Start-Up Operation and Hydraulic Retention Time Selectivity for Palm Oil Mill Wastewater at Mesophilic Temperature in Anaerobic Suspended Growth Closed Bioreactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1330-1334
Author(s):  
Yee Shian Wong ◽  
Tjoon Tow Teng ◽  
Soon An Ong ◽  
Morad Norhashimah ◽  
Mohd Rafatullah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Bioreactor ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Pome Wastewater

The start-up operation and hydraulic retention time (HRT) selectivity of anaerobic degradation for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater was carried out in an anaerobic bioreactor. HRT between 35 and 5 days were investigated. The start-up process for the anaerobic degradation of POME wastewater was found to be completed after 40 days of operation. This study also recommended that the anaerobic degradation of POME wastewater should be operated at the HRT between 35 and 10 days without acid risk. The performance of anaerobic bioreactor could reach 90.55% - 87.55% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, 0.06 - 0.40 ratio between volatile fatty acid (VFA) and alkalinity (Alk), -368.2 mV to-445.80 mV of oxygen reduction potential (ORP) and 9.08 - 37.2 liters of biogas production, respectively.

scholarly journals Investigation of Temperature Effect on Start-Up Operation from Anaerobic Digestion of Acidified Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Fikri Hamzah ◽  
Jamaliah Md Jahim ◽  
Peer Mohamed Abdul ◽  
Ahmad Jaril Asis
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Mesophilic Temperature

Malaysia is one of the largest palm oil producers worldwide and its most abundant waste, palm oil mill effluent (POME), can be used as a feedstock to produce methane. Anaerobic digestion is ideal for treating POME in methane production due to its tolerance to high-strength chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this work, we compared the culture conditions during the start-up of anaerobic digestion of acidified POME between thermophilic (55 °C) and mesophilic (37 °C) temperatures. The pH of the digester was maintained throughout the experiment at 7.30 ± 0.2 in a working volume of 1000 mL. This study revealed that the thermophilic temperature stabilized faster on the 44th day compared to the 52nd day for the mesophilic temperature. Furthermore, the thermophilic temperature indicated higher biogas production at 0.60 L- CH 4 /L·d compared to the mesophilic temperature at 0.26 L- CH 4 /L·d. Results from this study were consistent with the COD removal of thermophilic temperature which was also higher than the mesophilic temperature.

scholarly journals The Impact of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Biomethane Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) in Two-Stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Laily Isna Ramadhani ◽  
Sri Ismiyati Damayanti ◽  
Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo ◽  
Muhammad Mufti Azis ◽  
Wiratni Budhijanto
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Indonesia is currently the most significant crude palm oil (CPO) producer in the world. In the production ofCPO, 0.7m3 of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is emitted as the wastewater for every ton of fresh fruit bunches processed in the palm oil mill.With the increasing amount of CPO production, an effective POME treatment system is urgently required to prevent severe environmental damage. The high organic content in the POME is a potential substrate forbio-methane production. The biomethane production is carried out by two groups of microbes, i.e., acidogenic and methanogenic microbes. Each group of bacteria performs optimally at different optimum conditions. To optimize the biomethane production, POME was treated sequentially by separating the acidogenic and methanogenic microbes into two stages of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR). The steps were optimized differently according to the favorable conditions of each group of bacteria. Although perfect separation cannot be achieved, this study showed that pH control could split the domination of the bacteria, i.e., the first stage (maintained at pH 4-5) was dominated by the acidogenic microbes and the second stage (kept neutral) was governed by methanogens. In addition to the pH control, natural zeolitewas added as microbial immobilization media in the AFBR to improve the performance of the microorganisms, especially in preventing microbial wash out at short hydraulic retention time (HRT). This study was focused on the understanding of the effect of HRT on the performance of steady-state continuous AFBR. The first stage as the acidogenic reactorwas rununder acidic conditions (pH 4-5) at five different HRTs. In comparison, the second stage as the methanogenic reactorwasrun under the neutral condition at four different HRTs. In this work,short HRT (5 days) resulted in better performance in both acidogenic AFBR and methanogenic AFBR. The immobilization media was hence essential to reduce the risk of washout at such a short HRT. The two-stage system also resulted in quite a high percentage of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal, which was as much as 96.06%sCOD.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Eichhornia crassipes

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Tan Ai Wei
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

