Electrochemical Properties of GaCl3 in Ionic Liquid [C2mim][GaCl4]

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2596-2599
Author(s):  
Yi Jin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Diffusion Activation Energy ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Diffusion Activation

Under dry argon atmosphere, the colourless and transparent ionic liquid [C2mim][GaCl4] was synthesized. Using [C2mim][GaCl4] as solvent, a solution of GaCl3with molarity 5.227×10-3 mol/cm3 was prepared at 303.15 K and there is a equilibrum between the solute and the solvent: GaCl3+ [C2mim][GaCl4] → [C2mim][Ga2Cl7]. The cyclic voltammogram of the solution had been carried out relative to Al/Al3+reference electrode, with GC working electrode and Ga counter electrode, with various scan rates from 30 to 700mV/s, in a temperature range of 303.15 to 343.15 K, respectively. The results indicated that (1) there were two processes: Ga(Ⅲ)→Ga(I)→Ga(0), which corresponded to the double reduction peaks in the cyclic voltammogram; (2) the first reduction process was a diffusion controlled and quasi-reversible process. Plotting current density of the peak vs the square root of scan rate, a series of straight lines were obtained, then the diffusion coefficients were obtained according to Randles-Sevcik equation in various temperature. The values of diffusion coefficient were fitted to Arrhenius equation with least-square method and value of diffusion activation energy, ED = 41.5 kJ/mol, was obtained from Arrhenius slope.

Algorithms for descent along nodal straight lines in the problem of estimating regression equations using the least absolute deviations method

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
A. N. Tyrsin
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Least Absolute Deviations ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Straight Lines

A problem of estimating linear regression equations by the least absolute deviations method is considered. The exact methods of implementation of the method are significantly inferior in performance to the least square method. The fastest algorithm based on coordinate descent along nodal straight lines has a computational complexity proportional to the square of the number of observations, which limits the practical application of the method to monitoring and diagnostic tasks. The goal of the study is to describe a faster version of the descent along the nodal straight lines, as well as to evaluate the performance. Reduction of the computational costs is achieved due to the fact that instead of calculating the values of the objective function at nodal points, we find the derivative of the objective function in the vicinity of these points along the nodal line. The computational efficiency of gradient descent along nodal straight lines is estimated. For a typical computer, a comparative analysis of the average calculation time for various algorithms of descent along nodal straight lines is performed. A simple example is given to illustrate the implementation of a gradient descent procedure. Along with reduction of the computational costs, we also eliminated the possibility of accumulating computational errors when determining the values of the objective function for large samples. Moreover, gradient descent is quite simple for implementation. This makes it possible to use the method of least absolute deviations as an alternative to the least square method in various practical applications.

Method of Automobile-Sensitive Component of Safety Belt's Dimensional Inspection Based on Machine Vision

2013 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Bao Jun Yu ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Guo Qing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Edge Detection ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Dimensional Inspection ◽  
Edge Points ◽  
Canny Algorithm ◽  
Straight Lines

The purpose of this paper is to measure the open size of automobile-sensitive component of safety belt by the method of machine vision. At first ,use the CCD camera to get images of the component. Then the software (NI Labview) can help to process those images easily. The needed edge points of the component in the picture can be found after image has been processed by filtering, gray-scale morphological processing, binaryzation and edge detection which has been implemented by Canny algorithm. Through those points we can get the result of the beeline equation by least square method, and finally detected the angle between the two straight lines which stand for different straight edges of the component .And the detected angle values is the open size we need .

Direct Assessment of Effective Renal Plasma Flow from Renoscintigraphy with a Gamma Camera and an On-Line Computer

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
J. Liniecki ◽  
J. Bialobrzeski ◽  
Ewa Mlodkowska ◽  
M. J. Surma
Keyword(s):  
Count Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Uptake Coefficient ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Plasma Activity

A concept of a kidney uptake coefficient (UC) of 131I-o-hippurate was developed by analogy from the corresponding kidney clearance of blood plasma in the early period after injection of the hippurate. The UC for each kidney was defined as the count-rate over its ROI at a time shorter than the peak in the renoscintigraphic curve divided by the integral of the count-rate curve over the "blood"-ROI. A procedure for normalization of both curves against each other was also developed. The total kidney clearance of the hippurate was determined from the function of plasma activity concentration vs. time after a single injection; the determinations were made at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min after intravenous administration of 131I-o-hippurate and the best-fit curve was obtained by means of the least-square method. When the UC was related to the absolute value of the clearance a positive linear correlation was found (r = 0.922, ρ > 0.99). Using this regression equation the clearance could be estimated in reverse from the uptake coefficient calculated solely on the basis of the renoscintigraphic curves without blood sampling. The errors of the estimate are compatible with the requirement of a fast appraisal of renal function for purposes of clinical diagknosis.

