High Energy Ball-Milling of Tin Titanate Zirconate for Use in Microwave Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Arantes ◽  
Dulcina P.F. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Energy Ball

Tin titanate zirconate (ZTS) is widely known for its good dielectric properties at high frequencies and has been widely employed as a dielectric resonator. ZTS does not sinter easily by solid state difusion and it is necessary to introduce sintering aids capable of increasing diffusion coefficients and/or leading to liquid phase sintering. Consequently, the dielectric properties in microwave frequencies can be reduced. This work focused on the utilization of high energy ball-milling as a method of reducing initial particle size and further improving sintering of ZTS.The powders obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction as a function of milling time, as well as by a light scattering particle size analyzer.

Microstructure of 430L Stainless Steel Powders during High-Energy Ball Milling

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1251-1254
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Ni ◽  
Hang He ◽  
G.Q. Li ◽  
Wei Ting Zhan ◽  
Da Qiang Cang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
The Mean

Preparation of nanocrystalline 430L stainless steel powders by high-energy ball milling has been investigated. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Matersizer. The SEM observation confirmed that the cold welding and fragmentation behaviors occurred during high-energy ball milling, which has important effect on the changes of the particle size. In the initial stage (0-10h), particle size increased and crystalline grain size decreased evidently. The mean particle size got to 330μm and the crystalline grain size got to 23nm for sample of 10h ball milling. In the later stage, the particle size decreased and the refinement of crystalline grain became difficult. The crystalline grain size of sample for 50h ball milling only got to 15nm.

scholarly journals Hydroxyapatite/iron oxide nanocomposite prepared by high energy ball milling

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
Milica Vucinic-Vasic ◽  
Bratislav Antic ◽  
Marko Boskovic ◽  
Aleksandar Antic ◽  
Jovan Blanusa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Ball

Nanocomposites (HAp/iron oxide), made of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and ferrimagnetic iron oxide, were synthesized by high-energy ball milling a mixture consisting of iron oxide nanoparticles and the starting materials used for the HAp synthesis: calcium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous (CaHPO4), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Two HAp/iron oxide samples with the magnetic phase content of 12 and 30 wt.% were prepared and their microstructure, morphology and magnetic properties were analysed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the measurement of particle size distribution was performed by laser scattering, and temperature/field dependence on magnetization was determined. X-ray diffraction data confirmed the formation of two-phased samples (HAp and spinel iron oxide) without the presence of any other parasite phase. The shape of particles was nearly spherical in both samples, ranging from only a few to several tens of nanometres in diameter. These particles formed agglomerates with the most common value of the number-based particle size distribution of 380 and 310 nm for the sample with 12 and 30wt.% of iron oxide, respectively. Magnetization data showed that both HAp/iron oxide composites had superparamagnetic behaviour at room temperature.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF BAMBOO TUTUL CHARCOAL PARTICLE PRODUCED BY HIGH ENERGY BALL MILLING SHAKER TYPE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
S Supriyono ◽  
B Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Surface Morphologies

The objective of this study is to characterize bamboo tutulcharcoal particles produced by High Energy Ball Milling (HBEM)shaker type.The HEBM process was conducted in the stainless steel vialsfor 2 million cycles at 900 motor RPM. The ball milling diameter was 1/4 inch made from steel.Therefore, perhaps the final particle sizewill be determined byempty space of the vial for the movement of the balls. In this study, the empty space is varied for 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 of vial volume. Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) is used to have the particle sizes and SEM-EDX is used to have surface morphology of the particle. The average final particle sizes are 547.8 nm, 522.9 nm, 422.7 nm, and 739.4 nm for 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 empty space of vial respectively. The surface morphologies of the particles are determined by fracture mechanism as they can be seen on the SEM results. Based on the results, it can be said that there is no correlation between the particle size and the empty space of the vial. As long as there is space for movement of the milling balls, the collision occurs and the reduction of the particle also happens.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of β-TCP particle size on deagglomeration processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e175943067
Author(s):  
João Augusto Martins Almeida ◽  
Bruna Horta Bastos Kuffner ◽  
Gilbert Silva ◽  
Patrícia Capellato ◽  
Daniela Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Morphology ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Ball

