scholarly journals Mechanical activation in utilising milling byproducts: a way to improve effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 07012
Author(s):  
Nataliya Lesnikova ◽  
Olga Chugunova ◽  
Valentina Lapina ◽  
Tatiana Kotova ◽  
Ekaterina Pastushkova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Centrifugal Mill ◽  
Baked Products ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
Ground Wheat

The study focuses on obtaining the finely ground wheat germ flour mix by employing dry mechanical activation. During the study, wheat germ is ground using DESI-11 disintegrator and mechanically activated in PM-10 centrifugal mill with the rotor speed of 1050 rpm. According to the study findings, the finely ground wheat germ flour mix obtained by dry mechanical activation possesses increased bulk density and improved water absorption capacity when compared to the product obtained from wheat germ without mechanical activation applied. The average particle size is reduced from 114 μm to 52 μm. The study findings indicate that obtaining the finely ground wheat germ flour mix by dry mechanical activation prevents the occurrence of the caking effect as well as improves the quality of baked products.

Synthesis of Nano-Sized Barium Titanate Powder by Rotary-Hydrothermal Process

2009 ◽  
Vol 421-422 ◽  
pp. 269-272
Author(s):  
Takashi Kubo ◽  
Masayuki Hogiri ◽  
Hiroshi Kagata ◽  
Atsushi Nakahira
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Water System ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Faceted Particles

Nano-sized BaTiO3 powders with narrow size distribution and the high tetragonality were attempted to synthesize by the rotary-hydrothermal process in water system, using two kinds of commercial anatase-type TiO2 (ST21/ST01) with different particle size and Ba(OH)2. The rotary-hydrothermal syntheses were done with the rotary-speed of 20 revolutions per minute at 523 K for 24 h. Highly- and mono-dispersed BaTiO3 powders were successfully synthesized by applying the rotary-hydrothermal process. For rotary-hydrothermal synthesis, it was found that the average size, tetragonality, and quality of the BaTiO3 particle strongly depended on the particle size of the starting material. In the case of using ST01 as a starting material, BaTiO3 nano-powders mainly composed of coarse-faceted particles (average particle size = ca.100 nm) with the tetragonal phase and very little lattice defects were successfully synthesized.

scholarly journals Effect of mechanical activation duration on combustion parameters of Al-Mg-based high-energy systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 00013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Sokolov ◽  
Yana Dubkova ◽  
Alexander Vorozhtsov ◽  
Valery Kuznetsov ◽  
Vladimir Promakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Combustion Heat

The paper studies dispersion, oxidation degree, burning rate and combustion heat in high-energy mixtures obtained from of Al-Mg powder materials depending on the duration of mechanical activation in a planetary mill. According to dispersion analysis by laser diffraction method, 3 h mechanical activation gives Al-Mg particles with average particle size of 30 μm compared to 180 μm particles obtained after 2 h activation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to record TG/DSC curves and measure burning rate and combustion heat for synthesized powders in comparison with engineered Al-Mg powder PAM−4 (Novosverdlovsk Metallurgical Company, Yekaterinburg, Russia). It has been found that the injection of 6 h mechanically activated Al-Mg powder into high-energy compositions leads to 24 and 45% increase of burning rate and combustion heat compared to the compositions without additive.

scholarly journals Technological evaluation of bentonite suspension obtained using hydromechanical method

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
А.В. Сильвестров ◽  
В.А. Загоруйко ◽  
Н.Б. Чаплыгина ◽  
В.В. Рыжков ◽  
М.В. Ермихина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Stability ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Hydrodynamic Method ◽  
Bentonite Suspension ◽  
Technological Evaluation