PENGARUH KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, KOMPETENSI, MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Miftahol Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Competence Motivation ◽  
Performance Analyze

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of knowledge management on employee performance, analyze the effect of competence on employee performance, analyze the influence of motivation on employee performance). In this study, samples taken are structural employees PT.centris Kingdom Taxi Yogyakarta. The analysis tool in this study using multiple linear regression with Ordinary Least Square method (OLS). The conclusion of this study showed that the variables of knowledge management has a significant influence on employee performance, competence variables have an influence on employee performance, motivation variables have an influence on employee performance, The analysis showed that the variables of knowledge management, competence, motivation on employee performance.Keywords: knowledge management, competence, motivation, employee performance.

Peristaltic Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid flow and mixed heat transfer analysis in an asymmetric vertical and tapered wavy wall channel

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hatami ◽  
◽  
D Jing ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Weissenberg Number ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Nanofluid Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Nanoparticles Concentration ◽  
The Right

In this study, two-phase asymmetric peristaltic Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid flow in a vertical and tapered wavy channel is demonstrated and the mixed heat transfer analysis is considered for it. For the modeling, two-phase method is considered to be able to study the nanoparticles concentration as a separate phase. Also it is assumed that peristaltic waves travel along X-axis at a constant speed, c. Furthermore, constant temperatures and constant nanoparticle concentrations are considered for both, left and right walls. This study aims at an analytical solution of the problem by means of least square method (LSM) using the Maple 15.0 mathematical software. Numerical outcomes will be compared. Finally, the effects of most important parameters (Weissenberg number, Prandtl number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, local temperature and nanoparticle Grashof numbers) on the velocities, temperature and nanoparticles concentration functions are presented. As an important outcome, on the left side of the channel, increasing the Grashof numbers leads to a reduction in velocity profiles, while on the right side, it is the other way around.

Fast noise removal algorithm for HDR image based on least square method

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 994-996
Author(s):  
De-quan SUN ◽  
Jun ZHANG ◽  
Xiao-feng LI ◽  
Hui LI
Keyword(s):  
Least Square Method ◽  
Noise Removal ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Hdr Image

Model-based control of the substrate concentration in an aeration basin using the wastewater level

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Czeczot
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Substrate Consumption ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Effluent Flow Rate

This paper deals with the minimal-cost control of the modified activated sludge process with varying level of wastewater in the aerator tank. The model-based adaptive controller of the effluent substrate concentration, basing on the substrate consumption rate and manipulating the effluent flow rate outcoming from the aerator tank, is proposed and its performance is compared with conventional PI controller and open loop behavior. Since the substrate consumption rate is not measurable on-line, the estimation procedure on the basis of the least-square method is suggested. Finally, it is proved that cooperation of the DO concentration controller with the adaptive controller of the effluent substrate concentration allows the process to be operated at minimum costs (low consumption of aeration energy).

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of GPS / BDS combined single-point positioning based on RTKLIB

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Li Yan-yi ◽  
Huang Jin ◽  
Tang Ming-xiu
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Single System ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Kalman Filter Method

In order to evaluate the performance of GPS / BDS, RTKLIB, an open-source software of GNSS, is used in this paper. In this paper, the least square method, the weighted least square method and the extended Kalman filter method are respectively applied to BDS / GPS single system for data solution. Then, the BDS system and GPS system are used for fusion positioning and the positioning results of the two systems are compared with that of the single system. Through the comparison of experiments, on the premise of using the extended Kalman filter method for positioning, when the GPS signal is not good, BDS data is introduced for dual-mode positioning, the positioning error in e direction is reduced by 36.97%, the positioning error in U direction is reduced by 22.95%, and the spatial positioning error is reduced by 16.01%, which further reflects the advantages of dual-mode positioning in improving a system robustness and reducing the error.

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