The Feasibility Analysis and Pathways Study of China’s 2020 Non-Fossil Energy Target

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Jia Hai Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Share

In 2009, Chinese government proposed the 15% target of non-fossil energy share at 2020, and obtained the general concern of the international community. The paper considers the constraints of economic growth, decrease rate of GDP CO2 intensity and primary energy structure to discuss China’s CO2 emissions and primary energy demand in sub-scenarios. Then through the analysis of consistency with the overall economic growth and energy planning and the international society’s expectation on China’s GHG abatement duty to demonstrate the feasibility of the non-fossil energy target. The results show that the 17% of non-fossil energy can meet the various constraints. Finally pathways to realize clean energy development into 2020 are outlined.

scholarly journals 2030 Energy Pathways in Côte d’Ivoire: “A Business as Usual” Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yessoh Gaudens Thecle Edjoukou ◽  
Bangzhu Zhu ◽  
Minxing Jiang ◽  
Akadje Jean Roland Edjoukou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Business As Usual

Forecasting future energy demand values is of paramount importance for proper resource planning. This paper examines energy outlook for the coming decade in Côte d’Ivoire presented as a business as usual scenario. We, therefore, build a forecasting model using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) to estimate primary energy demand and energy demand by fuels. The results indicate that energy demand will increase steadily within the forecasted period (2017-2030). However, the annual growth rate of each fuel,, including the primary energy demand item, will first rise from the year 1990 to the year 2016 and then decrease within the forecasted period except hydropower that will experience a steady increase from 1990 to 2030. Furthermore, it is noticed that the energy structure of the country will still be biofuels (fuelwood and charcoal) intensive with a significant presence of conventional sources of energy. Based on these findings, we propose some policy recommendations.

Economic Analysis of Biogas Cogeneration Systems of Medium-Sized Breeding Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 538-543
Author(s):  
Lina Liao ◽  
Qing Rong Liu ◽  
Ying Jun Ruan ◽  
Jia Zheng Wu ◽  
Ya Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Poultry Breeding

More and more countries are focusing on the lack of resources with the consumption of large quantities of fossil energy. The Chinese government is actively promoting the policies related to the transformation of the energy structure which will increase the proportion of clean energy consumption and reduce the proportion of fossil energy consumption in order to relieve the pressure on domestic energy. Interest in the generation of biogas from agricultural residues is increasing rapidly due to its climate benefits. This article is committed to analysis the economic performance of the biogas cogeneration energy supply system of livestock and poultry breeding plants in southern China. The model of the biogas cogeneration energy supply system of livestock and poultry breeding plants in southern China and the advices to the government will also been proposed as a result. According to the results, biogas cogeneration system is feasible in economy with reasonable device configuration and operating strategy.

scholarly journals A Novel Adaptive Intelligent Ensemble Model for Forecasting Primary Energy Demand

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Zhao ◽  
Juanjuan Zhao ◽  
Xilong Yao ◽  
Zhixin Jin ◽  
Pan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Ensemble Model ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Development Plans

Effectively forecasting energy demand and energy structure helps energy planning departments formulate energy development plans and react to the opportunities and challenges in changing energy demands. In view of the fact that the rolling grey model (RGM) can weaken the randomness of small samples and better present their characteristics, as well as support vector regression (SVR) having good generalization, we propose an ensemble model based on RGM and SVR. Then, the inertia weight of particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adjusted to improve the global search ability of PSO, and the improved PSO algorithm (APSO) is used to assign the adaptive weight to the ensemble model. Finally, in order to solve the problem of accurately predicting the time-series of primary energy consumption, an adaptive inertial weight ensemble model (APSO-RGM-SVR) based on RGM and SVR is constructed. The proposed model can show higher prediction accuracy and better generalization in theory. Experimental results also revealed outperformance of APSO-RGM-SVR compared to single models and unoptimized ensemble models by about 85% and 32%, respectively. In addition, this paper used this new model to forecast China’s primary energy demand and energy structure.

A PSO–GA optimal model to estimate primary energy demand of China

Energy Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwei Yu ◽  
Yi-Ming Wei ◽  
Ke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Primary Energy Demand

An environmental impact analysis method of machine-tool cutting units based on LCA

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Shi ◽  
Junyu Hu ◽  
Mingyang Ma ◽  
Huaizhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Environmental Impact Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Tool Cutting

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a method for the environmental impact analysis of machine-tool cutting, which enables the detailed analysis of inventory data on resource consumption and waste emissions, as well as the quantitative evaluation of environmental impact. Design/methodology/approach The proposed environmental impact analysis method is based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. In this method, the system boundary of the cutting unit is first defined, and inventory data on energy and material consumptions are analyzed. Subsequently, through classification, five important environmental impact categories are proposed, namely, primary energy demand, global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and photochemical ozone creation potential. Finally, the environmental impact results are obtained through characterization and normalization. Findings This method is applied on a case study involving a machine-tool turning unit. Results show that primary energy demand and global warming potential exert the serious environmental impact in the turning unit. Suggestions for improving the environmental performance of the machine-tool turning are proposed. Originality/value The environmental impact analysis method is applicable to different machine tools and cutting-unit processes. Moreover, it can guide and support the development of green manufacturing by machinery manufacturers.

