Impact of Reactive Dye Structures on Dyeing Properties in Salt-Free Reactive Dyeing

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2716-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xu Teng ◽  
Jian Wei Shi ◽  
Shu Fen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Dyeing Properties ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Salt Addition ◽  
Cationic Cotton ◽  
Anionic Groups

The cationic cotton was obtained by pretreatment with tertiary amine cationic polyacrylamide, and dyed with various active groups reactive dyes in the absence of salt. The influences of reactive dye structures on dyeing properties were analyzed and the results showed that types of active groups in reactive dyes had little effect on dye exhaustion, but it was quite relative with dye reactivity and fixation. Reactive dyes with low molecular weight and more anionic groups were adsorbed more quickly on the cationic cotton and their adsorption time to reach adsorption equilibrium was shorter, compared with that with large molecular weight and less anionic groups. Moreover, exhaustion of reactive dyes with large molecular structures decreased due to sterically hindered effect in the salt-free dyeing. The results also displayed that the monochlorotriazine reactive dyes and the vinyl-sulfone ones were favorable to dye the cationic cotton without salt addition.

The Adsorption Character of Kapok Fiber and Reactive Dyeing Technology on Modified Kapok Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ding ◽  
Zaisheng Cai ◽  
Liming Wang ◽  
Yong Shen ◽  
Qunyan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Direct Dyes ◽  
Kapok Fiber ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Wash Fastness ◽  
Fixation Ratio

The adsorption character of kapok fiber with direct dyes and the dyeing technology of cationic modified kapok fiber with reactive dyes were studied in this article. The results indicate that the optimal dyeing technique parameters for the cationic modified kapok fiber with the reactive dye Cibacron FN-R include 0.5~1% (o.w.f) of dyes, 15~20g·L-1 of NaCl, and 2g·L-1 of JFC with bath ratio of 1:50 at a dyeing temperature of 40°C for 30min. The dyed kapok fiber was fixed with 15~20g·L-1 of Na2CO3 for 60min. As a result, the dye-uptake, fixation ratio, wash fastness, friction fastness, and K/S of cationic modified kapok fabric were enhanced by above technique.

Dyeing Properties of Warm-Dyeing Reactive Dyes for Viscose/Chitin Blend Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Hong Xian Zeng ◽  
Min Zhong Li ◽  
Ren Cheng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Viscose Fiber ◽  
Dyeing Properties ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Reactive Orange 16 ◽  
Viscose Fibers ◽  
Blend Fiber ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reactive Orange ◽  
Low Dosage

In this work, the dyeing properties of three warm-dyeing reactive dyes (C.I. Reactive Orange 16, Red 198 and Blue 222) for functional viscose/chitin blend fiber containing partially deacetylated chitin were investigated. Under all the dyeing conditions, reactive dyes exhibited higher exhaustion and fixation on viscose/chitin fiber than on conventional viscose fiber. The difference of dye exhaustion and fixation between viscose/chitin and viscose fibers became greater in the following cases: low to moderate dye concentration, low dyeing temperature, no alkali, the use of the dyes with low molecular weight, etc. The dependence of the exhaustion and fixation of reactive dyes on temperature on viscose/chitin fiber was less than that on viscose fiber. The reactive dyeing of viscose/chitin fiber required only a low dosage of sodium carbonate.

scholarly journals Studies on dyeing properties of chitosan modified cellulosic fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaye Dessie ◽  
Bethlehem Ashenafi ◽  
Helen Berhane ◽  
Hana Gashawbeza ◽  
Meron Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Fastness Properties ◽  
Dyeing Properties ◽  
Cellulosic Fiber ◽  
Conventional Sample ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents the possibility of salt free dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dye by treating the cotton with chitosan from fish scale and used as a salt for dyeing of cotton with reactive dye. Cellulosic fiber acquires negative charge in aqueous medium and thus repels negatively charged dye anion during dyeing. Such repulsion between fibre and dye is offset by using large quantity of salt in dye bath, particularly for reactive dyes. A low dye bath exhaustion also leads to low dye fixation of reactive dyes on cotton. Therefore the discharged wastewater from dye house creates avoidable environmental threats due to very high dye concentration. Hence, surface modification of cotton to increase dye-fibre interaction is thus the best route to overcome the lack of affinity of cotton to reactive dyes making salt-free reactive dyeing. In this investigation an attempt was made to modify cotton with chitosan extracted from fish scales. The chitosan modified cotton was dyed with reactive dye and compared with the conventional dyed cotton. The color strength of the modified cotton fabric was better than that of conventional sample which is 18.88 and 18.02 respectively. Better fastness properties were experienced in treated cotton sample than the ordinary sample. The fastness properties obtained were better than the conventional sample. From this investigation it was revealed that surface modification of cotton by treatment with chitosan provided better dyeing properties and it can be the best possibility for salt free dyeing of cotton.

Study on Cycle Dyeing Technology of Cotton Fabric with X-Reactive Dye

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
Xu Hao
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Dyeing Process

To increase the utilization of X-reactive dyes, reduce dyeing waste water, protect the environment and promote wider use of eco-dyeing technique, cycle technique was used to improve the reactive dyeing on cotton fabric. The results of experiment showed that hydrolysis X-reactive dye for one-bath-two-step dyeing can be effectively activated by activator in the residue and remains the original dye activity. The obtained results also indicated the cycle dyeing can be implemented 6 times by adding quantitative X-reactive dye, and dye used in cycle dyeing was less than that of the normal dyeing process. The K/S values, washing color fastness, rubbing fastness and breaking strength of the cycle dyeing sample changed a little in comparison with those of the conventional dyeing technology.

