Welding Procedure Development for Welding of High Strength Carbon Steel Cladded with Austenitic Stainless Steel 316L by Using Overmatching Filler Metal

2013 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusara Tiyasri ◽  
Bovornchok Poopat
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Procedure

This work aims to develop welding procedure for small diameter longitudinal welded clad pipe made from clad plate. High strength carbon steel base metal bonded with 316L stainless steel clad layer was used in this study. The dissimilar materials at the weld joint and accessibility limitation of small diameter present difficulty in welding process selection to achieve weld soundness. The joint and welding se¬quence are designed to avoid solidification cracking. Nickel base over matching filler is used on the clad side. Typical joint configuration is double V groove weld without clad peel back to minimize the number of passes inside the pipe. Firstly, welding is done on the carbon steel side by using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) with carbon steel electrodes. Then, welding on the clad side is done by using ERNiCrMo-3 filler metal. Two different procedures for the clad side are studied. The first procedure is to weld the clad side by using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding pulse current (GMAW-pulse) and another procedure is to weld the clad side by using the SAW procedure. Hot cracking was observed in the case of SAW procedure at the clad weld centerline due to high heat input and high level of dilution. Mechanical properties and microstructure are evaluated. Clad weld by use of GTAW and GMAW-pulse could give sound weld metal. The tensile and yield strength of all weld metal were found to be greater than that of base metal and 100% shear failures were observed. Charpy impact energy of weld and HAZ at -10°C was found to be over 100 joules. Hardness of weld and HAZ area are surveyed over the weld cross section to determine local hardening. Additionally intergranular corrosion testing was carried out on the clad weld side and then bend testing was done. No crack was observed. Therefore, GTAW and GMAW-pulse clad weld procedure could give required properties according to clad line pipe standard, reduce cost of production and increase productivity compared to the peel back method.

Effect of Filler Metals on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Low Carbon Steel and 316L Stainless Steel Welded Joints

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Mamat ◽  
E. Hamzah ◽  
Z. Ibrahim ◽  
A.M. Rohah ◽  
A. Bahador
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Welding Electrode

In this paper, dissimilar joining of 316L stainless steel to low carbon steel was carried out using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Samples were welded using AWS: ER309L welding electrode for GMAW and AWS: ER316L welding electrode for GTAW process. Determination of mechanical properties and material characterization on the welded joints were carried out using the Instron tensile test machine and an optical microscope respectively. The cross section area of the welded joint consists of three main areas namely the base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and weld metal (WM). It was found that, the yield and tensile strengths of welded samples using ER316L filler metal were slightly higher than the welded sample using ER309L welding electrode. All welded samples fractured at low carbon steel base metal indicating that the regions of ER316L stainless steel base metal, ER316L filler metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) have a higher strength than low carbon steel base metal. It was also found that ER316L welding electrode was the best filler to be used for welding two dissimilar metals between carbon and stainless steel.

Effect of Butt Joint on Mechanical Properties of Welded Low Carbon Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toto Triantoro Budi Wardoyo ◽  
S. Izman ◽  
Denni Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

Effect of variation of the connection (butt joint) in low carbon steel resistance welding (shielded metal arc welding, SMAW) performance is investigated in this paper. Three types of butt joint was varied: square, single V, and double V. The results from tensile test showed that welded specimens are of similar tensile properties with base metal and one another. When hardness test was performed on weld metal, HAZ, and base metal of each specimen,.it was found that weld metal and HAZ were of higher hardness than the base metal. Specimen with square joint exhibits the highest hardness while specimens with single V and double V joints show similar hardness. Microstructure analysis revealed that weld metal of specimen with square joint is of bainite-martensite phases while weld metal of specimens with single V and double V joints are of ferrite-pearlite phases. This difference in microstructure, and hence in hardness, is related to the corresponding heat input during welding.