Optimization of the energy supply in the plastics industry to reduce the primary energy demand

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 790-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Dunkelberg ◽  
Johannes Wagner ◽  
Conrad Hannen ◽  
B. Alexander Schlüter ◽  
Long Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Plastics Industry

scholarly journals Myth v. Fact

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reilly ◽  
Allison Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Business As Usual

This article predicts future global energy demand under a business-as-usual scenario. According to the MIT projections, conventional technology supported by fossil fuels will continue to dominate under a business-as-usual scenario. In fact, in the absence of climate policies that would impact energy prices, fossil fuels will supply nearly 80% of global primary energy demand in 2100. Alternative energy technologies will expand rapidly. Non-fossil fuel use will grow from 13% to 20% by 2100, with renewable electricity production expanding nearly tenfold and nuclear energy increasing by a factor of 8.5. However, those sources currently provide such a small share of the world's energy that even rapid growth is not enough to significantly displace fossil fuels. In spite of the growth in renewables, the projections indicate that coal will remain among the least expensive fuel sources. Non-fossil fuel alternatives, such as renewable energy and nuclear energy, will be between 40% and 80% more expensive than coal.

scholarly journals The possibility of achievement of the nZEB state of a refurbished detached house powered solely by renewable energy sources in Southern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Jacek Biskupski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Pv Generator

This paper gives a thorough description of the two different scenarios of retrofit of an existing detached country house (with high primary energy demand) to a net zero energy building (nZEB) or near zero energy (nearZEB) by using energy form on-site RES. Using a designed piece of modelling software author pointed out two possible solutions. First one, based on a bio boiler and small on-site PV generator (on-grid) and the other based on large PV generator and three heat pumps. A 24 months test was performed in order to find out the output of both scenarios. In first period, the bio boiler delivered energy for space heating and DHW, while energy from PV was used to cover all electricity needs of the household during the 12 months testing period. In the later, the energy received from 10 kWp PV of was partly used to cover the current needs of the entire household (switchable on/off-grid system), and surplus was stored in the national electricity grid and regained later in the winter for the space heating (by a GSHP) and ventilation (ASHP) and DHW (dedicated ASHP). In both cases the system proofed the possibility to achieve the nZEB (nearZEB in first scenario) state of the household, as all (in the first near all) energy needs were covered by renewable energy produced on-site.

scholarly journals Energy Embedded in Food Loss Management and in the Production of Uneaten Food: Seeking a Sustainable Pathway

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hoehn ◽  
María Margallo ◽  
Jara Laso ◽  
Isabel García-Herrero ◽  
Alba Bala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Food Loss ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Demand

Recently, important efforts have been made to define food loss management strategies. Most strategies have mainly been focused on mass and energy recovery through mixed food loss in centralised recovery models. This work aims to highlight the need to address a decentralised food loss management, in order to manage the different fractions and on each of the different stages of the food supply chain. For this purpose, an energy flow analysis is made, through the calculation of the primary energy demand of four stages and 11 food categories of the Spanish food supply chain in 2015. The energy efficiency assessment is conducted under a resource use perspective, using the energy return on investment (EROI) ratio, and a circular economy perspective, developing an Energy return on investment – Circular economy index (EROIce), based on a food waste-to-energy-to-food approach. Results suggest that the embodied energy loss consist of 17% of the total primary energy demand, and related to the food categories, the vegetarian diet appears to be the most efficient, followed by the pescetarian diet. Comparing food energy loss values with the estimated energy provided for one consumer, it is highlighted the fact that the food energy loss generated by two to three persons amounts to one person's total daily intake. Moreover, cereals is the category responsible for the highest percentage on the total food energy loss (44%); following by meat, fish and seafood and vegetables. When the results of food energy loss and embodied energy loss are related, it is observed that categories such as meat and fish and seafood have a very high primary energy demand to produce less food, besides that the parts of the food supply chain with more energy recovery potential are the beginning and the end. Finally, the EROIce analysis shows that in the categories of meat, fish and seafood and cereals, anaerobic digestion and composting is the best option for energy recovery. From the results, it is discussed the possibility to developed local digesters at the beginning and end of the food supply chain, as well as to developed double digesters installations for hydrogen recovery from cereals loss, and methane recovery from mixed food loss.

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