Biomass Oxygen-Enriched Gasification in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed for Production of Middle/High Heat-Value Fuel Gas

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 450-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Bao Sheng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Hydrocarbon Synthesis ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Heat Value

For biomass gasification, the high tar and carbon monoxide contents and the low heat value of fuel gas are problems to be solved, which leading to the poor operating conditions of the completed projects in China. Therefore, a new technology of biomass oxygen-enriched gasification in pressurized fluidized bed is proposed. Coupling the technologies of pressurized biomass oxygen-enriched gasification at low temperature, high-temperature gasification and melting, steam reforming and hydrocarbon synthesis, the high gasification efficiency, tar cracking and gas reforming shall be realized, and the middle/high heat value gas which meets the national standards will be produced. ASPEN PLUS simulation was carried out for biomass oxygen-enriched gasification. Both the equivalent ratio and gas yield of rice husk are lower than that of the wood sawdust, while the gas calorific values are equivalent. Considering the gas yield, the calorific value and economy, the optimum operating conditions are obtained: the gasification temperature at 1200 °C, the oxygen purity at 0.9, the equivalent ratio at about 0.25, the S/B ratio at 0.1~0.2. The gas yield could reach 1.9 m3/kg, and the gas calorific value was above 11 MJ/m3.

Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste in Japan

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Igarashi ◽  
Y. Hayafune ◽  
R. Sugamiya ◽  
Y. Nakagawa ◽  
K. Makishima
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Dual Fluidized Bed

Funabashi City’s Municipal Solid Waste Pyrolysis Plant is the first full-scale plant having a dual fluidized bed gasification system. The plant has the capacity of processing 4.5 × 105 kg/day of mixed municipal solid waste with a very limited emission of air, water and land pollutants. The energy is recovered as high calorific value fuel gas. Since April 1983, the plant has been in continuous operation. The purpose of this paper is to report on the system and the experience obtained during the 5 mo in which it was in operation. Data on the material balance of the pyrolysis, the analysis regarding the gas produced, the flue gas composition and the equipment used are included.

Pengaruh penambahan propana dalam bahan bakar terhadap karakteristik sel tunam oksida padat

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Isdiriayani Nurdin ◽  
Astrilia Damayanti ◽  
Ocktavianus Lede M. R. ◽  
Pramujo Widiatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Main Components

AbstractFuel cell is a renewable energy source that does not create any negative effect to the environment. One of the advantage of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is its tolerance to fuel contaminants. This research is aimed to study the effect of propane addition into fuel gas on SOFC'S characters. SOFC tested during this research consists of main components functioned as feed gas distributor, and insulator made of asbestos and C-12 high alumina. SOFC's characters studied in this research including optimum operating conditions, polarization, and expected life time of the cell. The test results show that optimum operating conditions of tested SOFC are 700ºC, 45 mL H/minute and 225 mL air/minute. Cell using 22,2 %-vol propane in the fuel gives a longer lifetime, a smaller maximum current, and a higher voltage efficiency than such using hydrogen only as fuel. Propane concentration in fuel gas up to 22,2 %-vol has not any significant influence to cell voltage. The obtained polarization curve reveals that cell reactions are mass transfer controlled.Keywords: SOFC, Life Time, Polarization, EfficiencyAbstrakSel tunam oksida padat (SOFC) merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan toleran terhadap kontaminan dalam bahan bakar. Tujuan percobaan ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh penambahan propana dalam bahan bakar terhadap karakteristik SOFC. Pada penelitian ini SOFC yang diuji terdiri dari komponen utama sel tipe ASC1 buatan lnDEC B.V,dilengkapi dengan cangkang terbuat dari stainless steel tipe AISI 304, yang merangkap sebagai distributor gas umpan, dan isolator dari bahan asbes serta semen tahan api tipe C-12 high alumina. Karakter SOFC yang dipelajari pada penelitian ini meliputi kondisi operasi optimum, polarisasi, dan umur set. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa operasi SOFC optimal pada temperatur 700ºC dengan laju alir H2, 45 mL/menit dan udara 225 mL/menit. Konsentrasi propana dalam bahan bakar 22,2 %- v memberikan umur sel yang lebih panjang, arus maksimum yang lebih kecil, dan efisiensi tegangan yang lebih besar daripada dengan bahan bakar gas hidrogen saja. Konsentrasi propana dalam gas bahan bakar sampai dengan 22,2 %-v tidak mempengaruhi tegangan sel. Kurva polarisasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa reaksi sel terkendali olehperpindahan  massa.Kata Kunci : SOFC, Umur, Polarisasi, Efisiensi

High-Rate Nitrification in a Biological Fluidized Bed

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cooper ◽  
S. C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Demonstration Plant ◽  
Technical Evaluation ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The use of a Biological Fluidized Bed (BFB) was evaluated in a large demonstration plant for nitrification of a secondary effluent at Horley STW (South of London). The BFB was operated over a range of flows from 250→600 m3/d using effluents containing 25mg NH3-N/ℓ, 18mg BOD/ℓ to define the optimum operating conditions. It was possible to reduce from 27 down to 3mg NH3-N/ℓ in a contact time of only 38 mins (a volumetric loading of 1 kg NH3-N/m3.d). The unit was then operated under diurnal flow. A 20m deep below-ground downflow-bubble-contact oxygenator was used which was capable of dissolving 60mg 02/ℓ. Following the technical evaluation, an economic comparison was made between using the add-on nitrifying BFB against the option of extending an existing activated sludge plant. The BFB had a lower capital cost but higher operating cost. The BFB was shown to be cost competitive.

