Online Reviews' Trustworthiness Analysis Based on Power-Law Distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 3260-3267
Author(s):  
Qi Chang Yao ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Qi Ming Sun
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Power Exponent ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Consumer Reviews ◽  
Consumer Attention

In online shopping, studies on consumer reviews are mostly based on the Attitude Change Model. Illustrated from the perspective of perceived trustworthiness, however, it is not easy to measure and characterize the subjective perception of consumers. Starting from the inherent property of online reviews and based on the real data of 360buy which is the domestic large-scale B2C commerce website in China, this paper focuses on the interval distribution of consumer reviews and the data for statistical analysis. Research finds that the distribution of reviews interval can be depicted by the power-law function and there is a monotonically increasing relationship between power-exponent and the customers concerns with the commodity, the higher exponent, the attention consumer get. The findings give an objective basis to judge the credibility of online reviews. The relationship between power-exponent and the consumer attention has demonstrated the vital role of consumer attention in online shopping, and then the double parity between attention and exponent will effectively regulate the e-commerce market environment and promote its healthy operation. Tech Publications.

scholarly journals Phase Synchronization Stability of Non-Homogeneous Low-Voltage Distribution Networks with Large-Scale Distributed Generations

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Chen ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
Jingang Lai ◽  
Yiwei Zhou ◽  
Chang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Coupling Strength ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Critical Coupling ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Strength Formula ◽  
The Impact

The ideal distributed network composed of distributed generations (DGs) has unweighted and undirected interactions which omit the impact of the power grid structure and actual demand. Apparently, the coupling relationship between DGs, which is determined by line impedance, node voltage, and droop coefficient, is generally non-homogeneous. Motivated by this, this paper investigates the phase synchronization of an islanded network with large-scale DGs in a non-homogeneous condition. Furthermore, we explicitly deduce the critical coupling strength formula for different weighting cases via the synchronization condition. On this basis, three cases of Gaussian distribution, power-law distribution, and frequency-weighted distribution are analyzed. A synthetical analysis is also presented, which helps to identify the order parameter. Finally, this paper employs the numerical simulation methods to test the effectiveness of the critical coupling strength formula and the superiority over the power-law distribution.

scholarly journals Exploring the Citywide Human Mobility Patterns of Taxi Trips through a Topic-Modeling Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hui Xiong ◽  
Kaiqiang Xie ◽  
Lu Ma ◽  
Feng Yuan ◽  
Rui Shen
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

Understanding human mobility patterns is of great importance for a wide range of applications from social networks to transportation planning. Toward this end, the spatial-temporal information of a large-scale dataset of taxi trips was collected via GPS, from March 10 to 23, 2014, in Beijing. The data contain trips generated by a great portion of taxi vehicles citywide. We revealed that the geographic displacement of those trips follows the power law distribution and the corresponding travel time follows a mixture of the exponential and power law distribution. To identify human mobility patterns, a topic model with the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm was proposed to infer the sixty-five key topics. By measuring the variation of trip displacement over time, we find that the travel distance in the morning rush hour is much shorter than that in the other time. As for daily patterns, it shows that taxi mobility presents weekly regularity both on weekdays and on weekends. Among different days in the same week, mobility patterns on Tuesday and Wednesday are quite similar. By quantifying the trip distance along time, we find that Topic 44 exhibits dominant patterns, which means distance less than 10 km is predominant no matter what time in a day. The findings could be references for travelers to arrange trips and policymakers to formulate sound traffic management policies.

Self-Organized Critical Models

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. J. Newman ◽  
R. G. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Fitness Landscapes ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Edge Of Chaos ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Phenotype Space

The models discussed in the last chapter are intriguing, but present a number of problems. In particular, most of the results about them come from computer simulations, and little is known analytically about their properties. Results such as the power-law distribution of extinction sizes and the system's evolution to the "edge of chaos" are only as accurate as the simulations in which they are observed. Moreover, it is not even clear what the mechanisms responsible for these results are, beyond the rather general arguments that we have already given. In order to address these shortcomings, Bak and Sneppen (1993; Sneppen et al. 1995; Sneppen 1995; Bak 1996) have taken Kauffman's ideas, with some modification, and used them to create a considerably simpler model of large-scale coevolution which also shows a power-law distribution of avalanche sizes and which is simple enough that its properties can, to some extent, be understood analytically. Although the model does not directly address the question of extinction, a number of authors have interpreted it, using arguments similar to those of section 1.2.2.5, as a possible model for extinction by biotic causes. The Bak-Sneppen model is one of a class of models that show "self-organized criticality," which means that regardless of the state in which they start, they always tune themselves to a critical point of the type discussed in section 2.4, where power-law behavior is seen. We describe self-organized criticality in more detail in section 3.2. First, however, we describe the Bak-Sneppen model itself. In the model of Bak and Sneppen there are no explicit fitness landscapes, as there are in NK models. Instead the model attempts to mimic the effects of landscapes in terms of "fitness barriers." Consider figure 3.1, which is a toy representation of a fitness landscape in which there is only one dimension in the genotype (or phenotype) space. If the mutation rate is low compared with the time scale on which selection takes place (as Kauffman assumed), then a population will spend most of its time localized around a peak in the landscape (labeled P in the figure).