Effect of Filler Alloy on Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of Dissimilar Weldment between Aisi 201 Stainless Steel and Low Carbon Steel Sheets Produced by a Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 808-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuaiphan Wichan ◽  
Srijaroenpramong Loeshpahn
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Gas Tungsten Arc ◽  
Weld Metals

The joining of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 201) to low carbon steel sheets (CS) was attempted by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) with four types of consumables. The studied consumables were ER308L, ER309L, ER316L stainless steel wires, and AWS A5.18 carbon steel wire. The welding parameters – i.e. the current of 90 A and the welding speed of 62 mm.min-1 – were fixed in all welding operations. The microstructure of weld metal produced by stainless steel consumables consisted of delta ferrite in austenite matrix. The delta ferrite in the form of continuous dendrite was observed in weld metals produced by 308L and 309L fillers. The dendrite of delta ferrite was relatively discontinuous in weld metal produced by 316L filler. The microstructure of weld metal produced by carbon steel filler consisted of equiaxed ferrite and pearlite, similar to that of carbon steel. The corrosion behavior of weld metal was investigated by potentiodynamic method. Specimens were tested in 0.35-wt% NaCl solution saturated by laboratory air at 27°C. It was found that the corrosion potential of weld metal produced by carbon steel filler was considerably lower than those of AISI 201 base metal and weld metals welded using stainless steel consumables. Weld metals produced by stainless steel fillers –308L,309L and316L– exhibited the similar corrosion potentials as that of 201 base metal. The pitting potentials of weld metals produced by 309L, 316L fillers were higher than those of 201 base metal and weld metal produced by 308L filler respectively. It was discussed that the increase of Cr content in weld metals by using 309L filler contained with 24.791 wt% of Cr, or the addition of Cr and Mo in weld metals by using 316L filler contained with 21.347 wt% of Cr and 2 wt% of Mo, promoted the pitting corrosion resistance of weld metal to be comparable with that of Fe-17Cr-3Ni (201) base metal. An emission spectroscopy was applied to quantify the amount of elements in weld metals. By considering the contents of Cr and Mo, the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) of each weld metal was calculated. The discussion of the corrosion resistance of weld metals related to PREN and microstructure was made in the paper.

Fracture Mechanics of Conventional and Narrow Groove Pulse Current Gas Metal Arc Welds of HSLA Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
Ravi Ranjan Kumar ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

Mechanical and fracture properties of 20MnMoNi55 grade high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel welds have been studied. The weld joints were made using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Pulse Gas Metal Arc Welding (P-GMAW) methods on conventional V-groove (V-Groove) and Narrow groove (NG-13). The base metal and weld metal were characterised in terms of their metallurgical, mechanical and fracture toughness properties by following ASTM procedures. The J-Integral fracture test was carried out using compact tension C(T) specimen for base and weld metal. The fracture toughness and tensile properties of welds have been correlated with microstructure. In conventional V-groove welds prepared by P-GMAW shows the improvement in initiation fracture toughness (JIC) as compared to the weld prepared by SMAW. Similar improvements in tensile properties have also been observed. This is attributed to reduction in co-axial dendrite content due to lower heat input during P-GMAW process as compared to SMAW. In the narrow groove P-GMA weld prepared at f value of 0.15 has shown relative improvement of JIC as compared to that of the weld prepared by SMAW process.

scholarly journals Pengujian Merusak Pada Kualifikasi Prosedur Las Plat Baja Karbon SA-36 dengan Proses Pengelasan SMAW Berdasarkan Standar ASME Section IX

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Rahmatika ◽  
Eko Sutarto ◽  
Agus C. Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Base Metal ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Procedure

Spesifikasi Prosedur Las (Welding Procedure Specification/WPS) merupakan dokumen tertulis yang menjelaskan prosedur pengelasan dan memberikan arahan pada juru las untuk menghasilkan mutu produk las sesuai dengan kode dan standar yang telah ditentukan. WPS merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam proses pengelasan, sehingga perlu proses kualifikasi. WPS dapat dinyatakan terkualifikasi jika memiliki rekaman kualifikasi prosedur (Procedure Qualification Record/PQR). Tahapan kualifikasi WPS dan PQR adalah pembuatan spesimen, pengelasan spesimen, pengujian dan pemeriksaan hasil pengujian spesimen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengujian merusak yaitu pengujian tarik dan pengujian tekuk (bending) pada prosedur las plat baja karbon rendah SA-36 dengan proses pengelasan SMAW (Shield Metal Arc Welding). Jenis pengujian dan jumlah spesimen mengacu pada standar ASME BPVC (Boiler Pressure Vessel) Section IX. Total jumlah spesimen uji adalah 6 (enam) spesimen dengan rincian yaitu 2 (dua) spesimen uji tarik, 2 (dua) spesimen uji face bend, dan 2 (dua) spesimen uji root bend. Preparasi spesimen pengujian tarik mengacu pada QW-462.1.(a) dan preparasi spesimen pengujian bending mengavcu pada QW-463.1.(a) standar ASME BVPC Section IX. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian tarik spesimen, didapatkan kekuatan tarik maksimum rata-rata sebesar 439,75 MPa dengan lokasi patahan berada di daerah logam dasar (base metal). Mengacu pada syarat keberterimaan (acceptance criteria) uji tarik menurut QW-153.1. standar ASME BPVC Section IX, maka spesimen tersebut dinyatakan lulus uji. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian bending, terdapat cacat terbuka (open discontinuity) maksimum sebesar 1,5 mm. Dengan adanya cacat terbuka

