ENT SURGEONS AS MASTER TRAINERS OF CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY WILL SAVE PRECIOUS LIVES IN EMERGENCIES

Objective: To train young doctors and paramedical staff on needle cricothyroidotomy and surgical cricothyroidotomy and provision of kits in trauma centers, main operation theatres and medical reception centers of the hospitals. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Peshawar and Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa, Karachi Pakistan, from Nov 2017 to Oct 2020. Methodology: Doctors and paramedical staff were selected on volunteer basis. Small groups were trained in 2-3hours. The participants were shown two videos of two procedures in Urdu language first and then were trained on mannequin. Results: A total of 345 participants including 205 males and 140 females were trained with mean age was 28.2667 ± 6.24 (SD) years. Out of 61 residents, 54 medical officers, 143 house officers, 35 nurses and 52 paramedical staff were participants. Conclusion: ENT surgeons must arrange mannequins and conduct training sessions of small groups after every 1 to 2 months.

A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO SURVIVABILITY ASSESSMENT IN NAVAL SHIP CONCEPT DESIGN

I first want to congratulate the authors with their result in an attempt to address survivability assessment in the concept design phase of a naval ship. Especially the developed method for assessing “recoverability” as an integrated part of “survivability” is very original as well as a very practical and transparent approach. This method fits very well with the level of design information that can be made available during concept phase and the need for design decisions on this matter. Existing, more accurate methods for assessing these aspects often require much more design information, often only available much later in the design process when the freedom to further improve the design, based on these results of the assessment, has been reduced dramatically.

CFD PREDICTION OF THE TRAJECTORY OF HOT EXHAUST FROM THE FUNNEL OF A NAVAL SHIP IN THE PRESENCE OF SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE

The superstructure of a modern naval ship is fitted with multitude of sensors for electronic surveillance, weapon discharge, navigation, communication and varieties of deck handling equipment. Locating these electronic equipment/sensors and its integration on board is of paramount importance to achieve optimal operational performance of the naval vessel. Among the many problems in locating these sensors (like stability, EMC EMI etc.,), the presence of entrapped hot gases from the ship exhaust affects the functioning of these electronics. Hence the prediction of temperature profile and trajectories of the ship exhaust plume from the funnel around the superstructure during the design stage is a mandatory requirement for positioning the sensors on superstructure. This trajectory prediction is not amenable to theoretical analysis or empirical calculation procedures in the modern warship superstructure. Experimental and CFD studies conducted on ship superstructure are the only reliable tools that are available to estimate temperature field as well as to study the exhaust smoke superstructure interaction on ships. This paper presents the CFD simulation of the published results for two cases, namely hot jet in a cross flow and hot exhaust with a cross flow on a generic frigate. Simulations have been made using k-ɛ turbulence model with different values of turbulent Schmidt number. It has been observed that temperature field is predicted with reasonable accuracy with turbulent Schmidt number of 0.2.

OPTIMISATION OF NAVAL SHIP COMPARTMENT LAYOUT DESIGN USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

An efficient general arrangement is a cornerstone of a good ship design. A big part of the whole general arrangement process is finding an optimized compartment layout. This task is especially tricky since the multiple needs are often conflicting, and it becomes a serious challenge for the ship designers. To aid the ship designers, improved and reliable statistical and computation methods have come to the fore. Genetic algorithms are one of the most widely used methods. Islier's algorithm for the multi-facility layout problem and an improved genetic algorithm for the ship layout design problem are discussed. A new, hybrid genetic algorithm incorporating local search technique to further the improved genetic algorithm's practicality is proposed. Further comparisons are drawn between these algorithms based on a test case layout. Finally, the developed hybrid algorithm is implemented on a section of an actual ship, and the findings are presented.

PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN CHILDREN: PATTERN AND CORRELATES AMONG THOSE REPORTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: To determine the pattern of psychiatric disorders among children reporting to the Psychiatry department Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Psychiatry department Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from Feb to Aug 2018. Methodolgy: A total of 100 children, aged between 6-12 years of age, both male and female, meeting the selection criteria of the study, presenting to the Psychiatry department at Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, were enrolled for this study. Informed consent was taken from the parents. The consultant psychiatrist interviewed the patients and diagnosed any psychiatric disorders based on international classification of diseases version 10. The data was recorded on the study proforma. Results: Out of a total of 100 children, 66 (66%) were male, while 34 (34%) were female. The mean age of the participating children was 8.66 + 1.97 years. The most common psychiatric disorder was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 44 (44%), followed by depression 30 (30%). Other diagnoses included oppositional defiant disorder 12 (12%), conduct disorder 9 (9%) and separation anxiety disorder 5 (5%). Conclusion: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression are amongst the quite prevalent psychiatric disorders, than that was considered earlier.