Application of Poly2-Methyl Acrylate-N-Methyl Pyridinium Iodide in Salt-Free Dyeing of Reactive Dyes

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 547-551
Author(s):  
Shu Hang Zhang ◽  
Hong Wei Li ◽  
Le Lv
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Acrylate ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Color Yield ◽  
Matching Performance ◽  
Cationic Cotton

Poly2-methyl acrylate-N-methyl pyridinium iodide (PMAMPI) was used as a new cationic agent to pretreat cotton with dip-pad-bake method. The pretreated cationic cotton showed electropositive in the process of dyeing with reactive dye. The thesis has studied the optimized process for salt-free dyeing conditions. In the optimized salt-free dyeing process, the cotton fabrics treated with PMAMPI showed a good performance compared to those in the process of traditional salt dyeing. The results showed that color yield and color fastness of the reactive dyes on the cationic cotton were satisfied. The three dyes with best color matching performance include reactive dark red WGE, reactive navy blue WTE and reactive golden yellow WRE.

scholarly journals Hetero-functional azo reactive dyes applied on cellulosic fabric and dyeing conditions optimization to enhance the dyeing properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502199671
Author(s):  
Umme Habibah Siddiqua ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
Shazia Muzaffar ◽  
Zinayyera Subhani ◽  
Munawar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Dyeing Properties ◽  
Dyeing Parameters ◽  
Cellulosic Fabric ◽  
Dyed Fabric

New dyestuff moieties are introduced in the textile industry to upgrade the quality and aesthetic properties of dyed fabric. To contribute to this research endeavor, the current project was conducted for the dyeing of cellulosic fabric via new hetero-functional reactive dyes R1 and R2 synthesized in our previous study. Optimization of different process variables (temperature, salt, and alkali concentration) and their interactive study for exhaust dyeing was explored and delineated based on a statistical tool response surface methodology. Results divulged that both dyes displayed maximum exhaustion and fixation at a temperature of 61.50°C on the cellulosic fabric. Reactive dye R1 exhibited 87.62 (±3) exhaustion and 82.85 (±3) fixation percentage at their optimum salt (29.07 g/L) and alkali (32.55 g/L) dosage while R2 displayed 81.50 (±3) exhaustion and 77.21 (±3) fixation at its optimized salt (32.55 g/L) and alkali concentrations (22.84 g/L). All process variables showed a positive and synergistic effect on the dyeing properties. Enhanced exhaustion and fixation percentage of R1 as compared to R2 may be accredited to greater planarity and less steric hindrance of R1. Both dyes presented superb color buildup showing good to excellent color fastness on cotton fabric. Future perspectives of the current study comprised the application and assessment of dyeing parameters of these new reactive dyes on polyester cotton (PC) fabric.

Using an N-vinylpyrrolidone co-polymer in reactive dye printing as an alternative to urea

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752098751
Author(s):  
Jie Min ◽  
Meng-ru Ding ◽  
Jin-xin He
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Printing And Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Color Yield ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Better Than

A series of water-soluble co-polymer (NS) from N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS) with a low molecular weight are synthesized as substitutes for urea in the reactive printing of cotton fabrics. The effects of the monomer ratio of NVP to SSS on the color yield of the printed fabrics, the color fastness, and the solubility of the reactive dyes were investigated. The possibility of using a flocculation treatment for printing wastewater was also evaluated. When the dosage of NS-02 (NVP:SSS=7:3) in the printing paste is 1.0 wt%, the color yield and the color fastness of the printed fabric are equivalent to or better than those obtained with 3.0 wt% urea. Compared with the traditional reactive printing with urea, the total nitrogen content in the wastewater after NS-02 is reduced to 15% of that using urea when treated with a suitable amount of inorganic flocculants. It meets the national discharge requirements for printing and dyeing wastewater. The study shows that a low-molecular-weight co-polymer (NS-02) has a high potential to replace urea for the printing of cotton fabric with reactive dyes.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis Of Vynyl Sulphone And BisMonochlorotriazine Reactive Groups Of Reactive Dyes

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Sanjida Sultana ◽  
Ummul Khair Fatema ◽  
Aminul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Standard Condition ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Reactive Groups ◽  
Colorimetric Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Reactive dyes contain different types of reactive groups which have different levels of sensitivity. Reactive dyeing is carried out by exhaust method on cotton knit fabric. A trichromatic combination is chosen containing vinylsulphone and bis-monochlorotriazine reactive groups. Dyeing of fabric is carried out with standard condition and variation of the conditions (electrolyte concentration, pH, exhaustion time, fixation time and M:L). Colorimetric data (DE*) is produced by comparing the difference between standard shade and the resulting shades by using spectrophotometer. Between the investigated reactive groups of reactive dye bismonochlorotriazine shows lower sensitivity in other terms higher robustness than vinyl sulphone.

The External Shape of Human γ GI Immunoglobulin from Crystal Sections

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
L. W. Labaw
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions ◽  
Crystallographic Axes

Crystals of a human γGl immunoglobulin have the external morphology of diamond shaped prisms. X-ray studies have shown them to be monoclinic, space group C2, with 2 molecules per unit cell. The unit cell dimensions are a = 194.1, b = 91.7, c = 51.6Å, 8 = 102°. The relatively large molecular weight of 151,000 and these unit cell dimensions made this a promising crystal to study in the EM.Crystals similar to those used in the x-ray studies were fixed at 5°C for three weeks in a solution of mother liquor containing 5 x 10-5M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, and 0.03% glutaraldehyde. They were postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for 15 min. and embedded in Maraglas the usual way. Sections were cut perpendicular to the three crystallographic axes. Such a section cut with its plane perpendicular to the z direction is shown in Fig. 1.This projection of the crystal in the z direction shows periodicities in at least four different directions but these are only seen clearly by sighting obliquely along the micrograph.

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