Study on the Efficient Cognition of Disaster Prevention Signs for Library Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Yan Ran Chen ◽  
Li Chao Niu
Keyword(s):  
Site Investigation ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
A Site ◽  
Library Buildings

This paper is an research concentrated on the efficient cognition of disaster prevention signs for library buildings, considering the relevance between the domestic and foreign public buildings disaster and disaster prevention signs, with a site investigation and a questionnaire investigation of library public buildings. Proposals we raised for the efficient cognition of library public buildings in order to strengthen the design of the disaster prevention signs in the forms, details and humanization, improve and perfect the systematic settings of disaster prevention signs to achieve the effect of optimizing the efficient cognition of the disaster prevention signs.

Research on the Hierarchical Design of Disaster Prevention Sign System for Library Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 1873-1878
Author(s):  
Yan Ran Chen ◽  
Li Chao Niu
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Hierarchical Design ◽  
Cognitive Effect ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Sign System ◽  
Region Division ◽  
Library Buildings

This paper is based on the investigation of the current status of the disaster prevention signs for public buildings (such as libraries) and the analysis of relevance between disasters and the disaster prevention signs, puts forward new proposals for the design method of disaster prevention sign cognition system for public buildings through three aspects, the region division, the setting of level and the systematic design. With the introduction of zoning and the combination to the grade-level of library buildings, the method is raised to set the level of disaster prevention sign system to ensure the efficacy and economy of the signs. As to the disaster prevention signs itself, reinforced on the design of disaster prevention sign system in the forms, details and humanistic aspects, can observably improve the design of the sign system and achieve the unity, continuity and systematicness of the disaster prevention sign system, which can also optimize and improve the cognitive effect of the disaster prevention signs finally.

Deep sampling and testing in soft stratified clay

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon James Cummings ◽  
Vinayagamoorthy Sivakumar ◽  
Isaac Gregg Doran ◽  
Jim Graham
Keyword(s):  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Anisotropic Elasticity ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
A Site ◽  
Triaxial Compression Tests

A 37-m thick layer of stratified clay encountered during a site investigation at Swann's Bridge, near the sea-coast at Limavady, Northern Ireland, is one of the deepest and thickest layers of this type of material recorded in Ireland. A study of the relevant literature and stratigraphic evidence obtained from the site investigation showed that despite being close to the current shoreline, the clay was deposited in a fresh-water glacial lake formed approximately 13 000 BP. The 37-m layer of clay can be divided into two separate zones. The lower zone was deposited as a series of laminated layers of sand, silt, and clay, whereas the upper zone was deposited as a largely homogeneous mixture. A comprehensive series of tests was carried out on carefully selected samples from the full thickness of the deposit. The results obtained from these tests were complex and confusing, particularly the results of tests done on samples from the lower zone. The results of one-dimensional compression tests, unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests, and consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests showed that despite careful sampling, all of the specimens from the lower zone exhibited behaviour similar to that of reconstituted clays. It was immediately clear that the results needed explanation. This paper studies possible causes of the results from tests carried out on the lower Limavady clay. It suggests a possible mechanism based on anisotropic elasticity, yielding, and destructuring that provides an understanding of the observed behaviour.Key words: clay, laminations, disturbance, yielding, destructuring, reconstituted.

The Difficulties of Undertaking Site Characterisation on Operational Nuclear Licensed Sites

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Booth ◽  
Robert Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Safety Cases ◽  
Site Characterisation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Ground Contamination

Undertaking site investigation on nuclear licensed sites is very different to site investigation on other sites, even those which are heavily contaminated. This paper sets out to highlight some of the issues which need to be considered when formulating a fit for purpose, yet defensible site characterisation programme on such a site. The first and most important aspect of the work is to set out clearly your objectives. There may be a number of reasons why a site investigation is being undertaken. These could include purely fulfilling your site licence conditions as an operator or they could be more specific like supporting a defined de-licensing or decommissioning project, installing a monitoring network, or determining the extent of ground contamination. Ensuring that a conceptual model exists is the next step, even if only at a preliminary stage, as this coupled with the desk study will help formulate the site characterisation programme. Logistical issues as well as technical requirements need to be factored in, but in order to maintain transparency it is important to declare the latter first. Like other sites with ground contamination, issues like sampling and analysis need to be considered. Clearance procedures on nuclear licensed sites are extremely stringent and can lead to delays. These need to be considered, especially if sending samples offsite for organics analysis. The laboratories themselves need to be licensed to handle radioactive samples and the transport regulations also need to be adhered to. Other logistical issues requiring consideration include safety cases, plant modification proposals and waste disposal. The technical side itself sets its own challenges in that decisions need to be closely linked into the logistics. Will the samples and data be collected primarily through intrusive techniques or is there a requirement to utilise non-intrusive methodology? How do you defend the proposed site sampling strategy when you have access restrictions? Do you need to have permanent monitoring facilities? These are just some of the questions which need to be answered if a site operator is to have a transparent and defensive site investigation programme on a nuclear licensed site.

