Grafted Methyl Methacrylate and Butyl Methacrylate onto Natural Rubber Foam for Oil Sorbent

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arissara Ratcha ◽  
Boonyawan Yoosuk ◽  
Suwadee Kongparakul
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Oil Sorbent ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

NR foam was modified via graft copolymerization with oleophilic monomer such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) or butyl methacrylate (BMA). Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA) were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The average particle size of PMMA and PBMA emulsion were 58.7±5.3 nm and 57.6±0.8 nm, respectively. The effect of PMMA or PBMA emulsion loading onto NR foam was studied over the range 0.05 2.0 phr. The functionality of modified NR foam was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal properties of modified NR foam were confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed two step degradations which were attributed to natural rubber and PMMA or PBMA contents. The modified NR foam could quickly absorb gasoline and organic solvent such as toluene and xylene, which found in petroleum product. The maximum oil absorbency (gram of absorbency per gram of foam) of gasoline, diesel, engine oil, toluene and xylene were achieved at 9.95, 8.37, 6.01, 11.81 and 10.96, respectively. Modified NR foam had high oil absorption capacity, reusability, easy to use and good environmental friendly. It can be used as an alternative sorbent material for oil spill cleanup.

Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and vinyltriethoxysilane binary monomers onto natural rubber

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuong Nghiem Thi ◽  
Ha Cao Hong ◽  
Yusof Nurul Hayati ◽  
Seiichi Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Graft Copolymerization

scholarly journals Mechanical activation in utilising milling byproducts: a way to improve effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 07012
Author(s):  
Nataliya Lesnikova ◽  
Olga Chugunova ◽  
Valentina Lapina ◽  
Tatiana Kotova ◽  
Ekaterina Pastushkova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Centrifugal Mill ◽  
Baked Products ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
Ground Wheat

The study focuses on obtaining the finely ground wheat germ flour mix by employing dry mechanical activation. During the study, wheat germ is ground using DESI-11 disintegrator and mechanically activated in PM-10 centrifugal mill with the rotor speed of 1050 rpm. According to the study findings, the finely ground wheat germ flour mix obtained by dry mechanical activation possesses increased bulk density and improved water absorption capacity when compared to the product obtained from wheat germ without mechanical activation applied. The average particle size is reduced from 114 μm to 52 μm. The study findings indicate that obtaining the finely ground wheat germ flour mix by dry mechanical activation prevents the occurrence of the caking effect as well as improves the quality of baked products.

scholarly journals Improvement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Vietnam Deproteinized Natural Rubber via Graft Copolymerization with Methyl Methacrylate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thi Nhan Nguyen ◽  
Hieu Nguyen Duy ◽  
Dung Tran Anh ◽  
Thuong Nghiem Thi ◽  
Thu Ha Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Deproteinized Natural Rubber

In this study, we investigated the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties of Vietnam deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) via graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The graft copolymerization was achieved successfully in latex stage using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHPO) and tetra-ethylenepentamine (TEPA) as radical initiators at 30°C. By grafting with various MMA feeds and initiator concentration of 6.6×10−5 mol/g-rubber, the highest grafting efficiency and conversion were achieved at MMA of 15 wt.% per kg of rubber, 68% and 90%, respectively. The structure of grafted copolymers was characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR-ATR, and GPC, and thermal properties were investigated through DSC and TGA measurements. These showed that graft copolymers were more stable and rigid than DPNR. Storage modulus (G′) of graft copolymer was found to double that of DPNR, which contributed to the formation of graft copolymer. After sulfur vulcanization, the mechanical properties of DPNR-graft-PMMA, such as tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness, were improved significantly. Curing behaviors of the graft copolymers were found to be remarkably better than virgin DPNR.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Ultra-Fine Oil Palm Ash Powder by Ultrasonication and Alkaline Treatment for Its Evaluation as Reinforcing Filler in Natural Rubber

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Methakarn Jarnthong ◽  
Chutarat Malawet ◽  
Lusheng Liao ◽  
Puwang Li ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Oil Palm Ash

Ultra-fine oil palm ash (OPA) particles were successfully prepared using ultrasonication along with optimal chemical deagglomeration. The influence of chemical treatment by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution on the OPA particles was found to be an important factor in enhancing deagglomeration efficiency. The average particle size of the original OPA (41.651 μm) decreased remarkably more than 130 times (0.318 μm) with an obvious increase of Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area after treating the OPA with 3M NaOH, followed by ultrasonication for 30 min. The changes in particle size and surface morphology were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the chemical functional groups of the untreated and treated OPA showed different patterns of infrared spectra by the presence of sodium carbonate species owing to the effect of NaOH treatment. The incorporation of both untreated and treated OPA in natural rubber by increasing their loading can improve cure characteristics (i.e., reducing optimum cure time and increasing torques) and cure kinetic parameters (i.e., increasing the rate of cure and reducing activation energy). Nevertheless, the strength, degree of reinforcement, and thermal stability of treated OPA as well as wettability between treated OPA particles and NR were greater than that resulting from the untreated OPA.

Modification of Epoxy Resin Using Liquid Natural Rubber

2006 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Zainol ◽  
Mohamad Ibrahim Ahmad ◽  
Fadzil Ayad Zakaria ◽  
Anita Ramli ◽  
Haslan Fadli Ahmad Marzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Liquid Natural Rubber ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modified Epoxy

The cure process and the mechanical properties of liquid polymethylmethacrylate grafted natural rubber (LMG30) modified epoxy have been studied. Addition of LMG30 significantly increased the fracture toughness and the impact strength of the epoxy resin. The fracture toughness increased up to 22 fold (17.3 MNm-3/2) when modified with 5 phr LMG30. The glass transition temperature however, decreases as the rubber content increases. The SEM analysis shows uniform dispersion of rubber particles within the epoxy matrix with average particle size between 0.4 to 0.8 0m in diameter.

scholarly journals Graft Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Vinyltriethoxysilane onto Natural Rubber

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Tensile Property ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Grafting Efficiency

Preparation and characterization of natural rubber grafted with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and vinytriethoxysilane (VTES) were performed in the present work. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacryate was carried out in latex stage, and VTES was added during the graft copolymerization of MMA. FTIR and NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the structure of graft copolymer and determination of conversion and grafting efficiency of MMA. It confirmed that the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silica particles (PVTES) were successfully formed in NR-graft-PMMA-PVTES graft copolymer. Conversions of MMA were about 90-100%; however, MMA grafting efficiency decreased as the MMA concentrations increased. Tensile property of NR-graft-PMMA-PVTES was found to improve compared with that of pure NR.

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