Review: Stress-Induced Diffusion and Cation Defect Chemistry Studies of Perovskites

2005 ◽  
Vol 242-244 ◽  
pp. 43-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Salama ◽  
G. Majkic ◽  
U.(Balu) Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Defect Chemistry ◽  
Diffusional Creep ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Creep Data ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Cation Sublattices ◽  
Matter Transport ◽  
Chemistry Modeling ◽  
The Common ◽  
Stress Induced Diffusion

In this paper we review a number of studies of stress-induced diffusional matter transport in perovskites, with an emphasis on creep studies used as a means of studying defect chemistry on the cation sublattices. Studies of diffusional creep in air or fixed atmospheres are reviewed first, and the common characteristics among these perovskites are identified. Creep studies of several perovskiterelated or perovskite-like structures are reviewed next, and the similarities/dissimilarities to perovskites are outlined. The diffusional creep studies in controlled atmosphere are reviewed next, with the emphasis on defect chemistry modeling from creep data. The paper presents a detailed review of two creep studies in oxygen controlled atmosphere that show particularly interesting and remarkedly different behavior from that predicted by standard defect chemistry models. Defect chemistry modeling from creep data is presented for these two cases. The potential and limitations of using creep experiments for studying diffusional matter transport and cation defect chemistry are discussed.

scholarly journals Особенности бурятских вариантов Гэсэриады

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-857
Author(s):  
Ludmila S. Dampilova ◽  
◽  
Erzhena B. Ayusheeva
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Authentic Texts ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

Introduction. The article aims to analyze Buryat versions of the epic Geser to identify their local features. It includes a detailed review not only of published texts, but also of manuscripts stored in the archives of Buryatia. For the first time, the regional versions of Geser are systematically examined as a necessary stage for further comparative studies of the genesis and transformation of epic traditions in Central Asia. Methods. The work uses comparative-historical and comparative methods of analysis. Of these, the latter was of key importance in comparing the versions of the epic that differ in terms of the place of their origin and temporal parameters. Results and discussion. The analysis began with a detailed discussion of published authentic texts of Geser represented by the Ekhirit-Bulagat and Ungin versions. Then, the features of archival versions of the epic are systematized and defined. The previous work on the plot composition and characters of each individual text is thoroughly compared to finally identify the features of the Buryat versions of the epic. Conclusion. The authors argue that the Ungin versions are quite close to the Mongolian ones, while the Ekhirit-Bulagat version, in their opinion, stands apart both in terms of their composition and themes. The introductory part of the uliger, a mythological prologue with a shamanic pantheon of deities, is characteristic only of the Buryat versions of Geser. Also, as far as the Western Buryat version is concerned, it may be pointed out that the influence of Buddhist teachings, which were not widespread in the heyday of the epic, was minimum. Of relevance are also the contaminations of the common Mongolian storytelling traditions with the characteristic motifs of the Central Asian epic. The identification of specific features of the local versions of Geser may expand our understanding of the specifics of the national epic as one of the main manifestations of traditional culture.

Acute Liver Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Rajaram ◽  
Ram Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
The Common ◽  
Organ Dysfunctions ◽  
Common Laboratory

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) is a condition that can rapidly progress to multiorgan failure. This article focuses on the diagnosis and management of ALF. We provide a detailed review of the common etiologies of ALF, including acetaminophen overdose, viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, Wilson's disease, and autoimmune hepatitis. The article then addresses how to recognize ALF and reviews the role of common laboratory and imaging tests in establishing this diagnosis. The remainder of the article details the management of hepatic and extrahepatic organ dysfunctions in ALF. The article concludes with a discussion regarding the prognostication of patients with ALF and the criteria for considering liver transplantation.

18. Theft

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ormerod ◽  
Karl Laird
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Common ◽  
English Law

In English law, offences related to dishonesty are governed by the Theft Acts 1968 and 1978, the Theft (Amendment) Act 1996, and the Fraud Act 2006. These Acts are not a restatement of the common law and its numerous statutory additions but they do provide a code of the most important offences of dishonest dealing with the protection of property (with the notable exception of forgery and conspiracy to defraud). This chapter deals with the offence of theft. It offers a detailed review of the concept of dishonesty in light of the recent redefinition of that concept by the Supreme Court in Ivey v Genting Casinos.

Elevated temperature deformation of fine-grained La0.9Sr0.1MnO3

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wolfenstine ◽  
T. R. Armstrong ◽  
W. J. Weber ◽  
M. A. Boling-Risser ◽  
K. C. Goretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Perovskite Oxides ◽  
Lattice Diffusion ◽  
Diffusional Creep ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Creep Data ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grain

Compressive creep behavior of fine-grained (5 μm) La0.9Sr0.1MnO3with a relative theoretical density between 85 and 90% was investigated over the temperature range 1150–1300 °C in air. The fine grain size, brief creep transients, stress exponent close to unity, and absence of deformation-induced dislocations, suggested that the deformation was controlled by a diffusional creep mechanism. The activation energy for creep of La0.9Sr0.1MnO3was 490 kJ/mole. A comparison of the activation energy for creep of La0.9Sr0.1MnO3with existing diffusion and creep data for perovskite oxides suggested that the diffusional creep of La0.9Sr0.1MnO3was controlled by lattice diffusion of the cations, either lanthanum or manganese.

Green Chemistry Modeling Problems and Computer Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 2695-2698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao You Liu
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Chemistry Modeling ◽  
The Common

Green chemistry as an interdisciplinary subject which could eliminate pollution from the chemical source, has received rapid development in the past two decades. Numerical simulation based on operational research as one of the common optimized tools, has found a wide application in the environmental issues of green chemistry. In this paper, the development, characteristics and resolution procedures of operational research method were introduced and three typical examples which include the utilization of the waste resources, transportation of goods in clean production, and the utilization of clean energy were analyzed and resolved by lingo software. The results showed that the operational research method is an effective tool to solving problems in green chemistry, with advantages of simple programming, operations fast and reliable results.

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