Green Chemistry Modeling Problems and Computer Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 2695-2698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao You Liu
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Chemistry Modeling ◽  
The Common

Green chemistry as an interdisciplinary subject which could eliminate pollution from the chemical source, has received rapid development in the past two decades. Numerical simulation based on operational research as one of the common optimized tools, has found a wide application in the environmental issues of green chemistry. In this paper, the development, characteristics and resolution procedures of operational research method were introduced and three typical examples which include the utilization of the waste resources, transportation of goods in clean production, and the utilization of clean energy were analyzed and resolved by lingo software. The results showed that the operational research method is an effective tool to solving problems in green chemistry, with advantages of simple programming, operations fast and reliable results.

scholarly journals Defining and Describing What We Do: Doctrinal Legal Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Hutchinson ◽  
Nigel Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
Applied Logic ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grant Applications ◽  
The Common

The practitioner lawyer of the past had little need to reflect on process. The doctrinal research methodology developed intuitively within the common law — a research method at the core of practice. There was no need to justify or classify it within a broader research framework. Modern academic lawyers are facing a different situation. At a time when competition for limited research funds is becoming more intense, and in which interdisciplinary work is highly valued and non-lawyers are involved in the assessment of grant applications, lawyer-applicants who engage in doctrinal research need to be able to explain their methodology more clearly. Doctrinal scholars need to be more open and articulate about their methods. These methods may be different in different contexts. This paper examines the doctrinal method used in legal research and its place in recent research dialogue. Some commentators are of the view that the doctrinal method is simply scholarship rather than a separate research methodology. Richard Posner even suggests that law is ‘not a field with a distinct methodology, but an amalgam of applied logic, rhetoric, economics and familiarity with a specialized vocabulary and a particular body of texts, practices, and institutions ...’.1 Therefore, academic lawyers are beginning to realise that the doctrinal research methodology needs clarification for those outside the legal profession and that a discussion about the standing and place of doctrinal research compared to other methodologies is required.

Analysis of Weifang City’s Economic Development Competence According to Certain Economic Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 63-64 ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Guang Yi Zhang ◽  
Tian Peng Zhao ◽  
Wan Yan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Economic Development ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
The Common

Urban economy has been deemed to be the leading power for regional economic and social development and it has everything to do with citizen income increase, local financial strengthen and organizational economic vigor. Weifang has a sound geographic position for it shares the common border of coastal and inland cities, which is beneficial to the whole provincial economic development. AHP methodology is applied to construct the evaluation system for urban economic development competence and an index system developed out of it is employed to compare the economic development competence from 2005 to 2009. Finally, the analysis of problems and weaknesses occurred thereby in the past five years is made, accompanied by constructive comments and suggestions. In recent years, rapid development has made Weifang among the tops in total economic volume in Shandong.To research Weifang’s economic development competence, to clarify Weifang’s regional economic development strategy, and to seize the opportunity to develop Weifang are meaningful to Weifang and Shandong.This article uses multiple statistic methods and social economic statistic software SPSS to standardize the indexes of Weifang from 2005 to 2009. It uses AHP to calculate each index’s weight, and gets the final comprehensive score of its economic development competence, on the basis of which it analyze Weifang’s economy and find the weak points so as to strengthen its economic development competence by giving relative suggestions.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Material Total Solid on Biogas Production Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Yu-Ming Sun ◽  
Xiao-Mei Huang ◽  
Yin-Hu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Characteristics

In China, livestock manure emission has resulted in severe pollution to the environment and it is an efficient spreading agent of diseases. For this reason, the biogas has gotten a rapid development in the past few decades. As a kind of renewable and clean energy, many studies have indicated the prospect of biogas to replace fossil fuels in the future. However, the methane industrial production process is unstable due to various factors. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the biogas fermentation efficiency. In this paper, the influences of the raw materials and the total solids (TS) concentration on biogas production characteristics are studied, where the utilization of raw materials can be reflected by the biogas production rate in the results. The results showed the anaerobic fermentation cycle is prolonged and biogas yield increases, but the utilization decreases with TS increases.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts and approaches to the treatment of vascular complications in pseudocysts: literature review

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
R. S. Nustafaev ◽  
V. B. Margiev ◽  
G. S. Shtofin ◽  
S. G. Shtofin
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Pancreatic Pseudocysts ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The therapeutic tactics for pancreatic pseudocysts have changed dramatically over the past decade. Currently, due to the rapid development of minimally invasive technologies, the frequency of their use in the treatment of patients with pseudocysts has become widespread, displacing traditional methods of surgical treatment. Nevertheless, surgical treatment of a pseudocyst is justified when other methods of treatment have been ineffective, namely in the case of recurrence of the pseudocyst, with suspected cystic neoplasia of the pancreas, the presence of stenosis of the common bile duct or duodenum, as well as with complicated cysts. The purpose of this article is a literature review of methods and approaches to the surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts, as well as the treatment of vascular complications in this pathology.