Prediction of optimum operating conditions of liquid fluidized bed systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jamialahmadi ◽  
M. R. Malayeri ◽  
H. Müller-Steinhagen
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating

Grid-Zone Particle Hydrodynamics and Solid Circulation in a Multiple Jet Fluidized Bed

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Agarwal ◽  
Brian Lattimer ◽  
Srinath Ekkad ◽  
Uri Vandsburger
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Optimum Operating Condition ◽  
Fluidization Velocity ◽  
Solid Circulation Rate

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Digital Image Analysis (DIA) were used to investigate the evolution of multiple inlet gas jets located at the distributor base of a two-dimensional fluidized bed setup. Experiments were conducted with varying distributor orifice diameter, orifice pitch, particle density, particle diameter, and fluidization velocity to understand the motion of particles in the grid-zone region of a fluidized bed. Results were used to develop a phenomenological model that quantifies the conditions throughout the entire grid-zone. The results and the model were further analyzed to understand the effect of operating conditions on the solid circulation dynamics of a multiple jet system fluidized bed. It was determined that the solid circulation rate increased linearly with an increase in the fluidization velocity until the jet system transitioned from isolated to an interacting system. The solid circulation increased at a much lower rate in the interacting system of jets. This sudden change in the solid circulation rate has not been reported in the literature possibly due to the lack of multiple jet studies. For multiple jet systems, this phenomenon may indicate the presence of an optimum operating condition with high circulation rate and low air input in the bed.

Optimum operating conditions in ethanol steam reforming over a Ni/La2O3-αAl2O3 catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Montero ◽  
Aingeru Remiro ◽  
Pedro Luis Benito ◽  
Javier Bilbao ◽  
Ana G. Gayubo
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Ethanol Steam Reforming ◽  
Ethanol Steam

Study of the Kinetics of Thermal Destruction of Crossed Polyethylene

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
K. Chalov ◽  
Yu. Lugovoy ◽  
Yu. Kosivtsov ◽  
E. Sulman
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Kinetics Of

This paper presents a study of the process of thermal degradation of crosslinked polyethylene. The kinetics of polymer decomposition was studied by thermogravimetry. Crosslinked polyethylene showed high heat resistance to temperatures of 400 °C. The temperature range of 430–500 °C was determined for the loss of the bulk of the sample. According to thermogravimetric data, the decomposition process proceeds in a single stage and includes a large number of fracture, cyclization, dehydrogenation, and other reactions. The process of pyrolysis of a crosslinked polymer in a stationary-bed metal reactor was investigated. The influence of the process temperature on the yield of solid, liquid, and gaseous pyrolysis products was investigated. The optimum process temperature was 500 °C. At this temperature, the yield of liquid and gaseous products was 85.0 and 12.5% (mass.), Respectively. Samples of crosslinked polyester decomposed almost completely. The amount of carbon–containing residue was 3.5% by weight of the feedstock. With increasing temperature, the yield of liquid products decreased slightly and the yield of gaseous products increased, but their total yield did not increase. For gaseous products, a qualitative and quantitative composition was determined. The main components of the pyrolysis gas were hydrocarbons C1–C4. The calorific value of pyrolysis gas obtained at a temperature of 500 °C was 17 MJ/m3. Thus, the pyrolysis process can be used to process crosslinked polyethylene wastes to produce liquid hydrocarbons and combustible gases.

Comparative Bio-sorption of Cadmium and Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Fibers of Date Palm using Fluidized Bed Column

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512
Author(s):  
Baker M. Abod ◽  
Ramy Mohamed Jebir Al-Alawy ◽  
Firas Hashim Kamar ◽  
Gheorghe Nechifor
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bed Height

The aim of this study is to use the dry fibers of date palm as low-cost biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution by fluidized bed column. The effects of many operating conditions such as superficial velocity, static bed height, and initial concentration on the removal efficiency of metal ions were investigated. FTIR analyses clarified that hydroxyl, amine and carboxyl groups could be very effective for bio-sorption of these heavy metal ions. SEM images showed that dry fibers of date palm have a high porosity and that metal ions can be trapped and sorbed into pores. The results show that a bed height of 6 cm, velocity of 1.1Umf and initial concentration for each heavy metal ions of 50 mg/L are most feasible and give high removal efficiency. The fluidized bed reactor was modeled using ideal plug flow and this model was solved numerically by utilizing the MATLAB software for fitting the measured breakthrough results. The breakthrough curves for metal ions gave the order of bio-sorption capacity as follow: Cd(II)]Ni(II).

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