Изучены физико-химические свойства суспензии бентонита, полученной гидромеханическим способом в сравнении с традиционным. Представлены результаты исследований по обеспечению стабильности винодельческой продукции против необратимых коллоидных помутнений при применении суспензии бентонита, приготовленной гидромеханическим способом. Установлено, что суспензия бентонита, приготовленная гидродинамическим способом при частоте вращения ротора 2980 об/мин. в течение 5 мин. и средним размером частиц от 8 до 10 мкм, позволяет значительно повысить качество обработки виноматериалов и достичь высоких показателей их стабильности, а также снизить объем образующихся осадков до 10 процентов. Результаты технологической оценки суспензии бентонита, полученной на экспериментальной установке, положены в основу определения режимных и конструктивных параметров оборудования для приготовления растворов и суспензий вспомогательных материалов в виноделии. Physicochemical properties of bentonite suspension obtained using hydromechanical method in comparison with traditional one have been studied. The results of studies on providing the wine product stability against nonreversible colloidal haze in applying bentonite suspension prepared using hydromechanical method are presented. It was found that bentonite suspension prepared using hydrodynamic method at a rotor speed of 2980 rpm during 5 minutes and an average particle size of 8 to 10 µm, can significantly improve the quality of processing base wines, achieve high stability level and reduce the amount of sediment by up to 10 percent. The results of technological evaluation of bentonite suspension obtained using experimental unit are the basis for determining the operating and design parameters of equipment for preparation of solutions and suspensions of auxiliary materials in winemaking.

Preparation and Characterization of Novel Acrylate Emulsiones with Ketone-Hydrazide Crosslinking Structure Based on Application of Reactive Emulsifier

2013 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Chong Zhe Zhong ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Ying Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Coagulation Rate ◽  
Emulsifier System ◽  
Core Shell Structure

Polyacrylate emulsions (PAs) with core-shell structure were prepared by semi-continuous emulsion polymerization with diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) and adipic dihydrazide (ADH) as crosslinkable monomers and compound emulsifier system of SDS/0P-21/MS-1, reactive emulsifier NRS-10 as emulsifier respectively. The polyacrylate emulsion with keto-hydrazide crosslinking was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), FTIR analyses demonstrated that the keto-hydrazide crosslinking reaction occur in the emulsion. The properties of both emulsions and films were tested by size analysis, viscosity analysis and others. The results showed that the average particle size with reactive emulsifier system of around 93 nm, coagulation rate of around 0.81% and water absorption rate of around 6.7% and the quality of polyacrylate emulsion with reactive emulsifier system was excellent.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF PROCESS OF NATURAL GRAPHITE SPHEROIDIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Tatiana F. Yudina ◽  
Valeryan N. Blinichev ◽  
Iliya V. Bratkov ◽  
Tatiana V. Gushchina ◽  
Aleksey G. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Natural Graphite ◽  
Graphite Particles ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Spherical Graphite ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the process of spheroidization of natural graphite powders on an original impact-reflecting mill with internal separation of particles was investigated. It was established that the process of spheroidization of natural graphite by impact depends both on the intensity and duration of mechanical activation. For the type of mill used, the critical linear velocity of the impact elements of the mill rotor, at which the graphite particles can be spheroidized, is 45 m/s. An increase in the linear rotational speed of the mill (intensity of impact) leads to a decrease in the average particle size, an increase in particle roundness, but significantly increases product losses. In the process of mechanical activation by impact, it is possible to increase the coefficient of roundness of the graphite particles to an average value of 0.8-0.9, which leads to compaction of graphite powders. The presence of ash impurities has a negative effect on the ability of natural graphite powders to compact. A mechanism is proposed for the process of spheroidization of graphite particles in a shock-reflecting mill. According to the proposed mechanism, at first, small-sized graphite plates are detached and deformed due to impact. As the free energy accumulates, agglomeration of deformed particles into spheres takes place. With increasing processing time, the surface of the particles is smoothed due to their friction with each other and against the wall of the mill. Powders of spherical graphite obtained by the proposed method have shown the possibility of their use as an anode material of lithium-ion batteries. The type of equipment investigated has made it possible to reduce the required number of pieces of equipment from 20 to 12 impact mills per line in comparison with foreign analogues. For citation: Yudina T.F., Blinichev V.N., Bratkov I.V., Gushchina Т.V., Melnikov A.G. Investigation of process of natural graphite spheroidization. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 48-52

Grafted Methyl Methacrylate and Butyl Methacrylate onto Natural Rubber Foam for Oil Sorbent

