The Device of the Automatic Backflow in Solar Water Heater-Temperature Control and Backflow for Pipe of Water Heater

2013 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xin Hao Li ◽  
Lu Kuan Ma ◽  
Wen Bo Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Recycle Water ◽  
Delay Effect ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Solar Water

Now in general use in solar water heater, there is a long pipeline between water heater and tap, we have to empty the stored cold water before we use the hot water; and usually the water cannot meet required temperature due to the heating delay effect, thus the water also should be emptied, which leads to a waste of water resources. In order to solve this water wastage, we propose a device which can help to control the temperature and backflow of the water in water heater. The device accomplishes backflow of cold water automatically under the effect of gravity, and refluxed water will be stored in the recycle-water tank, thus ensuring the result that the water temperature satisfies the requirement. After the recycle-water tank is full, it will trigger the buoy to control the relay switch, then the water pump start to work to force the water into the water heater tank. Thus, realizing the recycling of water. This device can significantly save water resources in domestic water, and it has a broad market prospect.

scholarly journals Design a Smart Faucet for Reducing the Water Wastage using IoT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1896-1901
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Ball Valve ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

Smart faucet aims to reduce the wastage of water that happened in the bathroom while using a solar water heater for a bath. It also prevents the hot water scalds due to high temperature in showers and hot water taps. It controls the hot water temperature by mixing required cold water to bring down to user-defined temperature. Users can set the temperature value in the control unit and switch it either by the switch or by using the mobile application using IoT. It takes time to reach hot water in tap from solar water heater due to long pipeline connections. So much water is wasted and time too. Users can switch the unit and make it ready for use before entering the bathroom by using the mobile application. Unless Coldwater stored in the hot water pipeline is underground water storage for recycling. Smart faucet uses NodeMCU as a controller, temperature sensor, motorized ball valves, solenoid valves, temperature knob and relays for switching the solenoid valves. NodeMCU is incorporated with the android application called ‘Blynk’. It receives and sends data to NodeMCU so that the user can monitor all the parameters like flow rate, temperature, the quantity of water used and control the unit from the mobile. The motorized ball valve is used to regulate the water flow rate. So that the ratio of hot water to cold water can be achieved. These adjustments are carried out by means of the control unit as per the decision taken according to the temperature sensor value. In the meantime, the temperature required by the user can be taken as input by means of a potentiometer. By considering the userdefined temperature and temperature sensor signal, the angle of hot water and cold-water ball valve will be modified automatically to achieve the required temperature. The solenoid valve will open and close the line for draining purposes and for use. It acts as a direction control valve. All the above processes will carry out simultaneously once the user switch ON the unit. Hence wastage of water will be stopped and valve automation is achieved.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Robert Hendron ◽  
Mark Eastment ◽  
Ed Hancock ◽  
Greg Barker ◽  
Paul Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, CO, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 35L∕s(75cfm), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark (Hendron, R., 2005 NREL Report No. 37529, NREL, Golden, CO). The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Solar Water Heater under the Libyan Climate Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ali. J. S. Alrafad ◽  
Abdihg S. Alrafad ◽  
Tarek. Hamad ◽  
Ahmed. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Heater ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Local Materials

In our modern societies, One of the main and simplest signature traits is hot water as a convenient and efficient way of life either for industrial and domestic purposes, however, obtaining hot water in most cases will be through fossil fuel either by direct burning for the fuel for heating or indirectly by using electricity that generated by fossil fuel. Using solar heaters will limit the in some extent the usage of fossil fuel. A flat solar water heater of (165 to 175) cm3 has been constructed to be used as a model for educational purposes. The solar heater is made of local materials consist of galvanized iron pipes, glass surfaces, wool insulation, aluminum frame, and fixed iron base. Moreover, Thermocouples, pyranometer, and an anemometer were used to test the performance of the heater in four days in May for the angle of inclination of the complex 320 is on the horizontal. In conclusion, the daily average efficiency was around 57%. The temperature in the tank is about  62 0C at noon, which is sufficient for home use throughout the day.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hendron ◽  
Mark Eastment ◽  
Ed Hancock ◽  
Greg Barker ◽  
Paul Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, Colorado, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR™ appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium (BSC) conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 75 cfm (35 l/s), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark [1]. The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.

Numerical Investigation of Thermal Separators Within the Evacuated Tubes of a Water-in-Glass Solar Water Heater

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Soopee ◽  
Abdel Anwar Hossen Khoodaruth ◽  
Anshu Prakash Murdan ◽  
Vishwamitra Oree
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Thermal Distribution ◽  
Evacuated Tubes

