Fast Algorithmfor Identifying Protein-Coding Regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
Ling Ke Wang ◽  
Ji Xian Meng ◽  
Hai Peng Zhu ◽  
Xin Zhong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transform ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Signal Noise ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Noise Ratio

Identification of protein-coding regions is a hot research area at present. After using mapping methods to turn symbolic genomic sequences into numeric sequences, we need to do the transform to show the period-3 component of protein-coding regions. In this paper, we find twofast algorithms relying on discrete Fourier transform and the extension of Signal Noise Ratio to compute the period-3 component of protein-coding regions.

scholarly journals Gene prediction by multiple syntenic alignment

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Said S. Adi ◽  
Carlos E. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Prediction Problem ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Conserved Regions ◽  
Similarity Information

Summary Given the increasing number of available genomic sequences, one now faces the task of identifying their functional parts, like the protein coding regions. The gene prediction problem can be addressed in several ways. One of the most promising methods makes use of similarity information between the genomic DNA and previously annotated sequences (proteins, cDNAs and ESTs). Recently, given the huge amount of newly sequenced genomes, new similarity-based methods are being successfully applied in the task of gene prediction. The so-called comparative-based methods lie in the similarities shared by regions of two evolutionary related genomic sequences. Despite the number of different gene prediction approaches in the literature, this problem remains challenging. In this paper we present a new comparative-based approach to the gene prediction problem. It is based on a syntenic alignment of three or more genomic sequences. With syntenic alignment we mean an alignment that is constructed taking into account the fact that the involved sequences include conserved regions intervened by unconserved ones. We have implemented the proposed algorithm in a computer program and confirm the validity of the approach on a benchmark including triples of human, mouse and rat genomic sequences.

A Theoretical Discussion of the Comparative Performances of Dispersion and Fourier-Transform Interferometric Spectrometers for the Infrared Region

1977 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sheppard ◽  
R. G. Greenler ◽  
P. R. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Measurement ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Signal Noise ◽  
Noise Trading ◽  
Detector Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio

A summary is given of the theoretical factors that determine the performances of dispersion and Fourier-transform (interferometric) infrared spectrometers in terms of the signal/noise ratio obtainable in relation to the time spent in signal measurement for a given spectral resolution. It is assumed that, as is normal in the infrared region of the spectrum, the performances of the spectrometers are limited by detector noise. “Trading rules” are given relating the spectral resolution to the time of spectral measurement or the signal/noise ratio for each type of instrument. It is shown that, for a given pair of dispersion and interferometric spectrometers, the latter operating with matched-throughput, the relative performance of the interferometer improves by a factor of √2 in signal/noise ratio (or 2 in time) when the resolution interval, Δ, is halved.

An Evaluation of the Practical Performance of a Digilab FTS-14 Fourier Transform Infrared Interferometer Working in the Region of 4000 to 400 cm−1

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Chenery ◽  
N. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Double Precision ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Signal Noise ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Practical Performance ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Very High

The performance of a Digilab FTS-14 Fourier transform infrared interferometric spectrometer has been evaluated in terms of (1) sensitivity and signal/noise ratio (in comparison with a high quality infrared grating instrument), (2) the attainment of very high absolute signal/noise ratios by use of double-precision arithmetic, (3) photometric accuracy, (4) wavenumber accuracy, (5) resolution, (6a) water vapor cancellation and double-beam operation, (6b) ratioing facilities against stored reference spectra, (7) the measurement of very high optical densities, and (8) miscellaneous other operational considerations. It is shown that, compared with a diffraction grating spectrometer of good performance, over most of the spectral region the interferometer enables the attainment of more than an order of magnitude improvement in signal/noise ratio (S/N) for a given time of scan and resolution. This improvement in S/N was found to reach a maximum of about 40 times at 2000 cm−1 when the full wavenumber range (3600 cm−1) is measured with the highest resolution (0.5 cm−1). This corresponds to the measurement of 7200 spectral elements, n. The S/N improvement is proportional to n and is correspondingly reduced for more limited ranges of spectral measurement or for more limited resolutions. The enhanced S/N can alternatively be traded for rapid scanning. The performance of the interferometer is shown to be very good in relation to the other operational parameters listed above. Substantial additional advantages – particularly in relation to automated operation, ratioing of related spectra, and flexibility in modes of plotting wavenumber or intensities – occur from the use of a dedicated minicomputer with, or as part of, a spectrometer.

