A Model for Determining Crack Opening Stress Intensity Factor Ratio under Tri-Axial Stress State

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 1572-1578
Author(s):  
Yu Ting He ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Rong Shi ◽  
G.Q. Zhang ◽  
L.J. Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Factor Ratio ◽  
Crack Opening Stress ◽  
Good Agreement

When studying 3D fatigue crack growth behaviors of materials, to determine the crack opening stress intensity factor ratio is the key issue. Elastic-plastic Fracture Mechanics theory and physical mechanism of cracks’ closure phenomena caused by plastic deformation are employed here. A model for determining the crack opening stress intensity factor ratio under tri-axial stress state is presented. The comparison of the present model with available data and models shows quite good agreement.

Modelling shattered rim cracking in railroad wheels

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-604
Author(s):  
V Sura ◽  
S Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Residual Stress State

Shattered rim cracking, propagation of a subsurface crack parallel to the tread surface, is one of the dominant railroad wheel failure types observed in North America. This crack initiation and propagation life depends on several factors, such as wheel rim thickness, wheel load, residual stresses in the rim, and the size and location of material defects in the rim. This article investigates the effect of the above-mentioned parameters on shattered rim cracking, using finite element analysis and fracture mechanics. This cracking is modelled using a three-dimensional, multiresolution, elastic–plastic finite element model of a railroad wheel. Material defects are modelled as mathematically sharp cracks. Rolling contact loading is simulated by applying the wheel load on the tread surface over a Hertzian contact area. The equivalent stress intensity factor ranges at the subsurface crack tips are estimated using uni-modal stress intensity factors obtained from the finite element analysis and a mixed-mode crack growth model. The residual stress and wheel wear effects are also included in modelling shattered rim cracking. The analysis results show that the sensitive depth below the tread surface for shattered rim cracking ranges from 19.05 to 22.23 mm, which is in good agreement with field observations. The relationship of the equivalent stress intensity factor (Δ K eq) at the crack tip to the load magnitude is observed to be approximately linear. The analysis results show that the equivalent stress intensity factor (Δ K eq) at the crack tip depends significantly on the residual stress state in the wheel. Consideration of as-manufactured residual stresses decreases the Δ K eq at the crack tip by about 40 per cent compared to that of no residual stress state, whereas consideration of service-induced residual stresses increases the Δ K eq at the crack tip by about 50 per cent compared to that of as-manufactured residual stress state. In summary, the methodology developed in this article can help to predict whether a shattered rim crack will propagate for a given set of parameters, such as load magnitude, rim thickness, crack size, crack location, and residual stress state.

A Study of the Stress Intensity Factor and Crack Opening Displacement Relationship Between Uniform Thickness Pipe Bends and Non-Uniform Thickness Pipe Bends

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Dong Bae ◽  
Chul-Goo Kim ◽  
Seung-Jae Kim ◽  
Hyun-Jae Lee ◽  
Yun-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Opening Displacement ◽  
Elastic Stress ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Thickness Variations

This paper proposes the relationship of stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement between pipe bends with uniform thickness and those with non-uniform thickness. In actual case, pipe bends have thickness variations. Unlike typical pipe bends, heat induction bend pipes have significant thickness variations (non-uniform thickness) because of manufacturing process. When the ratio of radius of curvature and pipe radius is 3 for heat induction bend pipes, the thickness at intrados and extrados can be calculated by 1.75 times and 0.875 times of nominal thickness which is original thickness before manufacturing process, respectively. In this situation, it is difficult to apply existing elastic stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement results [1, 2] and it is essential to modify existing solution or to create new solution. In this paper, to find effect of pipe bends thickness variation, 90° through-wall cracked pipe bends with not only uniform thickness but also non-uniform thickness are considered. The ratios of radius and thickness are 5, 10 and ratios of pipe radius of curvature and radius are 3, 4 and 5. Loading condition is in-plane opening bending for intrados crack and closing bending for extrados crack. The through-wall crack sizes are 12.5%, 25% and 37.5% of circumferential cross section. Material of pipe bends is assumed to follow elastic behavior. The proposal is made by extensive finite elements analyses using ABAQUS [3], predicted elastic stress intensity factors for pipe bends with non-uniform thickness are compared with finite element results. The results show a good agreement. It may be useful to calculate elastic stress intensity factor for bends with non-uniform thickness without complex modeling and finite analyses.

