Experimental Research of Liquid Hydrocarbon Volatilization and Vapor Cloud Diffusion Concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
Kai Quan Wang ◽  
Xue You Wang ◽  
Xiao Yong Shu ◽  
Tao Gu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Liquid Pool ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Diffusion Experiment ◽  
Experiment Platform ◽  
Vapor Cloud ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Control

The main components of liquid hydrocarbon leakage evaporated gas is methane, which is not only a meanly greenhouse gas, and also a kind of dangerous substances may cause fire and explosion. Study of the mechanism of the liquid hydrocarbon leakage and evaporation will be beneficial to protect environment, prevent fire and explosion accident effectively. Based on the homemade experimental platform of liquid hydrocarbons volatilizes and diffusion, the speed of diesel oil volatile in the cup was detected with the temperature of 30°C, 60°C, 90°C and 120°C respectively, and the concentrations distribution variation of vapor cloud above the liquid level of 0.4 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m and 1.6 m was also detected in a sealed condition. The results indicate that: diesel oil volatilization has exponent relation to diesel oil temperature; the vapor cloud density has logarithmic relation to diesel oil volatilization:; and the time of forming the explosion concentration of vapor cloud has exponent relation to diesel oil temperature:. There is a peak area of concentration at about above the liquid level of 0.8m, and achieve explosion concentration in where firstly and then expanding on both ends. This paper provided a liquid pool volatilize diffusion experiment platform which can quantitatively study the volatile speed of diesel after leakage, quantitative analysis can be vapor cloud explosion concentration distribution, and the experimental results can be used to guidance for early-warning and control the explosion disaster of liquid hydrocarbon and reduce the methane to the air pollution.

Adaptive Signal Analysis and Interpretation for Real-time Intelligent Patient Monitoring

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Manders ◽  
D. P. Lindstrom ◽  
B. M. Dawant
Keyword(s):  
Computer Architecture ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Abstraction ◽  
Monitoring Strategy ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
On Line ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Control ◽  
Adaptive Signal

Abstract:On-line intelligent monitoring, diagnosis, and control of dynamic systems such as patients in intensive care units necessitates the context-dependent acquisition, processing, analysis, and interpretation of large amounts of possibly noisy and incomplete data. The dynamic nature of the process also requires a continuous evaluation and adaptation of the monitoring strategy to respond to changes both in the monitored patient and in the monitoring equipment. Moreover, real-time constraints may imply data losses, the importance of which has to be minimized. This paper presents a computer architecture designed to accomplish these tasks. Its main components are a model and a data abstraction module. The model provides the system with a monitoring context related to the patient status. The data abstraction module relies on that information to adapt the monitoring strategy and provide the model with the necessary information. This paper focuses on the data abstraction module and its interaction with the model.

scholarly journals Three-axis air-bearing based platform for small satellite attitude determination and control simulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Prado ◽  
G. Bisiacchi ◽  
L. Reyes ◽  
E. Vicente ◽  
F. Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Control ◽  
Attitude Determination ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
And Control

A frictionless environment simulation platform, utilized for accomplishing three-axis attitude control tests in small satellites, is introduced. It is employed to develop, improve, and carry out objective tests of sensors, actuators, and algorithms in the experimental framework. Different sensors (i.e. sun, earth, magnetometer, and an inertial measurement unit) are utilized to assess three-axis deviations. A set of three inertial wheels is used as primary actuators for attitude control, together with three mutually perpendicular magnetic coils intended for desaturation purposes, and as a backup control system. Accurate balancing, through the platform’s center of mass relocation into the geometrical center of the spherical air-bearing, significatively reduces gravitational torques, generating a virtually torque-free environment. A very practical balancing procedure was developed for equilibrating the table in the local horizontal plane, with a reduced final residual torque. A wireless monitoring system was developed for on-line and post-processing analysis; attitude data are displayed and stored, allowing properly evaluate the sensors, actuators, and algorithms. A specifically designed onboard computer and a set of microcontrollers are used to carry out attitude determination and control tasks in a distributed control scheme. The main components and subsystems of the simulation platform are described in detail.

