Methods of Determination of the Fuel Consumption of the Locomotive Diesel-Electric Propulsion System for Regular Operating Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 597 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Paweł Kortas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Measuring Error ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Utilization Data ◽  
Locomotive Diesel

In order to determine the fuel consumption during operation of locomotive it is necessary to work out the characteristics of fuel consumption vs. power produced by propulsion system. These characteristics can be obtained during tests in a diagnostic stand equipped with water rheostat, which allows to simulate any load on the main generator. Another method depends on utilization data from monitoring system of the propulsion system, obtained during regular operation of the locomotive. The main disadvantage of this method is lack of long-term constant loads, which is caused by frequently changing operating conditions. This has a major impact on the measuring error, which can be minimized by suitable utilization of a large number of measurements. Practical remarks of those methods usage have been presented in this paper.

Marine Gas Turbine Performance Model for More Electric Ships

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Koutsothanasis ◽  
Anestis I. Kalfas ◽  
Georgios Doulgeris
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Creep Life ◽  
Hull Fouling ◽  
Turbine Performance

This paper presents the benefits of the more electric vessels powered by hybrid engines and investigates the suitability of a particular prime-mover for a specific ship type using a simulation environment which can approach the actual operating conditions. The performance of a mega yacht (70m), powered by two 4.5MW recuperated gas turbines is examined in different voyage scenarios. The analysis is accomplished for a variety of weather and hull fouling conditions using a marine gas turbine performance software which is constituted by six modules based on analytical methods. In the present study, the marine simulation model is used to predict the fuel consumption and emission levels for various conditions of sea state, ambient and sea temperatures and hull fouling profiles. In addition, using the aforementioned parameters, the variation of engine and propeller efficiency can be estimated. Finally, the software is coupled to a creep life prediction tool, able to calculate the consumption of creep life of the high pressure turbine blading for the predefined missions. The results of the performance analysis show that a mega yacht powered by gas turbines can have comparable fuel consumption with the same vessel powered by high speed Diesel engines in the range of 10MW. In such Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) environment the gas turbine provides a comprehensive candidate as a prime mover, mainly due to its compactness being highly valued in such application and its eco-friendly operation. The simulation of different voyage cases shows that cleaning the hull of the vessel, the fuel consumption reduces up to 16%. The benefit of the clean hull becomes even greater when adverse weather condition is considered. Additionally, the specific mega yacht when powered by two 4.2MW Diesel engines has a cruising speed of 15 knots with an average fuel consumption of 10.5 [tonne/day]. The same ship powered by two 4.5MW gas turbines has a cruising speed of 22 knots which means that a journey can be completed 31.8% faster, which reduces impressively the total steaming time. However the gas turbine powered yacht consumes 9 [tonne/day] more fuel. Considering the above, Gas Turbine looks to be the only solution which fulfills the next generation sophisticated high powered ship engine requirements.

scholarly journals Impact of a Hybrid Assisted Wheelchair Propulsion System on Motion Kinematics during Climbing up a Slope

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Wieczorek ◽  
Łukasz Warguła ◽  
Dominik Rybarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Amplification Coefficient ◽  
Wheelchair Propulsion ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Manual Propulsion ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Impact

