Deformation and Fracture Behavior of AISI 403 Stainless Steel for Nuclear Structural Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 460-467
Author(s):  
C. Gupta ◽  
J.K. Chakravartty ◽  
R.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Stable Crack Growth ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Structural Applications

The deformation and fracture behaviour of AISI 403, a tempered martensitic stainless steel for end fitting application of Pressurised heavy water reactor is being reported. The deformation behaviour studies entailed characterisation of tensile behaviour in the temperature range 77 - 873 K for the as recieved and the fine grained Nb modified variant of AISI 403. the study of elevated tensile behaviour in the two steels has been undertaken with the purpose of characterising the strain rate - temperature domain of the occurrence of dynamic strain aging (DSA) phenomenon. In both steels, while the temperature range for the manifestations of characteristic anomalies in the tensile curve due to DSA was observed within 523 - 673K, the strain domain for the fine grained Nb modfied variety was significantly higher as comapred with the as recievied variety. The low temperature tensile tests for the as recieved AISI 403 revealed the presence of Pseudo=alloy softening in the temperature range 273 - 193 K. The effect of high DBTT of the AISI 403 steel was shown by the fracture toughness tests in the J-integral format at room temperature that displayed significant scatter in smaples with high in-plane and out of plane constraint. Smaples with lower constraint showing stable crack growth were further tested at high temperature to obtain the temperature dependence of initiation fracture toughness and propagation touhgness. Within the DSA tempertaures a sharp decline in the fracture properties were observed. A mechanistic interpretation for the manifestations of the various observed phenomena is presented.

RA 321

Alloy Digest ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract RA 321 is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel commonly used for service in the 540 to 870 deg C (1000 to 1600 deg F) temperature range. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as machining. Filing Code: SS-890. Producer or source: Rolled Alloys Inc.

Full-Scale Test on an Aged Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Lateral Connection: Results and Analysis

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Le Delliou ◽  
Georges Bezdikian ◽  
Pascal Ould ◽  
Nathalie Safa
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stable Crack Growth ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Lateral Connection

Some components (elbows, pump casings and lateral connections) of the primary loop of French PWRs are made of static cast duplex stainless steels. This kind of steel may age even at relatively low temperatures (in the temperature range of PWR service conditions), depending on the material composition. An important consequence of this ageing process is the decrease in the ductility and fracture toughness of the material. It is feared that an embrittlement, associated with the occurrence of casting defects, may increase the risk of failure. Therefore, an extensive programme has been launched by EDF in co-operation with Framatome ANP, in order to determine acceptability criteria for operating cast stainless steel components. This programme relies on a large R&D effort, involving metallurgical studies, large-scale experiments, development of specific finite element tools and J-estimation schemes, and research of methods to assess the ageing state of in-service components. This paper presents the main characteristics and results of an experiment conducted on an aged cast 45 degree lateral connection. This connection contained a machined notch at the acute corner and was tested under internal pressure. The chemical composition was chosen to obtain a fast thermal ageing and low fracture toughness properties. During the test, the defect initiated and grew subsequently by ductile tearing. The test showed that it was possible to obtain a significant amount of stable crack growth (about 2.5 mm) despite the low toughness properties of the aged material. The pressure reached at the end of the test was about twice the in-service pressure. A detailed fracture mechanics analysis, based on finite element calculations, was performed. These calculations fairly simulated the overall behaviour of the tested structure, gave a conservative prediction of the crack initiation pressure and well predicted the crack size associated with the maximum pressure. These tests and their detailed analyses contribute to validate and justify the methodology used in the integrity assessment of in-service cast duplex stainless steel components.

Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Superior Nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Lydia Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Fine Microstructure

Lightweight ultra-fine grained (<1 μm size) SiC-ZrO2(3Y2O3) composites, with a combination of high hardness, high bending strength and high fracture toughness, were successfully prepared by high energy mechanical milling followed by heat treatment. The SiC-ZrO2(3Y2O3) composites exhibitied high hardness (1707 MPa), high bending strengh (as high as 1689 MPa) and high fracture toughness (up to approximately 12.6 MPa.m1/2). Such a combination of mechanical properties was attributed to the fine microstructure with a distinct feature consisting of almost continuous network of ZrO2(3Y2O3) phase around SiC grains, or we call harmonic microstructure. It has been demonstrated that a combination of these unique microstructural characteristics was very effective in supressing the initiation of cracks and governing the path of their subsequent growth during fracture, leading to excellent combination of mechanical properties.

