Grid-Connected PEM Fuel Cell with Multi-Pulse Multilevel Inverter

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Akshay Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Multilevel Inverter ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Three Phase

Application of multi-pulse multilevel inverters is considered in this paper for distributed generation. A five-level twelve-pulse neutral point clamped inverter has been combined with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in order to investigate load following characteristics of the fuel cell. The fuel cell implemented with a three-phase multi-pulse multilevel inverter is adept of delivering single-phase and three-phase loads both in islanded and grid-connected approach. Changes in power demand from no-load to full-load (120 kW) have been applied to study the characteristics of the system from the perspective of how it can follow the load changes in load demand. It has been observed that the fuel cell model is adept of following power request as per requirement; however, there is a response time of few seconds, because the reformer for the fuel cell requires time to generate fuel and the fuel cell requires time for chemical reactions to take place in it. Implementations of six-pulse and twelve-pulse five-level neutral point clamped and flying capacitor inverters show that total harmonic distortions for six-pulse and twelve-pulse five-level neutral point clamped inverters to be 1.066219% and 0.406149% respectively as compared to 2.466889% and 1.5104075% for flying capacitor inverters. It has been observed that with twelve-pulse neutral point clamped inverter, the output voltage waveform is smoother and close to sinewave. The results of the research work is presented with analyses to validate that multi-pulse multilevel neutral point clamped inverter is a better way out for the fuel cell power generation model as this type of inverters produces smoother waveforms to improve power quality with lower harmonics.

Pore Structure Modeling of Flow in Gas Diffusion Layers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongying Shi ◽  
Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The gas diffusion layer (GDL) in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell has a porous structure with anisotropic and non-homogenous properties. The objective of this research is to develop a PEM fuel cell model where transport phenomena in the GDL are simulated based on GDL’s pore structure. The GDL pore structure was obtained by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). GDL’s cross-section view instead of surface view was scanned under the SEM. The SEM image was then processed using an image processing tool to obtain a two dimensional computational domain. This pore structure model was then coupled with an electrochemical model to predict the overall fuel cell performance. The transport phenomena in the GDL were simulated by solving the Navier-Stokes equation directly in the GDL pore structure. By comparing with the testing data, the fuel cell model predicted a reasonable fuel cell polarization curve. The pore structure model was further used to calculate the GDL permeability. The numerically predicted permeability was close to the value published in the literature. A future application of the current pore structure model is to predict GDL thermal and electric related properties.

Design Methodology of a Proton Exchange Membrane Modular Fuel Cell of 100 W Power Output

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munzer S. Y. Ebaid ◽  
Mohamad Y. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Manufacturing Alternatives ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The design of the fuel cell plays a major role in determining their cost. It is not only the cost of materials that increases the cost of the fuel cell, but also the manufacturing techniques and the need for skilled technicians for assembling and testing the fuel cell. The work presented in this paper is part of a research work aims to design and manufacture a proton exchange membrane (PEM) modular fuel cell of 100 W output at low cost using conventional materials and production techniques, then testing the fuel cell to validate its performance. This paper will be dealing only with the design of a modular fuel cell that can be mass produced and used to set up a larger fuel cell stack for stationary applications (6 kW) which is capable of powering a medium sized household. The design for 100 W fuel cell module will include the calculations for the main dimensions of the fuel cell components, mass flow rate of reactants, water production, heat output, heat transfer and the cooling system. This work is intended to facilitate material and process selection prior to manufacturing alternatives prior to capital investment for wide-scale production. The authors believe that the paper would lead to a stimulating discussion.

Pore Structure Modeling of Flow in Gas Diffusion Layers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Shi ◽  
X. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The gas diffusion layer (GDL) in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell has a porous structure with anisotropic and non-homogenous properties. The objective of this research is to develop a PEM fuel cell model where transport phenomena in the GDL are simulated based on GDL’s pore structure. The GDL pore structure was obtained by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). GDL’s cross-section view instead of surface view was scanned under the SEM. The SEM image was then processed using an image processing tool to obtain a two-dimensional computational domain. This pore structure model was then coupled with an electrochemical model to predict the overall fuel cell performance. The transport phenomena in the GDL were simulated by solving the Navier-Stokes equation directly in the GDL pore structure. By comparing with the testing data, the fuel cell model predicted a reasonable fuel cell polarization curve. The pore structure model was further used to calculate the GDL permeability. The numerically predicted permeability was close to the value published in the literature. A future application of the current pore structure model is to predict GDL thermal and electric related properties.

scholarly journals Open-Source Dynamic Matlab/Simulink 1D Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne L. Lazar ◽  
Swantje C. Konradt ◽  
Hermann Rottengruber
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Exchange Membrane

This work presents an open-source, dynamic, 1D, proton exchange membrane fuel cell model suitable for real-time applications. It estimates the cell voltage based on activation, ohmic and concentration overpotentials and considers water transport through the membrane by means of osmosis, diffusion and hydraulic permeation. Simplified equations reduce the computational load to make it viable for real-time analysis, quick parameter studies and usage in complex systems like complete vehicle models. Two modes of operation for use with or without reference polarization curves allow for a flexible application even without information about cell parameters. The program code is written in MATLAB and provided under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). It is designed to be used inside of a Simulink model, which allows this fuel cell model to be used in a wide variety of 1D simulation platforms by exporting the code as C/C++.

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model

1995 ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Divisek ◽  
J. Mosig ◽  
B. Steffen ◽  
U. Stimming
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals Thermal and Electrical Parameter Identification of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Genetic Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ariza ◽  
Antonio Correcher ◽  
Carlos Sánchez ◽  
Ángel Pérez-Navarro ◽  
Emilio García
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Electrical Parameter ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) fuel cells is a technology successfully used in the production of energy from hydrogen, allowing the use of hydrogen as an energy vector. It is scalable for stationary and mobile applications. However, the technology demands more research. An important research topic is fault diagnosis and condition monitoring to improve the life and the efficiency and to reduce the operation costs of PEMFC devices. Consequently, there is a need of physical models that allow deep analysis. These models must be accurate enough to represent the PEMFC behavior and to allow the identification of different internal signals of a PEM fuel cell. This work presents a PEM fuel cell model that uses the output temperature in a closed loop, so it can represent the thermal and the electrical behavior. The model is used to represent a Nexa Ballard 1.2 kW fuel cell; therefore, it is necessary to fit the coefficients to represent the real behavior. Five optimization algorithms were tested to fit the model, three of them taken from literature and two proposed in this work. Finally, the model with the identified parameters was validated with real data.

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