Overcoming terrain obstacles presents a major problem for people with disabilities or with limited mobility who are dependent on wheelchairs. An engineering solution designed to facilitate the use of wheelchairs are assisted-propulsion systems. The objective of the research described in this article is to analyze the impact of the hybrid manual–electric wheelchair propulsion system on the kinematics of the anthropotechnical system when climbing hills. The tests were carried out on a wheelchair ramp with an incline of 4°, using a prototype wheelchair with a hybrid manual–electric propulsion system in accordance with the patent application P.427855. The test subjects were three people whose task was to propel the wheelchair in two assistance modes supporting manual propulsion. The first mode is hill-climbing assistance, while the second one is assistance with propulsion torque in the propulsive phase. During the tests, several kinematic parameters of the wheelchair were monitored. An in-depth analysis was performed for the amplitude of speed during a hill climb and the number of propulsive cycles performed on a hill. The tests performed showed that when propelling the wheelchair only using the hand rims, the subject needed an average of 13 ± 1 pushes on the uphill slope, and their speed amplitude was 1.8 km/h with an average speed of 1.73 km/h. The climbing assistance mode reduced the speed amplitude to 0.76 km/h. The torque-assisted mode in the propulsive phase reduced the number of cycles required to climb the hill from 13 to 6, while in the climbing assistance mode the number of cycles required to climb the hill was reduced from 12 to 10 cycles. The tests were carried out at various values of assistance and assistance amplification coefficient, and the most optimally selected parameters of this coefficient are presented in the results. The tests proved that electric propulsion assistance has a beneficial and significant impact on the kinematics of manual wheelchair propulsion when compared to a classic manual propulsion system when overcoming hills. In addition, assistance and assistance amplification coefficient were proved to be correlated with operating conditions and the user’s individual characteristics.

Design of Risk Prediction Assessment for Ship-Integrated Electric Propulsion System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhi ◽  
Zhiyu Zhu ◽  
Wanlu Zhu ◽  
Haiyang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Viterbi Algorithm ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Electric Propulsion System ◽  
The Future

A design of risk prediction assessment is proposed to improve the safety and economy of ship-integrated electric propulsion system(SIEPS). Firstly, the article puts forward a multihidden Markov model (MHMM)–Viterbi algorithm to predict fault state probabilities of each component in the continuous time points in the future. Secondly, according to the influence of dynamic ocean condition, the fault states of the components of SIEPS are predicted by using the MHMM–Viterbi algorithm. Thirdly, the risk assessment system of network topology of SIEPS is designed, and power flow analysis under the abnormal condition is repeatedly calculated by using the MonteCarlo simulation. Finally, the article takes a SIEPS as an example and the risk prediction assessment results is given. Introduction With the establishment of increasingly stringent standards by the International Maritime Organization in terms of ship emissions and the increasing scarcity of petroleum resources, electric propulsion systems are gradually replacing internal combustion engines, which will become the future direction of ship power development. Electric propulsion ships do have many advantages such as high efficiency, high automation, environmental protection, energy saving, and emission reduction. However, ship-integrated electric propulsion system(SIEPS) is also the soft underbelly of electric propulsion ships. First of all, the complexity of the external environment factors such as high humidity and high salinity of ships (especially marine vessels) under long-term operating conditions, and the coupling of electromagnetic, thermal, and vibration signals of SIEPS will increase the failure rate of electrical equipment, thereby increasing the risk of SIEPS. Secondly, for electric propulsion ships, the SIEPS risk is likely to lead to chain failure of important systems such as power, control, navigation, resulting in the ship. Equipment and even personnel cause irreparable damage, causing fatal damage to electric propulsion ships. Therefore, in order to improve the safety, reliability, and economy of electric propulsion ships, it is necessary to carry out research on relevant technologies for SIEPS risk assessment (Wen et al. 2012; Guangfu et al. 2013).

scholarly journals Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Hybrid Electric Propulsion System for Light Aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3969
Author(s):  
Massimo Cardone ◽  
Bonaventura Gargiulo ◽  
Enrico Fornaro
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Electric Propulsion System ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric

This article presents a numerical model of an aeronautical hybrid electric propulsion system (HEPS) based on an energy method. This model is designed for HEPS with a total power of 100 kW in a parallel configuration intended for ultralight aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The model involves the interaction between the internal combustion engine (ICE), the electric motor (EM), the lithium battery and the aircraft propeller. This paper also describes an experimental setup that can reproduce some flight phases, or entire missions, for the reference aircraft class. The experimental data, obtained by reproducing two different take-offs, were used for model validation. The model can also simulate anomalous operating conditions. Therefore, the tests chosen for the model validation are characterized by the EM flux weakening (“de-fluxing”). This model is particularly suitable for preliminary stages of design when it is necessary to characterize the hybrid system architecture. Moreover, this model helps with the choice of the main components (e.g., ICE, EM, and transmission gear ratio). The results of the investigation conducted for different battery voltages and EM transmission ratios are shown for the same mission. Despite the highly simplified model, the average margin of error between the experimental and simulated results was generally under 5%.