It is inevitable that the manufacturing process of palm oil is accompanied by the generation of a massive amount of high strength wastewater, namely palm oil mill effluent (POME), which could pose serious threat to the aquatic environment. POME which contains high organic compounds originating from biodegradable materials causes water pollution if not properly managed. Palm oil industries are facing the challenges to make ends meet in the aspects of natural assurance, financial reasonability and development sustainability. It is therefore crucial to seek a practical solution to achieve the goal of environmental protection while continuing the economic sustainability. Phytoremediation has been proven as a potential method for removal or degradation of various hazardous contaminants. However, research on phytoremediation of POME using Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes) is still limited. This study aims to determine the feasibility of applying phytoremediation technique using E. crassipes for POME treatment. The effects of pH, plant:POME ratio and retention time on the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) of POME were investigated. The highest BOD removal of 92.6% was achieved after 21 days retention time at pH 4 with plant:POME ratio of 1:20 kg/L. The highest COD removal of 20.7% was achieved after 14 days retention time at pH 6 with plant:POME ratio of 1:20 kg/L. Phytoremediation using E. crassipes was shown to be a promising eco-friendly technique for POME treatment, and is therefore recommended as a good alternative treatment solution for this industrial effluent.

scholarly journals Kinerja bioreaktor hibrid anaerob bermedia tandan dan pelepah sawit dalam penyisihan cod

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Adrianto Ahmad ◽  
Said Zul Amraini ◽  
Yance Andre Luturkey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Solubility ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Anaerobic Bioreactor ◽  
Work Volume ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Performance of anaerobic hybrid bunch-frond palm mediated bioreactor in COD elimination The high contents of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in palm oil mill wastewater is able to cause the obstructed connection between air and a receiver of water body so that can make the lessening oxygen solubility in the receiver of water body. Hence, it is important to do innovation to get a good technology process of wastewater in order that the contents of COD become low. One of the wastewater processes can be done by using hybrid anaerobic bioreactor in eliminating COD that exists in palm oil mill wastewater. This research uses two units of hybrid anaerobic bioreactor i.e. hybrid anaerobic bioreactor mediated immobilization cell of empty stem palm and hybrid anaerobic bioreactor mediated immobilization cell of in 2.5 m3 of work volume. The process is done by using variation of imposition organic rate i.e. 10, 12.5, 14.28, 16.6, 20, 25, 33.3, and 50 kg COD/m3-day. The result of research showed that the highest eliminating COD is 82.67% in 14.28 kg COD/m3-day in bioreactor filled with empty palm fruit bunch and 84% for imposition organic rate 16.6 kg COD/m3-day in bioreactor filled with palm midrib. Therefore, both hybrid anaerobic bioreactors can be used for processing oil palm mill wastewater in high load of COD. Keywords: hybrid bioreactor, COD, wastewater, palm midrib, empty stem palmAbstrakKandungan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang tinggi dalam limbah cair pabrik minyak sawit dapat menyebabkan terhambatnya kontak antara udara dengan badan air penerima sehingga mengakibatkan berkurangnya kelarutan oksigen dalam badan air penerima tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penting dilakukan terobosan baru untuk mendapatkan teknologi pengolahan limbah cair yang handal agar kandungan COD menjadi rendah. Salah satu teknologi pengolahan limbah cair tersebut adalah bioreaktor hibrid anaerob. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kinerja beberapa jenis bioreaktor hibrid anaerob dalam penyisihan COD dalam limbah cair pabrik minyak sawit. Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua unit bioreaktor yakni bioreaktor hibrid anaerob dengan media imobilisasi sel tandan kosong sawit dan bioreaktor hibrid anaerob dengan media imobilisasi sel pelepah sawit dengan volume kerja 2,5 m3. Proses pengolahan dilakukan dengan variasi laju pembebanan zat organik, yaitu10; 12,5; 14,28; 16,6; 20; 25; 33,3; 50 kg COD/m3hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyisihan COD yang tertinggi dicapai sebesar 82,67% dengan laju pembebanan organik 14,28 kg COD/m3hari pada bioreaktor bermedia tandan kosong sawit dan 84% untuk laju pembebanan organik 16,6 kg COD/ m3hari pada bioreaktor bermedia pelepah sawit. Dengan demikian, kedua bioreaktor hibrid anaerob ini dapat digunakan untuk mengolah limbah cair industri minyak sawit dengan beban COD tinggi.Kata kunci: bioreaktor hibrid, COD, limbah cair, pelepah sawit, tandan kosong sawit

scholarly journals Acidogenesis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent to Produce Biogas: Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time and pH

