискретизированных сигналов с выходов датчиков потока. Суть данного метода сводится к вычислению набора значений кумулятивных произведений отсчетов зондирующих сигналов, взятых с разным шагом в зависимости от общего количества отсчетов сигналов и предполагаемого числа значений корреляционной функции. Полученный набор значений оформляется в виде двумерного массива или матрицы, однако для большего понимания его можно представить как таблицу. Результаты суммы отдельных элементов этой таблицы или матрицы, выбранных согласно установленному правилу, и будут являться конечными значениями взаимной корреляционной функции акустических сигналов. В рамках работы составлены непосредственно алгоритм вычисления дискретной корреляционной функции в соответствии с рассмотренным методом расчета корреляционной функции, приведены примеры вычисления программным способом взаимной и автокорреляционной функций акустических сигналов, приближенных по своим свойствам к сигналам реальных ультразвуковых расходомеров. Предложенный вариант расчета дискретных корреляционных функций может быть применен в энергоэффективных вычислительных модулях расходомеров, предназначенных для длительной эксплуатации от источника автономного питания, обладающих низкой производительностью. Correlation signal processing as a particular case of using a digital data processing obtained from acoustic sensors is widely used in modern ultrasonic liquid and gas flowmeters. These include both direct correlation flowmeters and predominantly a time-pulse or time-of-flight type’s flowmeters, where the correlation processing of acoustic signals is an addition to the general method for measuring the volumetric flow rate of liquid and gas. The use of correlation processing makes it possible to increase the resolution of the flowmeter as a whole and to ensure the useful signal extraction against the background of the noise presence with a high degree of reliability. The article describes a method for calculating discrete correlation functions based on the generalized definition of a discrete correlation function through the convolution of sampled signals from the flow sensors outputs. The essence of this method comes down to calculating a values set ​​of the cumulative products of the probing signal’s samples taken with different steps depending on the total number of signal samples and the assumed number of the correlation function samples. The resulting values sequence ​​is formatted as a two-dimensional array or matrix, but for better understanding it can be represented as a table. The results of the sum of the individual elements of this table or matrix, selected according to the established rule, will be the final values ​​of the cross-correlation function of acoustic signals. Within the framework, an algorithm for calculating the discrete correlation function is directly compiled in accordance with the considered method for calculating the correlation function, examples of software calculation of the cross- and autocorrelation functions of acoustic signals, which are close in their properties to the real signals of ultrasonic flowmeters, are given. The proposed option for calculating discrete correlation functions can be applied in energy-efficient computational modules of flowmeters designed for long-term operation from an autonomous power source with low performance.


Author(s):  
Matthias Weber ◽  
Anja Niehoff ◽  
Markus A. Rothschild

AbstractThis work deals with the examination of tool marks in human cartilage. We compared the effectiveness of several cleaning methods on cut marks in porcine cartilage. The method cleaning by multiple casts achieved the significantly highest scores (P = 0.02). Furthermore, we examined the grain-like elevations (dots) located on casts of cut cartilage. The results of this study suggest that the casting material forms these dots when penetrating cartilage cavities, which are areas where the strong collagen fibres leave space for the chondrocytes. We performed fixation experiments to avoid this, without success. In addition, 31 casting materials were compared regarding contrast under light-microscope and 3D tool marks scanner. Under the light-microscope, brown materials achieved significantly higher values than grey (P = 0.02) or black (P = 0.00) whereas under the 3D scanner, black materials reached higher contrast values than grey (P = 0.04) or brown (P = 0.047). To compare the accuracy and reproducibility of 6 test materials for cartilage, we used 10 knives to create cut marks that were subsequently scanned. During the alignment of the individual signals of each mark, the cross-correlation coefficients (Xmax) and lags (LXmax) were calculated. The signals of the marks in agarose were aligned with significantly fewer lags and achieved significantly higher cross-correlation coefficients compared to all tested materials (both P = 0.00). Moreover, we determined the cross-correlation coefficients (XC) for known-matches (KM) per material. Agarose achieved significantly higher values than AccuTrans®, Clear Ballistics™, and gelatine (all P = 0.00). The results of this work provide valuable insights for the forensic investigation of marks in human costal cartilage.


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