scholarly journals Coefficient Combined and Shift and ADD Implementation (CSSI) Based Tunable Multiplierless Rotator Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-623
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transform ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Maximum Resolution ◽  
Coordinate Rotation ◽  
Signal Processing Algorithms ◽  
Processing Algorithms ◽  
Number Of Iterations

Signal processing algorithms like Discrete Fourier Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, and Fast Fourier Transform Transforms find various applications in the field of Image processing, Wireless communication, Robotics, and many others. It covers basically three operations viz. Multiply, Shift and Accumulate. Hence if the input data goes on rising as in cases where high resolution is required the amount of multiply operations also rises significantly. For example the number of complex multiply operations in case of Discrete Fourier Transform is N2 , where N is the number of points. Latency becomes an important issue which needs to be addressed in today’s era as we, humans, thrive for the fastest systems with maximum resolution. To reduce latency we need to either emphasize on reduction in amount of data to be processed or change the processing structure which can affect the overall time to output. Multiplierless techniques for this purpose has been always a research area as it helps in reduction of the later part. Coordinate rotation of digital computer (CORDIC) based techniques are well known for the Multiplierless implementation of the sinusoids. However it carries certain drawbacks viz. large number of iterations and accuracy. This paper provides Coefficient combined & shift and add implementation (CCSSI) based approach for the design of Multiplierless rotators for various transforms for multiple constant rotators as well. The approach improves the range of coefficients with respect to number of adders (the range taken is from 4 to 10 adders) and number of point (the range taken is from 1 to 64 points) compared to the existing approaches and is shown in the results. It also presents a novel tunable Multiplierless architecture.

scholarly journals STEGANOGRAFI MENGGUNAKAN METODE DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM (DFT)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Yuri Ariyanto ◽  
Rizky Ardiansyah ◽  
Bias Paris
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transform ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Noise Ratio

Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, serangan terjadi pada industri photography di mana banyak penyalahgunaan foto yang memiliki hak cipta tanpa seijin pemilik foto tersebut. Karena itulah dibuat sebuah aplikasi yang berfungsi untuk menyisipkan watermark dengan menggunakan metode DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform). Metode tersebut adalah metode matematika yang sering digunakan dalam bidang elektronika dan komputer. Metode ini secara khusus digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang berhubungan dengan frekuensi, sehingga metode ini dapat digunakan dalam bidang citra digital. Metode ini diterapkan untuk melakukan penyisipan dan ekstraksi watermark pada citra penampung. Watermark tersebut disisipkan kedalam frekuensi domain pada gambar dan akan menghasilkan output citra ber-watermark atau embeded image. Hal ini adalah untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan hak cipta, namun watermark tersebut tidak nampak secara fisik. Hal ini dilakukan selain memberikan jaminan keamanan terhadap gambar, tapi juga tidak mengurangi estetika pada gambar tersebut. Analisa yang dilakukan adalah tingkat keberhasilan proses insertion dan extraction, serangan pada citra, uji kemiripan dengan pengujian NPCR (Number of Pixel of Change Rate), UACI (Unified Averaged Changed Intensity), dan PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) pada proses insertion dan extraction. DFT disimpulkan aman terhadap serangan berupa cropping, resize, dan editing. Selain itu, dihasilkan nilai presentase perubahan yang rendah pada pengujian NPCR & UACI dan nilai yang tinggi pada pengujian PSNR.

Signal/Noise Ratio and Elemental Detectivity by Eels

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
R. F. Egerton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Signal Noise ◽  
Characteristic Signal ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

An important parameter governing the sensitivity and accuracy of elemental analysis by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) or by X-ray emission spectroscopy is the signal/noise ratio of the characteristic signal.

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