Influences of Crack Face Bridging Stress and Microstructure on Fracture Toughness of Toughened Alumina Ceramics

2011 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 972-978
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Sakaida ◽  
Hajime Yoshida ◽  
Shotaro Mori
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Crack Face

Three types of polycrystalline alumina, one pressureless and two hot press sintered Al2O3, were used to examine the effects of the characteristics of microstructure and crack face bridging on fracture toughness. The crack opening displacements and microstructures along the pop-in crack of single edge precracked beam (SEPB) specimens were observed in situ at a constant applied stress intensity factor by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bridging stress distribution could be determined from the measured crack opening displacement by three-dimensional finite element analysis, and then the stress intensity factor and stress shielding effect at the crack tip could also be determined. Intergranular microcracks of toughened Al2O3 were deflected by a complicated microstructure, and crack closure due to bridging grains was observed near the crack tip. Bridging stress of Al2O3 was compressive perpendicular to the crack face and was distributed behind the crack tip. The maximum bridging stress of two hot press sintered Al2O3 was about twice as large as that of pressureless sintered Al2O3. The fracture toughness of hot press sintered Al2O3 was, therefore, higher than that of pressureless sintered Al2O3, because the total amount of bridging stress and stress shielding effect increased with increasing magnitude of microcrack deflection and the number of interlocking grains.

Stability Analysis of Bridged Cracks in Brittle Matrix Composites

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ballarini ◽  
S. Muju
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Matrix Crack ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Brittle Matrix ◽  
Matrix Cracks ◽  
Brittle Matrix Composites ◽  
Propagating Crack

The bridging of matrix cracks by fibers is an important toughening mechanism in fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composites. This paper presents the results of a nonlinear finite element analysis of the Mode I propagation of a bridged matrix crack in a finite size specimen. The composite is modeled as an orthotropic continuum and the bridging due to the fibers is modeled as a distribution of tractions that resist crack opening. A critical stress intensity factor criterion is employed for matrix crack propagation, while a critical crack opening condition is used for fiber failure. The structural response of the specimen (load-deflection curves) as well as the stress intensity factor of the propagating crack is calculated for various constituent properties and specimen configurations for both tensile and bending loading. By controlling the length of the bridged crack, results are obtained that highlight the transition from stable to unstable behavior of the propagating crack.

Stability Analysis of Bridged Cracks in Brittle Matrix Composites

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Ballarini ◽  
Sandeep Muju
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Matrix Crack ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Brittle Matrix ◽  
Matrix Cracks ◽  
Brittle Matrix Composites ◽  
Propagating Crack

The bridging of matrix cracks by fibers is an important toughening mechanism in fiber reinforced brittle matrix composites. This paper presents the results of a non-linear finite element analysis of the Mode-I propagation of a bridged matrix crack in a finite size specimen. The composite is modeled as an orthotropic continuum and the bridging due to the fibers is modeled as a distribution of tractions which resist crack opening. A critical stress intensity factor criterion is employed for matrix crack propagation while a critical crack opening condition is used for fiber failure. The structural response of the specimen (load-deflection curves) as well as the stress intensity factor of the propagating crack are calculated for various constituent properties and specimen configurations for both tensile and bending loading. By controlling the length of the bridged crack results are obtained which highlight the transition from stable to unstable behavior of the propagating crack.

EFG Virtual Crack Closure Technique for the Determination of Stress Intensity Factor

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 3752-3758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Ping Chang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Shi Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Closure ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Virtual Crack Closure Technique ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Closure Technique

The aim of this paper is to introduce a virtual crack closure technique based on EFG method for thread-shape crack. The cracked component is discretized and the displacement field is determined using a coupled FE/EFG method, by which EFG nodes are arranged in the vicinity of crack tip and FE elements in the remain part in order to improve computational efficiency. Two typical parameters, nodal force and crack opening displacement attached to crack tip are calculated by means of setting up an auxiliary FE zone around crack tip. Strain energy release rate (SERR), further stress intensity factor (SIF) are determined by the two parameters. The method to calculate SIF is named as virtual crack closure technique based on EFG method. It is showed by several numerical examples that using the method presented in this paper, SIF on the crack tip can be obtained accurately.

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