Ionic Liquids for the Synthesis of Five-Membered N,N-, N,N,N- and N,N,N,NHeterocycles

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1214-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjeet Kaur ◽  
Pranshu Bhardwaj ◽  
Meenu Devi ◽  
Yamini Verma ◽  
Neha Ahlawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Organic Reaction ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Major Subject

Due to special properties of ILs (Ionic Liquids) like their wide liquid range, good solvating ability, negligible vapour pressure, non-inflammability, environment friendly medium, high thermal stability, easy recycling and rate promoters etc. they are used in organic synthesis. The investigation for the replacement of organic solvents in organic synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. Therefore, ionic liquids have attracted the attention of chemists and act as a catalyst and reaction medium in organic reaction with high activity. There is no doubt that ionic liquids have become a major subject of study for modern chemistry. In comparison to traditional processes the use of ionic liquids resulted in improved, complimentary or alternative selectivities in organic synthesis. The present manuscript reported the synthesis of multiple nitrogen containing five-membered heterocyclic compounds using ionic liquids. This review covered interesting discoveries in the past few years.

Beyond Promoter: The Role of Macrophage in Invasion and Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
Haibao Zhang ◽  
Guodong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Tumor Stem Cell ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the common urologic neoplasms, and its incidence has been increasing over the past several decades; however, its pathogenesis is still unknown up to now. Recent studies have found that in addition to tumor cells, other cells in the tumor microenvironment also affect the biological behavior of the tumor. Among them, macrophages exist in a large amount in tumor microenvironment, and they are generally considered to play a key role in promoting tumorigenesis. Therefore, we summarized the recent researches on macrophage in the invasiveness and progression of RCC in latest years, and we also introduced and discussed many studies about macrophage in RCC to promote angiogenesis by changing tumor microenvironment and inhibit immune response in order to activate tumor progression. Moreover, macrophage interactes with various cytokines to promote tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and it also promotes tumor stem cell formation and induces drug resistance in the progression of RCC. The highlight of this review is to make a summary of the roles of macrophage in the invasion and progression of RCC; at the same time to raise some potential and possible targets for future RCC therapy.

Role of Zeolites and Zeotypes in Green Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna S. Meshram ◽  
Devendra S. Raghuvanshi
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Specific Morphology

Abstract:: Now days, it is of utmost important to design synthetic methods; which can be utilized for the generation of substances that will minimize toxicity to health of human and the environment. The utilization of acid catalysts generates lots of corrosive and harmful wastes which has to be treated with appropriate alkalis. Hence, it generates lots of sludge and alarms environmental issues of its storage and disposal. Zeolites and Zeotypes; by virtue of their peculiar properties; such as specific morphology, porosity and residing acidity; attracting enormous attention as they replaces harmful acid catalysts efficiently and also reduces chemical waste in industrial process; Hence emerged as new plethora in the field of “Green Chemistry”.

Toward Unity among Environmentalists

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan G. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Control Growth

Today, six out of ten Americans describe themselves as "active" environmentalists or as "sympathetic" to the movement's concerns. The movement, in turn, reflects this millions-strong support in its diversity, encompassing a wide spectrum of causes, groups, and sometimes conflicting special interests. For far-sighted activists and policy makers, the question is how this diversity affects the ability to achieve key goals in the battle against pollution, erosion, and out-of-control growth. This insightful book offers an overview of the movement -- its past as well as its present -- and issues the most persuasive call yet for a unified approach to solving environmental problems. Focusing on examples from resource use, pollution control, protection of species and habitats, and land use, the author shows how the dynamics of diversity have actually hindered environmentalists in the past, but also how a convergence of these interests around forward-looking policies can be effected, despite variance in value systems espoused. The book is thus not only an assessment of today's movement, but a blueprint for action that can help pull together many different concerns under a common banner. Anyone interested in environmental issues and active approaches to their solution will find the author's observations both astute and creative.

Searching for Political Parties in the Past

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Ignazi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

Chapter 1 introduces the long and difficult process of the theoretical legitimation of the political party as such. The analysis of the meaning and acceptance of ‘parties’ as tools of expressing contrasting visions moves forward from ancient Greece and Rome where (democratic) politics had first become a matter of speculation and practice, and ends up with the first cautious acceptance of parties by eighteenth-century British thinkers. The chapter explores how parties or factions have been constantly considered tools of division of the ‘common wealth’ and the ‘good society’. The holist and monist vision of a harmonious and compounded society, stigmatized parties and factions as an ultimate danger for the political community. Only when a new way of thinking, that is liberalism, emerged, was room for the acceptance of parties set.

History—an overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Bohigas ◽  
Hans A. Weidenmüller
Keyword(s):  
Random Matrix Theory ◽  
Random Matrix ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Mathematics

An overview of the history of random matrix theory (RMT) is provided in this chapter. Starting from its inception, the authors sketch the history of RMT until about 1990, focusing their attention on the first four decades of RMT. Later developments are partially covered. In the past 20 years RMT has experienced rapid development and has expanded into a number of areas of physics and mathematics.

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