There are a class of material widely used in bone tissue repair. This material is calcium phosphate ceramics (CPCs)that can be used on two phases: α and β. However, β-TCP is more used in bone regeneration than α–TCP due to the biocompatible and bioactive properties.In the present work evaluate the influence of these two distinct processes to deagglomeration and the consequence in the particle size of the β-TCP obtained through solid-state reaction. Among all of the routes used in research and industry to reduce the particles size of different materials, the high energy ball milling is one of the most effective, due to the high rotation speed that this process achieves. The deagglomeration through agate mortar is considered a cheaper process when compared with the high energy ball milling. The characterization of both powders, deagglomerated in high energy ball milling and agate mortar, was realized through scanning electron microscopy, to analyze the powder morphology, and laser granulometry, to determine the size of the particles. Also, the forerunner powder was previously submitted to x-ray diffraction to confirm the formation of the β-TCP phase. The analysis through x-ray diffraction confirmed that the phase formed during the calcination process corresponded to the β-TCP. The results obtained after the deagglomeration processes indicated that the morphology was predominantly irregular for both powders. In relation to the granulometry, the deagglomeration performed through agate mortar showed to produce particles with smaller size (11,4µm e 0,9µm) and heterogeneous distribution, while the high energy ball milling process produced particles with larger size (11,4µm a 1,8µm) and higher homogeneity.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF BAMBOO TUTUL CHARCOAL PARTICLE PRODUCED BY HIGH ENERGY BALL MILLING SHAKER TYPE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
S Supriyono ◽  
B. Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Surface Morphologies

The objective of this study is to characterize bamboo tutul charcoal particles produced by High Energy Ball Milling (HBEM) shaker type. The HEBM process was conducted in the stainless steel vials for 2 million cycles at 900 motor RPM. The ball milling diameter was 1/4 inch made from steel. Therefore, perhaps the final particle size will be determined by empty space of the vial for the movement of the balls. In this study, the empty space is varied for 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 of vial volume. Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) is used to have the particle sizes and SEM-EDX is used to have surface morphology of the particle. The average final particle sizes are 547.8 nm, 522.9 nm, 422.7 nm, and 739.4 nm for 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 empty space of vial respectively. The surface morphologies of the particles are determined by fracture mechanism as they can be seen on the SEM results. Based on the results, it can be said that there is no correlation between the particle size and the empty space of the vial. As long as there is space for movement of the milling balls, the collision occurs and the reduction of the particle also happens.

Investigations on the Structural, Optical and Dielectric Properties of Ball-Milled ZnO–Fe2O3 Nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950034
Author(s):  
V. Balachandar ◽  
J. Brijitta ◽  
K. Viswanathan ◽  
R. Sampathkumar
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dielectric Constant And Loss ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Ball Milling Technique ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this study, ZnO–Fe2O3 nanocomposites were prepared by high-energy ball milling technique and characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–visible spectroscopy and dielectric spectroscopy. The amount of Fe2O3 in the ZnO–Fe2O3 nanocomposites was varied at the rates of 1[Formula: see text]wt.%, 3[Formula: see text]wt.% and 5[Formula: see text]wt.% in order to investigate its influence on the structural, optical and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. XRD patterns of nanocomposites revealed no shift in peak positions and hence confirmed the formation of composites after ball milling. Further, it was observed from FESEM analysis that Fe2O3 particles were distributed randomly on the ZnO matrix of the nanocomposites. ZnO–Fe2O3 nanocomposites reveal extended optical absorption in the range of 400–600[Formula: see text]nm from UV studies. The dielectric constant and loss of the nanocomposites decrease exponentially with increase in frequency. The composition and frequency dependences of the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity are explained based on the Maxwell–Wagner effect and Koop’s theory.

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