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arissara Ratcha ◽  
Boonyawan Yoosuk ◽  
Suwadee Kongparakul
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Oil Sorbent ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

NR foam was modified via graft copolymerization with oleophilic monomer such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) or butyl methacrylate (BMA). Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA) were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The average particle size of PMMA and PBMA emulsion were 58.7±5.3 nm and 57.6±0.8 nm, respectively. The effect of PMMA or PBMA emulsion loading onto NR foam was studied over the range 0.05 2.0 phr. The functionality of modified NR foam was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal properties of modified NR foam were confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed two step degradations which were attributed to natural rubber and PMMA or PBMA contents. The modified NR foam could quickly absorb gasoline and organic solvent such as toluene and xylene, which found in petroleum product. The maximum oil absorbency (gram of absorbency per gram of foam) of gasoline, diesel, engine oil, toluene and xylene were achieved at 9.95, 8.37, 6.01, 11.81 and 10.96, respectively. Modified NR foam had high oil absorption capacity, reusability, easy to use and good environmental friendly. It can be used as an alternative sorbent material for oil spill cleanup.

scholarly journals Synthesis and application of amorphous magnesium silicate in sample preparation for analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Nhu Quynh ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Quy ◽  
Nguyen Anh Mai
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Magnesium Chloride Solution

Magnesium silicate, one of silicate materials, is widely used as adsorbent for sample cleanup in solid phase extraction as well as color reducing agent in the industry of sugar, paint, paper, ... In this research, magnesium silicate is synthesized by precipitation method. The synthesis process was optimized by experimental design with quadratic orthogonal experimental method. The optimal reaction conditions are as follows: the mole ratio of sodium silicate/magnesium chloride = 1:1, the speed of stirring sodium silicate solution: 177 rpm, the added flow rate of magnesium chloride solution: 3.86 mL/min, drying temperature: 98oC. In addition, it takes at least 6 hours to eliminate water adsorption at this temperature. The product has amorphous structure with average particle size of 116 m, surface area of 454 m2/g, and trioleate glyceryl absorption capacity of 110 mg/g. The efficiency in the removal of esters of glyceryl and fatty acids in hydrocarbons determination and the removal of matrix in the analysis of organochlorides are as good as that of commercial Florisil.  

scholarly journals Assessment of physical, microstructural, thermal, techno-functional and rheological characteristics of apple (Malus domestica) seeds of Northern Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehnaza Manzoor ◽  
Jagmohan Singh ◽  
Adil Gani
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emulsifying Capacity ◽  
Seed Flours

AbstractIn this research, two common apple seed cultivars Viz: ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) and ‘Red Delicious’ (RD) of Northern Himalayan region were characterized for physical, techno-functional, microstructure, thermal, and rheological properties. Seeds showed a significant difference in width, arithmetic, and geometric mean diameters, volume, and surface area. Proximate analysis results revealed that seed flours have high oil content (> 20%) and are potentially rich sources of protein (> 40%). Color analysis of flours indicated their satisfactory whiter color with higher brightness values (L* ˃ 75), resulting from the reduced particle size which allows greater light penetration and relatively lower a* (< 1.5) and b* (< 11) values. Techno-functional attributes including water/oil absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity, and emulsion stability were significantly higher in RD than GD flour. There was also a significant difference in the average particle size of seed flours. Flour micrographs indicated the presence of oval/spherical-shaped starch granules embedded in dense protein matrix while, Differential Scanning calorimeter (DSC) revealed exothermic transition enthalpies for seed flours. Additionally, seed flours depicted high elastic modulus (G′), suggesting their suitability for modifying food texture. It was concluded that apple seeds exhibit significant potential for use in formulating protein-enriched foods while contributing to reducing industrial wastage.

scholarly journals SELF-PROPELLED MIXER-DISTRIBUTOR SILOKING SELFLINE 4.0 PREMIUM 2215 TESTING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Postelga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Working Mechanism