2015 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 2466-2474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Trisakti ◽  
Veronica Manalu ◽  
Irvan Taslim ◽  
Muhammad Turmuzi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

scholarly journals Produksi Biogas Berbahan Dasar Manure Sapi dan Campuran Cacahan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis) dengan Metode Anaerobic Digestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Atmadian Pratama ◽  
Ramayanty Bulan ◽  
Darwin Darwin
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

Abstrak. Pemanfaatan limbah peternakan sapi (kotoran sapi) sebagai sumber bahan bakar dalam bentuk biogas merupakan salah satu alternatif yang sangat tepat untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah bagi masyarakat petani. Pemanfaatan kotoran ternak sebagai sumber energi, tidak mengurangi jumlah pupuk organik yang bersumber dari kotoran ternak. Hal ini karena pada pembuatan biogas kotoran ternak yang sudah diproses dikembalikan ke kondisi semula yang diambil hanya gas metana (CH4) yang digunakan sebagai bahan bakar. Kotoran ternak yang sudah diproses pada pembuatan biogas dipindahkan ke tempat lebih kering, dan bila sudah kering dapat disimpan dalam karung untuk penggunaan selanjutnya sebagai pupuk organik. Tandan kosong sawit (TKS) merupakan limbah dari pabrik kelapa sawit yang pemanfaatnya masih terbatas sebagai pupuk organik yang memiliki nilai tambah yang rendah. Setiap produksi kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah berupa tandan kosong sawit  sebesar 23%, sehingga berdasarkan produksi kelapa sawit tahun 2010 dan 2011 berpotensi dihasilkan limbah tandan kosong sawit sebesar 5 juta ton. Akumulasi limbah TKS dari tahun ke tahun jika tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal maka dapat berakibat buruk bagi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi produksi biogas melalui teknologi anaerobik digesi (anaerobic digestion) kotoran sapi dan anaerobik co-digesi kotoran sapi dengan limbah TKS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada proses fermentasi dengan hydraulic retention time (HRT) 25 hari dan pemberian suhu panas yang sama terdapat hasil yang berbeda terhadap produksi biogas kotoran sapi digesi dan juga kotoran sapi co-digesi dengan tepung TKS dengan hasil produksi biogas total lebih tinggi pada fermentasi co-digesi, dimana produksi gas yang dihasilkan adalah 1.015 mL pada kotoran sapi digesi dan 13.830  mL pada kotoran sapi co-digesi. Penambahan tepung TKS meningkatkan nutrisi substrat yang dimanfaatkan mikroba untuk menghasilkan gas metan, namun tetap memperhatikan tingkat ke optimuman derajat keasaman (pH) pada angka 6,8-7,5.Production of Biogas from Cattle Manure Digestion and Co-Digestion with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch under Digestive Anaerobic MethodAbstract. Utilization of livestock waste (manure) as biogas is one of the most appropriate alternatives to overcome the rising prices of fertilizers and fuel oil scarcity. The use of livestock manure as an energy source, does not reduce the amount of organic fertilizer that comes from livestock manure. This is because in the production of biogas manure that has been processed is returned to its original condition, only methane (CH4) is used as fuel. Livestock manure that has been processed in the making of biogas is moved to a drier place, and when it is dry it can be stored in a sack for further use as fertilizer. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKS) are waste from palm oil mills is still limited use as organic fertilizer and has low added value. Each palm oil production produces waste in the form of 23% oil palm empty fruit bunches, so that according to the palm production on 2010 and 2011, the potential production of this waste could reach 5 million tons. The accumulation of this waste from year to year will harm our environment. This study aims to look at the potential for biogas production from cow manure digestion and co-digestion with palm oil fruit bunch waste under the anaerobic process. Results showed that for 25 days hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the use of mesophilic temperature, the biogas production by using anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure with TKS (13,830 mL) was higher than the biogas production by using the anaerobic digestion of cow manure (1,015 mL). The addition of TKS flour had increased the nutrient of substrate used by microbes to produce methane gas, but the acidity (pH)of substrate should be controlled at 6.8-7.5.  

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