Risk-Based Radiological Site Investigation and Assessment Methodology for the Sellafield Site, Cumbria, UK

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdi El-Ghonemy ◽  
Candida Lean ◽  
Alexander G. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval System ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
Identification Stage ◽  
A Site

A preliminary assessment of the Sellafield site in Cumbria was undertaken to provide the information for the hazard identification stage in the environmental risk assessment process. This preliminary investigation has been crucial to understanding the site’s history, the zones of potential risk and for the design of a site investigation. The formalised assessment strategy that has subsequently been developed by BNFL for the Sellafield study has drawn upon UK and international guidance to take into account the size of the site and the anticipated complexity of issues. The approach presented represents an advance on existing working practices in contaminated land investigations. The use of a generic list of Features, Events and Processes (FEPs) has been adopted to ensure the systematic and comprehensive appraisal of all relevant uncertainties and sources of risk. Proforma have also been developed to provide a data management and retrieval system that is transparent for quality assurance purposes. This unique approach facilitates the development of conceptual site models as new data become available during the site investigation. It also aids in the development and justification of alternative site conceptualisations and in the early identification of data and interpretative uncertainty.

Extended multivariate approach for uncertainty reduction in the assessment of undrained shear strength in clays

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Müller ◽  
Stefan Larsson ◽  
Johan Spross
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Undrained Shear Strength ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Strength Formula ◽  
A Site ◽  
Undrained Shear

Important features of the multivariate approach are discussed, and an extension to this approach is proposed whereby the total uncertainty in site investigation methods due to spatial averaging is assessed prior to its adoption. Results from a site investigation of spatially averaged values of undrained shear strength ([Formula: see text]) and the corresponding coefficient of variation ([Formula: see text]) in Veda sulphide clay were used as a practical illustration of the extended multivariate approach and provide a basis for discussion. The inherent variability and scales of fluctuation for different methods are presented. The study shows the usefulness of the extended multivariate approach for the evaluation of representative values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] based on results from different methods. It is also a way of implicitly reducing the transformation errors that arise when a property is derived from measurement results. Nevertheless, considerable care must be taken as a much lower COV for one method will have a significant impact on the results.

scholarly journals Operational analysis and safety audit for East York traffic network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Bhasin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Traffic Network ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
A Site ◽  
Road Safety Audit

Enhancing the quality of road travel is one of the main challenges present day traffic engineers and planners face. Travel delays cause loss of millions of person hours each year; and the economic toll of road accidents is staggering. Thus, engineers are always looking at opportunities for reducing delays and accidents. This project evaluates the operational and safety deficiency in a traffic network of nine intersections in the East York region and recommends appropriate and feasible corrective measures. The first phase of the project deals with the evaluation of traffic operations in the network, using simulation and optimization techniques, while the second phase encompasses a road safety audit that attempts to reduce crashes and fatalities. The study reveals that the majority of the intersections in the network are failing operationally, with level of service (LOS) F typical. Although a reduction in delays is achieved by optimization, no substantive improvement in LOS can be obtained by optimization alone. It is recommended that geometry and operations of the critical intersections be altered to enhance quality of service. Analysis of collection data was supported by a site investigation; recommendations for improving safety include relocating traffic signs, improving pavement condition and lighting and installing additional traffic control devices.

Site Descriptive Modeling as a Part of Site Characterization in Sweden: Concluding the Surface Based Investigations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Andersson ◽  
Kristina Skagius ◽  
Anders Winberg ◽  
Anders Stro¨m ◽  
Tobias Lindborg
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Rock Mechanics ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Site ◽  
Parameter Values

The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., SKB, is currently finalizing its surface based site investigations for the final repository for spent nuclear fuel in the municipalities of O¨sthammar (the Forsmark area) and Oskarshamn (the Simpevar/Laxemar area). The investigation data are assessed into a Site Descriptive Model, constituting a synthesis of geology, rock mechanics, thermal properties, hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry, transport properties and a surface system description. Site data constitute a wide range of different measurement results. These data both need to be checked for consistency and to be interpreted into a format more amenable for three-dimensional modeling. The three-dimensional modeling (i.e. estimating the distribution of parameter values in space) is made in a sequence where the geometrical framework is taken from the geological models and in turn used by the rock mechanics, thermal and hydrogeological modeling. These disciplines in turn are partly interrelated, and also provide feedback to the geological modeling, especially if the geological description appears unreasonable when assessed together with the other data. Procedures for assessing the uncertainties and the confidence in the modeling have been developed during the course of the site modeling. These assessments also provide key input to the completion of the site investigation program.

Analysis of the Disaster Prevention Marking System for Urban Public Building

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5263-5268
Author(s):  
Bo Song ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Zhong Mao He
Keyword(s):  
National Standards ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Sign System ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Evacuation Routes

The denseness of urban public buildings and the complication of the underground space spur the enhancement of disaster prevention and mitigation planning. As a result, for the urban public buildings around the densely populated area, the establishment of public buildings disaster prevention system in urban and the study on some related questions lay the basis of disaster prevention and mitigation. Since the concept of public building have the different definitions in the national standards and different types of buildings require different signs on disaster prevention, the category of public buildings has been redefined according to international normative standards. Furthermore, the research on the types, colors, sizes and position of disaster prevention signs has been done according to the internal, external of building and evacuation routes aspects. Finally, the basic functions of disaster prevention sign system in and around the buildings and the settings of the disaster prevention sign system of different types of public buildings are proposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document