Development of Welding Procedures for X90-Grade Seamless Pipes for Riser Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Nagayama ◽  
Masahiko Hamada ◽  
Mark F. Mruczek ◽  
Mark Vickers ◽  
Nobuyuki Hisamune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Flux Cored Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Procedure ◽  
Submerged Arc

Ultra-high strength seamless pipes of X90 and X100 grades have been developed for deepwater or ultra-deepwater applications. Girth welding procedure specifications (WPSs) should be developed for the ultra-high strength pipes. However, there is little information for double jointing welding procedure by using submerged arc welding process for high strength line pipes. This paper describes mechanical test results of submerged arc welding (SAW) and gas shielded flux cored arc welding (GSFCAW) trials with various welding consumables procured from commercial markets. Welds were then made with typical welding parameters for riser productions using high strength X90 seamless pipes. The submerged arc weld metal strength could increase by increasing alloy elements in weld metal. The weld metal with CE (IIW) value of 0.74 mass% achieved fully overmatching for the X90 pipe. The weld metal yield strength (0.2% offset) was 694 MPa, and the ultimate tensile strength was 833 MPa. It was also confirmed that the reduction of boron in weld metal can improve low temperature toughness of high strength weld metal. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the HAZ has excellent mechanical properties and toughness for riser applications. In this study GSFCAW procedures were also developed. GSFCAW can be used for joining pipe and connector material for riser production welding. The weld metal with a CE (IIW) value of 0.54 mass% could meet the required strength level for X90-grade pipe as specified in ISO 3183. Cross weld tensile testing showed that fractures were achieved in the base metal. Good Charpy impact properties in weld metal and HAZ were also confirmed.

Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties of Steels and Their Weld Metals

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Itoh ◽  
H. Kashiwaya
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Weld Metals ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

Completely reversed, strain-controlled, low-cycle fatigue behavior at room temperature is investigated for steels and their weld metals. Weld metal specimens were taken from multi-pass weld metal deposited by shield metal arc welding (SMAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW), such that their gage length consisted entirely of the weld metal. Results indicate that there is a trend toward reduction in the low-cycle fatigue life of weld metals as compared with the base metals. In low carbon steel weld metals, the tendency described above is explained in terms of local plastic strain concentration by lack of uniformity of the multi-pass weld metals. The weld metals do not have the same mechanical properties anywhere as confirmed by hardness distribution, and the fatigue crack grows preferentially through the temper softened region in the multi-pass welds. In Type 308 stainless steel weld metals, the ductility reduction causes reductions in low-cycle fatigue life. This study leads to the conclusion that fairly accurate estimates of the low-cycle fatigue life of weld metals can be obtained using Manson’s universal slope method. However, life estimates of the Type 304 stainless steel is difficult due to a lack of ductility caused by a deformation-induced martensitic transformation.

scholarly journals Twin-Wire Pulsed Tandem Gas Metal Arc Welding of API X80 Steel Linepipe

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wenhao Wu ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Yanxia Zhang ◽  
Tong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
X80 Steel

Twin-Wire Pulsed Tandem Gas Metal Arc Welding process with high welding production efficiency was used to join the girth weld seam of API X80 steel linepipe of 18.4 mm wall thickness and 1422 mm diameter. The macrostructure, microstructure, hardness, and electrochemical corrosion behavior of welded joints were studied. Effects of temperature and Cl− concentration on the corrosion behavior of base metal and weld metal were investigated. Results show that the welded joint has good morphology, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of both the base metal and the weld metal decreases with increasing temperature or Cl− concentration. In the solution with high Cl− concentration, the base metal and weld metal are more susceptible to pitting. The corrosion resistance of the weld metal is slightly lower than that of the base metal.

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