The effects of thermal separators within the evacuated tubes of a water-in-glass solar water heater (SWH) were numerically investigated using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS fluent. To validate the three-dimensional (3D) model, an experiment was performed for the passive operation of the SWH for a fortnight period, of which 3 h of recorded data was selected. The Boussinesq's approximation was employed, and the respective solar irradiance and ambient temperature profiles were incorporated. A maximum deviation of only 2.06% was observed between the experimental and numerical results. The model was then adapted for the case where thermal separators are inserted within the evacuated tubes of the SWH and both cases were run for two tilt angles, 10 deg and 40 deg. The temperature and velocity profiles within the evacuated tubes were analyzed alongside the temperature contours, thermal stratification, and overall thermal efficiency of the SWH. At a 40 deg tilt, without thermal separators, the flow streams within the evacuated tubes are restrained, and a chaotic thermal behavior was observed, thereby restricting thermal distribution to the water stored in the SWH tank. A lower tilt angle (10 deg) provided a more desirable thermal distribution. With thermal separators, however, the tilt angle preference was reversed. A faster and more uniform thermal distribution was achieved within the water tank, with a sizeable reduction in the thermal stratification at a 40 deg tilt. The overall thermal efficiency of the SWH was improved by 4.11% and 4.14% for tilt angles of 10 deg and 40 deg, respectively.

Second-Law Analysis of a Two-Phase Self-Pumping Solar Water Heater

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Walker ◽  
J. H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Total Entropy ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Entropy generated by operation of a two-phase self-pumping solar water heater under Solar Rating and Certification Corporation rating conditions is computed numerically in a methodology based on an exergy cascade. An order of magnitude analysis shows that entropy generation is dominated by heat transfer across temperature differences. Conversion of radiant solar energy incident on the collector to thermal energy within the collector accounts for 87.1 percent of total entropy generation. Thermal losses are responsible for 9.9 percent of total entropy generation, and heat transfer across the condenser accounts for 2.4 percent of the total entropy generation. Mixing in the tempering valve is responsible for 0.7 percent of the total entropy generation. Approximately one half of the entropy generated by thermal losses is attributable to the self-pumping process. The procedure to determine total entropy generation can be used in a parametric study to evaluate the performance of two-phase hot water heating systems relative to other solar water heating options.

scholarly journals Experimental and Modeling Dynamic Study of the Indirect Solar Water Heater: Application to Rabat Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Ouhammou Badr ◽  
Azeddine Frimane ◽  
Aggour Mohammed ◽  
Brahim Daouchi ◽  
Abdellah Bah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Temperature Output

The Indirect Solar Water Heater System (SWHS) with Forced Circulation is modeled by proposing a theoretical dynamic multi-node model. The SWHS, which works with a 1,91 m<sup>2</sup> PFC and 300 L storage tank, and it is equipped with available forced circulation scale system fitted with an automated sub-system that controlled hot water, is what the experimental setup consisted of. The system, which 100% heated water by only using solar energy. The experimental weather conditions are measured every one minute. The experiments validation steps were performed for two periods, the first one concern the cloudy days in December, the second for the sunny days in May; the average deviations between the predicted and the experimental values is 2 %, 5 % for the water temperature output and for the useful energy  are 4 %, 9 % respectively for the both typical days, which is very satisfied. The thermal efficiency was determined experimentally and theoretically and shown to agree well with the EN12975 standard for the flow rate between 0,02 kg/s and 0,2kg/s.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS WITH VARIOUS FLOW RATE OF WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Anupras Shukla ◽  
Pushpraj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Circular Pipe ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

In this paper, we are studying about solar water heater. The solar water heater are consisting of several components such as circular pipe, flexible pipe, and metallic container for water and circulating pump. We are analyzed the outlet temperatures of hot water using of various flow rate (in liters/ Minutes).

scholarly journals A small parabolic trough collector as a solar water heater: an experimental study in Ouargla region, Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamel Benmenine ◽  
Mokhtar Ghodbane
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Parabolic Trough Collector ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Average Consumption

This study aims to conduct an experimental thermal examination of a parabolic trough collector in Ouargla region at Algeria, which will be used as a solar water heater. The solar collector was manufactured and then experimentally tested, as its theoretical optical performance was estimated at 75.06%, while the values of its true thermal performance are 10.61, 10.68 and 8.85 % for 13 May, 14 May and 15 May. Although its thermal performance is somewhat low, the studied PTC is effective in heating the water, whereas, using a volumetric flow of 0.011 l/s, about 317 liters of water can be heated daily at 42°C, knowing that the daily average consumption of hot water in a typical house is 250 liters because the Ouargla region is strategically located that receives huge amounts of solar irradiance

scholarly journals Performance Modeling Comparison of a Solar Combisystem and Solar Water Heater

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Sustar ◽  
Jay Burch ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
System Size ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Heating Loads

As homes move toward zero energy performance, some designers are drawn toward the solar combisystem due to its ability to increase the energy savings as compared to solar water heater (SWH) systems. However, it is not trivial as to the extent of incremental savings these systems will yield as compared to SWH systems, since the savings are highly dependent on system size and the domestic hot water (DHW) and space heating loads of the residential building. In this paper, the performance of a small combisystem and SWH, as a function of location, size, and load, is investigated using annual simulations. For benchmark thermal loads, the percent increased savings from a combisystem relative to a SWH can be as high as 8% for a 6 m2 system and 27% for a 9 m2 system in locations with a relatively high solar availability during the heating load season. These incremental savings increase significantly in scenarios with higher space heating loads and low DHW loads.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document