Evaluation of Fracture Toughness Distribution in Ceramic-Metal Functionally Graded Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Tohgo ◽  
Hiroyasu Araki ◽  
Yoshinobu Shimamura
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Stable Crack Growth ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Conventional Tests

This paper deals with evaluation of fracture toughness in functionally graded materials (FGMs) consisting of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) and austenitic stainless steel SUS 304. FGMs and non-graded composites (non-FGMs) with fine and coarse microstructures are fabricated by powder metallurgy using PSZ and two kinds of SUS 304 powders. The fracture toughness is determined by conventional tests for several non-FGMs with each material composition and by a method utilizing stable crack growth for FGMs. Based on the experimental results, fracture mechanism, influences of microstructure on fracture toughness, and difference in fracture toughness between the FGMs and non-FGMs has been discussed.

Effects of Strain Rate and Microstructure on Fracture Toughness of Duplex Stainless Steels Under Hydrogen Charging Conditions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Bahrami ◽  
Anais Bourgeon ◽  
Mohamad Cheaitani
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Flaw Tolerance ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Ongoing Work

Failures of ferritic-austenitic stainless steel due to hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC) have been very costly and raised concerns regarding subsea system integrity, some of which remain unresolved. The susceptibility to HISC crack initiation shows a strong correlation with austenite spacing and tests performed on smooth samples have shown that coarse-grained microstructures, with large austenite spacing, such as in forgings, are more susceptible to HISC than fine grained structures, eg as in pipe [1]. In all reported failures, cracking has been independent of the presence of fabrication flaws, even though welds were typically present, and initiated at external stress concentrators, so the importance of flaws remains undetermined. There is no well established method for determining fracture toughness values applicable to flaws in duplex stainless steel in the presence of hydrogen and hence reliable data do not exist, leading to a lack of understanding of the criticality of flaws and whether fine austenite spacing provides any benefit in resistance to extension of flaws. This paper provides new data from fracture toughness tests conducted on duplex pipe and forging parent materials, to explore the effect of product type/ microstructure and strain rate on fracture toughness under active charging in seawater under cathodic polarisation. This is part of ongoing work aimed at the development of an engineering critical assessment (ECA) approach for assessing flaw tolerance under hydrogen charging conditions.

UHB STAINLESS 904L

Alloy Digest ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract UHB Stainless 904L is an extra-low-carbon, non-stabilized austenitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance in severe acids and acidic solutions. It is particularly suitable for structural applications in the chemical industry and other process industries. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-287. Producer or source: Uddeholm Aktiebolag.

Correlation between dislocation, grain boundary and interface of duplex SS in stress corrosion cracking(SCC)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
Wang Zheng-fang ◽  
Z.F. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Welding Thermal Cycle ◽  
Micro Analysis

The main purpose of this study highlights on the evaluation of chloride SCC resistance of the material,duplex stainless steel,OOCr18Ni5Mo3Si2 (18-5Mo) and its welded coarse grained zone(CGZ).18-5Mo is a dual phases (A+F) stainless steel with yield strength:512N/mm2 .The proportion of secondary Phase(A phase) accounts for 30-35% of the total with fine grained and homogeneously distributed A and F phases(Fig.1).After being welded by a specific welding thermal cycle to the material,i.e. Tmax=1350°C and t8/5=20s,microstructure may change from fine grained morphology to coarse grained morphology and from homogeneously distributed of A phase to a concentration of A phase(Fig.2).Meanwhile,the proportion of A phase reduced from 35% to 5-10°o.For this reason it is known as welded coarse grained zone(CGZ).In association with difference of microstructure between base metal and welded CGZ,so chloride SCC resistance also differ from each other.Test procedures:Constant load tensile test(CLTT) were performed for recording Esce-t curve by which corrosion cracking growth can be described, tf,fractured time,can also be recorded by the test which is taken as a electrochemical behavior and mechanical property for SCC resistance evaluation. Test environment:143°C boiling 42%MgCl2 solution is used.Besides, micro analysis were conducted with light microscopy(LM),SEM,TEM,and Auger energy spectrum(AES) so as to reveal the correlation between the data generated by the CLTT results and micro analysis.

WAUKESHA ALLOY 88

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract WAUKESHA METAL NO. 88 is a corrosion resistant nickel-base alloy compounded to run against stainless steel without galling or seizing. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-84. Producer or source: Waukesha Foundry Company. Originally published July 1963, revised February 1993.

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