The Geographic Dispersal of Visitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tay T.R. Koo ◽  
Pong-Lung Lau ◽  
Larry Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Power Exponent ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Using Data ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
Geographic Dispersal

This article aims to examine the conjecture that geographic dispersal of visitors follows the power law using data on international visitors’ spatial distribution in Australia. Our finding suggests that as tourism market matures, the pattern of tourist dispersal tends to converge toward a specific power law distribution. The article provides estimates of this unique power exponent for each country and tracks its temporal evolution using a novel method. One of the key implications for sustainable destination management is that for continued tourism growth, large destinations need a large number of small peripheral destinations. Our findings also shed light on the rich research literature that is fundamental in developing a power law–based theory to guide our understanding of the mechanics underpinning the spatial evolution of tourism.

scholarly journals Large scale analysis of violent death count in daily newspapers to quantify bias and censorship

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
marco casolino
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Editorial Bias ◽  
Fascist Regime

Abstract Editorial bias and censorship can be quantified studying how the occurrence of the word ‘killed’ (‘morti’ in Italian) changes over time and reported location. To this purpose, we have analyzed the complete online archives of the major US newspaper (The New York Times - NYT) and the three major Italian ones (Il Corriere della Sera - CDS, La Repubblica - REP, La Stampa - STA). After 1960 we find a common trend of decreasing coverage given to violent events in all three Italian newspapers (NYT is more stable), opposite to the growing perceived threat of violence in Italy. In all Italian newspapers we also find that the female/male ratio is about 30% and roughly constant over the years, with only La Repubblica showing an increase of reporting of female deaths of about 3% /year . Even accounting for the lower female casualty rate, especially in work-related accidents, this hints to the presence of some gender bias in the reporting of violent deaths. Historically, we show evidence of censorship in Italian newspapers during WW1 and Italian Fascist regime and estimate that in the period 1923-1943 ’ 57,000 articles (75%) featuring domestic deaths were censored in Italy. We also find that the number of casualties is often (up to 26%) artificially increased to the next multiple of 5 or 10 to emphasize the importance of the article. The only exception to this editorial practice is found in domestic articles by Italian newspapers during the Fascist regime, another effect of censorship trying to downplay domestic casualties. Furthermore, we find that in all newspapers, the distribution Nk of the number of articles involving k persons killed is described by a power law Nk =A*k^(-γ) for 2≤k≤1E6. The value of γ decreases in wartime and increases in peacetime and reflecting how the state of belligerence of a country is being reported. In foreign events, editorial bias results in a break of the power law for 2≤k≤10 resulting in up to 100% articles missing in comparison to what would be expected by a pure power law distribution, which describes the distribution of all domestic articles. The suppression of low casualties articles grows with geographical distance from the publishing nation with a rate higher by a factor 5 in the Italian newspapers than in NYT and by a factor 2 - 4 when considering only countries in Europe (for the Italian newspapers) or America (for NYT), sign that the geographical distance plays a strong role when reporting among countries that share common social traits. These techniques can be be applied in a wider context, e.g. toward specific ethnic groups and contribute to quantitatively assess the freedom of press in a given country.

scholarly journals A pan-cancer signature of neutral tumor evolution

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sottoriva ◽  
Trevor Graham
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Data ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Multiple Tumor

Despite extraordinary efforts to profile cancer genomes on a large scale, interpreting the vast amount of genomic data in the light of cancer evolution and in a clinically relevant manner remains challenging. Here we demonstrate that cancer next-generation sequencing data is dominated by the signature of growth governed by a power-law distribution of mutant allele frequencies. The power-law signature is common to multiple tumor types and is a consequence of the effectively-neutral evolutionary dynamics that underpin the evolution of a large proportion of cancers, giving rise to the abundance of mutations responsible for intra-tumor heterogeneity. Importantly, the law allows the measurement, in each individual cancer, of the in vivo mutation rate and the timing of mutations with remarkable precision. This result provides a new way to interpret cancer genomic data by considering the physics of tumor growth in a way that is both patient-specific and clinically relevant.

scholarly journals Hierarchy and the Power-Law Income Distribution Tail

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Fix
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Distribution Tail ◽  
Firm Hierarchy

What explains the power-law distribution of top incomes? This paper tests the hypothesis that it is firm hierarchy that creates the power-law income distribution tail. Using the available case-study evidence on firm hierarchy, I create the first large-scale simulation of the hierarchical structure of the US private sector. Although not tuned to do so, this model reproduces the power-law scaling of top US incomes. I show that this is purely an effect of firm hierarchy. This raises the possibility that the ubiquity of power-law income distribution tails is due to the ubiquity of hierarchical organization in human societies.

scholarly journals POWER-LAW DISTRIBUTIONS BASED ON EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTIONS: LATENT SCALING, SPURIOUS ZIPF'S LAW, AND FRACTAL RABBITS

Fractals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550009 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANGUANG CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Power Exponent ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Exponential Distributions ◽  
Real Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
Dimension Space ◽  
Power Law Distributions

The difference between the inverse power function and the negative exponential function is significant. The former suggests a complex distribution, while the latter indicates a simple distribution. However, the association of the power-law distribution with the exponential distribution has been seldom researched. This paper is devoted to exploring the relationships between exponential laws and power laws from the angle of view of urban geography. Using mathematical derivation and numerical experiments, I reveal that a power-law distribution can be created through a semi-moving average process of an exponential distribution. For the distributions defined in a one-dimension space (e.g. Zipf's law), the power exponent is 1; while for those defined in a two-dimension space (e.g. Clark's law), the power exponent is 2. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the exponential distributions suggest a hidden scaling, but the scaling exponents suggest a Euclidean dimension. Second, special power-law distributions can be derived from exponential distributions, but they differ from the typical power-law distributions. Third, it is the real power-law distributions that can be related with fractal dimension. This study discloses an inherent link between simplicity and complexity. In practice, maybe the result presented in this paper can be employed to distinguish the real power laws from spurious power laws (e.g. the fake Zipf distribution).

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