Effect of the Thickness Uniformity in Micro-Electroforming Process by Dividing Conductive Zone on Cathode

2009 ◽  
Vol 60-61 ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Li Qun Du ◽  
Li Chuan Yu ◽  
Lei Song ◽  
Chong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thickness Uniformity ◽  
Conductive Zone ◽  
Electroforming Process ◽  
Nickel Electroforming

In this paper, an effective method is presented to improve thickness uniformity in nickel electroforming process. In most electroforming processes, thickness ratio of edge to center is 2.5~4 and the shape of the electroforming zone is naturally a concave. Dividing conductive zone of electroforming structure to redistribute current density was applied to improve electroforming uniformity. Theoretical analysis and experimental results verify that a proper dividing method can improve the electroforming uniformity effectively. In the experiment, the thickness ratio of edge to center decreases from 2.91 to 1.88.

Abrasive-Assisted Electroforming of Nickel on Translational Cathode

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Wei Zhu ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Jian Hua Ren
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Coarse Structure ◽  
Electroforming Process ◽  
Nickel Deposits ◽  
Nickel Electroforming

Spherical abrasives were employed to polish the growing deposited layer during nickel electroforming process. On a translational flat cathode, nickel deposits with distinct polishing mark were obtained. It was found that the abrasive polishing can help to improve the microstructure and increase the mechanical properties of the nickel deposits. Compared with the deposits prepared with traditional method, the microstructure became more homogeneous and the microhardness increased nearly two times. The increase of current density led to coarse structure and lower microhardness.

scholarly journals Response of round-hole tubes submitted to pure bending creep and pure bending relaxation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 168781402110491
Author(s):  
Kuo-Long Lee ◽  
Bo-You Liu ◽  
Wen-Fung Pan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Round Hole ◽  
Pure Bending ◽  
Time Relationship

This paper presents experimental study on the response of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy round-hole tubes with five different hole diameters of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm and four different diameter-to-thickness ratios of 30, 40, 50, and 60 submitted to pure bending creep and pure bending relaxation. Pure bending creep or relaxation is defined as bending the tube to the required moment or curvature and maintaining that moment or curvature for a period of time. The experimental results of pure bending creep show that the curvature increases with time. In addition, larger holding moment, diameter-to-thickness ratio, or hole diameter results in larger creep curvature. As the curvature continues to increase, the round-hole tube eventually breaks. The experimental results of pure bending relaxation show that the relaxation moment decreases sharply with time and tends to a stable value. In addition, larger holding curvature, diameter-to-thickness ratio, or hole diameter results in larger drop of the relaxation moment. Due to fixed curvature, the round-hole tube does not break. Finally, formulas proposed by the research team of Pan et al. were respectively improved to simulate the creep curvature-time relationship for pure bending creep in the initial and the secondary stages and the relaxation moment-time for pure bending relaxation. After comparing with the experimental results, it is found that theoretical analysis can reproduce the experimental results reasonably.

PHOTOINDUCED NONLINEAR OCTUPOLAR POLARIZATION: TRANSIENT AND PERMANENT REGIMES

1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 653-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÉLINE FIORINI ◽  
JEAN-MICHEL NUNZI ◽  
FABRICE CHARRA ◽  
IFOR D.W. SAMUEL ◽  
JOSEPH ZYSS
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Polar Field ◽  
Rotational Spectrum ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ethyl Violet ◽  
Disperse Red 1 ◽  
Good Agreement

An original poling method using purely optical means and based on a dual-frequency interference process is presented. We show that the coherent superposition of two beams at fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies results in a polar field with an irreducible rotational spectrum containing both a vector and an octupolar component. This enables the method to be applied even to molecules without a permanent dipole such as octupolar molecules. After a theoretical analysis of the process, we describe different experiments aiming at light-induced noncentrosymmetry performed respectively on one-dimensional Disperse Red 1 and octupolar Ethyl Violet molecules. Macroscopic octupolar patterning of the induced order is demonstrated in both transient and permanent regimes. Experimental results show good agreement with theory.

Implementation of a High-Precision Ultrasonic Rain Gauge

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Zhan Wei Xu ◽  
Gui Lin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Self Calibration ◽  
Velocity Of Ultrasound

A novel rain gauge based on acoustic self-calibration principle is proposed in the paper. Acoustic self-calibration principle can eliminate the uncertainty of the velocity of ultrasound and achieve accurate measurement of rainfall. The rain gauge not only overcomes the influence on the rainfall measurement under intensive rainfall conditions, but also improves the precision of rain gauge. Plenty of experiments have been done to validate the design. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness of the rain gauge. A full description of the rain gauge and implementation are presented.

Case Analysis on PTH Fracture Caused by Twin Copper

2014 ◽  
Vol 1061-1062 ◽  
pp. 431-435
Author(s):  
Xiao He
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Soldering Process ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Section Analysis

An actual case of PTH fracture after soldering process was studied. By means of cross section analysis using metallography microscope and SEM, together with thermal analysis results, root cause of PTH fracture was concluded that a high density of twin copper weakened the mechanical strength so seriously that PTHs could not undergo thermal stress from soldering process, and higher CTE was attributed to an accelerative factor. Moreover, it is recommended to enhance current density properly and make sure the effectiveness of electroplating additives to prevent twin copper by theoretical analysis.

scholarly journals Study on Improving Thickness Uniformity of Microfluidic Chip Mold in the Electroforming Process

Micromachines ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqun Du ◽  
Tong Yang ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Yousheng Tao ◽  
Lei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Thickness Uniformity ◽  
Electroforming Process

scholarly journals New Topologies of Lossless Grounded Inductor Using OTRA

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwari Pandey ◽  
Neeta Pandey ◽  
Sajal K. Paul ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
B. Sriram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pspice Simulation ◽  
Operational Transresistance Amplifier

Two alternate topologies of lossless grounded inductor have been proposed using operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA). Three applications using the proposed inductors are also included. PSPice simulation and experimental results have been included to demonstrate the performance and verify the theoretical analysis.

Effects of wavelength error and spectral band width on measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Schifreen ◽  
R W Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Two Factors

Abstract We re-examined the effects of wavelength error and spectral band width on the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity. The methods we studied is relatively insensitive to these two factors, a conclusion we base on both experimental results and theoretical analysis. These findings are in conflict with a recently published report [Lott et al., Clin. Chem. 24, 938 (1978)], and we suggest a possible explanation for this.

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