scholarly journals Impact of a Hybrid Assisted Wheelchair Propulsion System on Motion Kinematics during Climbing Up a Slope

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Wieczorek ◽  
Łukasz Warguła ◽  
Dominik Rybarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Amplification Coefficient ◽  
Wheelchair Propulsion ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Manual Propulsion ◽  
The Impact

Overcoming terrain obstacles presents a major problem for people with disabilities or with limited mobility who are dependent on wheelchairs. An engineering solution designed to facilitate the use of wheelchairs are assisted propulsion systems. The objective of the research described in this article is to analyse the impact of the hybrid manual-electric wheelchair propulsion system on the kinematics of the anthropotechnical system when climbing hills. The tests were carried out on a wheelchair ramp with an incline degree of 4°, using a prototype wheelchair with a hybrid manual-electric propulsion system in accordance with the patent application P.427855. The test subjects were three people whose task was to propel the wheelchair in two assistance modes supporting manual propulsion. The first mode is hill climbing assistance, while the second one is assistance with propulsion torque in the propulsive phase. During the tests, a number of kinematic parameters of the wheelchair were monitored. An in-depth analysis was performed for the amplitude of speed during a hill climb and the number of propulsive cycles performed on a hill. The tests performed showed that when propelling the wheelchair only using the hand rims, the subject needed an average of 13 pushes on the uphill slope, and their speed amplitude was 1.8 km/h with an average speed of 1.73 km/h. The climbing assistance mode reduced the speed amplitude to 0.76 km/h, while the torque assisted mode in the propulsive phase reduced the number of cycles required to climb the hill from 13 to 6. The tests were carried out at various values of assistance and assistance amplification coefficient, and the most optimally selected parameters of this coefficient were presented in the results. The tests proved that electric propulsion assistance has a beneficial and significant impact on the kinematics of manual wheelchair propulsion when compared to a classic manual propulsion system when overcoming hills. In addition, assistance and assistance amplification coefficient were proved to be correlated to operating conditions and the user's individual characteristics.

Experimental evaluation of a hybrid electric propulsion system for small UAVs

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-736
Author(s):  
Leonardo Machado ◽  
Jay Matlock ◽  
Afzal Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Electric Propulsion System ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Purpose This paper aims to experimentally evaluate the performance of a parallel hybrid propulsion system for use in small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Design/methodology/approach The objective is to combine all the individual components of the hybrid electric propulsion system (HEPS) into a modular test bench to characterize the performance of a parallel hybrid propulsion system, and to evaluate a rule-based controller based on the ideal operating line concept for the control of the power plant. Electric motor (EM) designed to supplement the power of the internal combustion engine (ICE) to reduce the overall fuel consumption, with the supervisory controller optimizing ICE torque. Findings The EM was able to supplement the power of the ICE to reduce fuel consumption, and proved the capability of acting as a generator to recharge the batteries drawing from ICE power. Furthermore, the controller showed that it is possible to reduce the fuel consumption with a HEPS when compared to its gasoline counterpart by running simulated representative UAV missions. The findings also highlighted the challenges to build and integrate the HEPS in small UAVs. Originality/value The modularity of the test bench allows each component to be changed to assess its impact on the performance of the system. This allows for further exploration and improvements of the HEPS in a controlled environment.

THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE LAYER QUALITY ON THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF MACHINE PARTS UNDER MACHINING

Tribologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav F. BEZYAZYCHNY ◽  
Marian SZCZEREK
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Surface Layer Quality ◽  
The Impact

The paper highlights the classification of the quality parameters of the surface layer and their influence on the performance characteristics of machine parts, such as wear resistance, long-term and endurance strength, as well as the influence of quality parameters of the surface layer on the performance characteristics subject to the operating conditions (various temperatures and loads). The paper expounds the impact of machining conditions on the formation of surface layer quality indices and provides calculated dependences for the determination of surface layer quality parameters.

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