The purpose of research: a comprehensive assessment of self-propelled mixer-dispenser Siloking SelfLine 4.0 Premium 2215 during operation. Research methods: establishment of design features of the mixer-dispenser was performed by the survey method of the sample submitted for testing, quality indicators of the machine were evaluated by standardized methods: quality of technological process according to GSTU 46.008, operational-technological indicators according to DSTU 8424, energy indicators according to SOU 74.3-37 -04604309-824, economic indicators according to DSTU 4397, indicators of safety and ergonomics according to KD 46.16.02.03, SOU 74.3-37-133. Research result.: During the mixing of 5 types of feed, a high-quality homogeneous feed mixture was obtained, the moisture content of which was 59.5%, the bulk density was 405 kg / m3, and the average particle size was 17.4 mm. The uniformity of feed mixing was 94.3 %, and the uniformity of feed distribution was 95.5 %. The degree of grinding of stem fodder was 1.4 times (for hay). The test results show that the mixer-dispenser satisfactorily and efficiently performs the specified process. The feed monolith is preserved after passing the cutting drum, no looseness of the feed slice is detected. Returned losses at the bottom of the silo do not exceed 1 %. The productivity of the mixer-dispenser for the technological process of loading, transportation, mixing and distribution of feed on a dairy farm with a population of 1600 heads is 10.6 t / h, the average productivity of feed loading is 28.6 t / h. (including silage -41 t / h; haylage 43.4 t / h), feed distribution capacity −116 t / h. Specific fuel consumption is 1.2 liters per ton of loaded, crushed, mixed and distributed feed. Labor costs for the implementation of the technological process is 0.09 man-hours / t, direct operating costs -91 UAH / t. Conclusions. Self-propelled mixer-dispenser Siloking SelfLine 4.0 Premium 2215 is a multifunctional machine that allows, with the involvement of only one operator, to ensure self-loading of components, preparation and distribution of quality feed to animals at a given diet. During self-loading the error of dosing of components by the mixer-distributor does not exceed 0,5% that allows to prepare a forage mix close to settlement. The self-loading milling working mechanism of the mixer-distributor provides an equal cut of a monolith of silage and haylage that allows to keep quality of consolidation and prevents losses of nutritiousness and power value of a forage. Self-propelled mixer-distributor is characterized by 1.5 - 2.1 times higher than trailed mixer-distributors productivity of the process as a whole, has a high enough productivity of self-loading components and distribution of feed, minimizes specific labor costs and fuel consumption per 1 tons of cooked and distributed feed.

Enhanced catalytic activity of low-Pt content nanocatalysts supported on hollow carbon spheres for the ORR in alkaline media

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (57-58) ◽  
pp. 2961-2972
Author(s):  
P.C. Meléndez-González ◽  
E. Garza-Duran ◽  
J.C. Martínez-Loyola ◽  
P. Quintana-Owen ◽  
I.L. Alonso-Lemus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Carbon Spheres ◽  
Hollow Carbon ◽  
Hollow Carbon Spheres

In this work, low-Pt content nanocatalysts (≈ 5 wt. %) supported on Hollow Carbon Spheres (HCS) were synthesized by two routes: i) colloidal conventional polyol, and ii) surfactant-free Bromide Anion Exchange (BAE). The nanocatalysts were labelled as Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B for polyol and BAE, respectively. The physicochemical characterization of the nanocatalysts showed that by following both methods, a good control of chemical composition was achieved, obtaining in addition well dispersed nanoparticles of less than 3 nm TEM average particle size (d) on the HCS. Pt/HCS-B contained more Pt0 species than Pt/HCS-P, an effect of the synthesis method. In addition, the structure of the HCS remains more ordered after BAE synthesis, compared to polyol. Regarding the catalytic activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in 0.5 M KOH, Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B showed a similar performance in terms of current density (j) at 0.9 V vs. RHE than the benchmark commercial 20 wt. % Pt/C. However, Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B demonstrated a 6 and 5-fold increase in mass catalytic activity compared to Pt/C, respectively. A positive effect of the high specific surface area of the HCS and its interactions with metal nanoparticles and electrolyte, which promoted the mass transfer, increased the performance of Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B. The high catalytic activity showed by Pt/HCS-B and Pt/HCS-P for the ORR, even with a low-Pt content, make them promising cathode nanocatalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFC).

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