Inspection and Determination of a Vehicle Arson Case According to Diesel Fuel and Gasoline

2013 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 751-755
Author(s):  
Li Li Yu ◽  
Shu Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Criminal Investigators ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Combustion Residue ◽  
Material Evidence

From a vehicle arson case, it briefly introduced the basic situation and investigation of fire, particularly discussed the inspection process of samples, even compared some main components with suspected criminal tool at length. The results showed that it was deteced gasoline composition in extracted material evidence of vehicle combustion residue,but the vehicle were diesel fuel car. Then it analysed in detail the difference of gasoline, diesel oil and mixture of gasoline and diesel oil on composition. Their composition characteristics were both have aromatic hydrocarbons, such as dimethylbenzene series, trimethylbenzene series, tetramethylbenzeneseries, methylindane, naphthalene series, But alkane composition and distribution was not the same, as diesel contained C11-C20 linear paraffin and branched paraffin which obviously normal distribution, even the content of alkanes was significantly higher than aromatic hydrocarbon.but gasoline was different , not only the alkane characteristics is not obvious, but also aromatic hydrocarbons high content; While the content of alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbon were similar in mixture. By comparing the plastic drum left on scene with inspected samples, their gasoline characteristics were the same, Thus we can determine the plastic drum was criminal tool of setting fire, it could provide powerful evidence to solve cases for fire investigators and criminal investigators.

A computer‐based system for measurement and control of liquid level

1990 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 795-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Victoria ◽  
R. M. Barzanallana ◽  
J. A. Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Level ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

Field Testing of OSBRA 964 km Pipeline Leak Detection System

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma´rcio Manha˜es G. de Almeida ◽  
Andre P. Kotchetkoff Neto ◽  
Adilson S. Mendonc¸a ◽  
Ricardo R. Alvarez ◽  
Marcello P. Castro
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Tank Farm

OSBRA is the 964 Km pipeline which supplies over 6.000.000 m3/year of gasoline, diesel oil and LPG to Brazil Mid-West region. Products on OSBRA pipeline are pumped on 24 hours a day and 365 days a year scheduled basis from Planalto Paulista Refinary – REPLAN to 5 midsize cities through 6 remote operated pumping stations located along the pipeline. OSBRA pipeline operation including pumping, valve operation and tank farm monitoring are done remotely from PETROBRAS Transporte S/A – TRANSPETRO Pipeline Control Center - CCO. A real time leak detection system (LDS) was supplied and installed at this Pipeline Control Center. The LDS is based on measurements of flow, pressure and density as well as pump and valve status along the pipeline. A SCADA was implemented and field instrumentation measurements were observed in order to provide good quality data for the pipeline operation and its LDS. Assembling of some field instruments were improved in order to correct measurement fails. On-desk simulations were done in order to verify theoretical system performance and operation team was trained to use the leak detection tool. A field controlled leak simulation test was done in order to validate and verify the System performance. This apparently simple task demanded around 1 year for planning and implementation before test was done. The approach of this report is mainly operational and shows how the OSBRA LDS test was planned, programmed, commissioned and performed. Coordination and integration of Operation, Maintenance, Pipeline, Engineering, Safety, Telecommunication and Logistic teams are demonstrated in order to get good results. Field activities like designing and assembling of spools and instrumentations necessary to execute a controlled pipeline liquid hydrocarbon take off are showed. Safety and environmental precautions to avoid equipment damage, uncontrolled operation or product leak to environment are demonstrated.

Modeling and Control Approach to Coupled Tanks Liquid Level System Based on Function-Type Weight RBF-ARX Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 692-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Xiaoyong Zeng ◽  
Xiaoying Tian ◽  
Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Level ◽  
Level System ◽  
Function Type ◽  
Arx Model ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
And Control

Divorce Reform in the Sharia Court of Appeals in Israel (1992-2003)

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Abou Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Control

In this article, I study Article 130 of the Ottoman Family Law, which is still applied in Israel, with special attention to developments within the Sharia Court of Appeals between the years 1992 and 2003. I argue that this Court has encouraged reform regarding the issue of niza wa-shiqāq (quarrel and disagreement). This reform has four main components. First, it entails a weakening of the patriarchal concept that limits a woman's role within Muslim society, her authority over her body, and her movements. Second, it eases the burden of proof by lowering evidentiary requirements. Third, it improves the procedure of arbitration by better defining the suitability of the arbitrators and supervising the methods of their work. Fourth, it enables the Sharia Court to nominate arbitrators and control their decisions. This reform has improved women's rights to divorce and has made divorce a relatively easy option. The reform also makes it easier for both men and women to obtain divorce, particularly as compared to other religious minorities in Israel.

Automatic liquid level indication and control using passive UHF RFID tags

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Atojoko ◽  
R. A. Abd-Alhameed ◽  
Y. Tu ◽  
F Elmegri ◽  
C. H. See ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Level ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Passive Uhf Rfid ◽  
And Control
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