Conversion Enhancement of Vinyl Acetate Monomer to Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion through Emulsion Polymerization Method

Synthesis of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) through the conversion of Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) was carried out by emulsion polymerization method assisted by thermal initiator Ammonium persulfate (APS) under reaction temperature was kept at 70 °C – 80 °C with 5 hours of reaction time and agitation speed at 300 rpm. The polymerization reaction was running used batch process technique where is all components were mixed all together simultaneously. A set of polymerization reactions was conducted when the absence of surfactant and cationic and amphoteric surfactant presence. The monomer chain's double bond was found at 1645 cm-1 was measured by FTIR Spectrophotometer did not disappear after polymerization reaction was utterly done. The spectrum FTIR of Polyvinyl acetate did not explicitly found at 1644 cm-1. During the reaction, characterization was conducted by measuring the solid content value where the maximum solid content was achieved was 6,1 % when using Amphoteric surfactant while the lowest solid content was obtained when the absence of surfactant. Other parameters were conducted to observe the acidity value by pH Meter.

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The Emulsion Polymerization of Each of Vinyl Acetate and Butyl Acrylate Monomers Using bis (2-ethylhexyl) Maleate for Improving the Physicomechanical Properties of Paints and Adhesive Films

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2009/731971 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. A. Shaffei ◽

A. B. Moustafa ◽

A. I. Hamed

Keyword(s):

Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Butyl Acrylate ◽

Polyvinyl Acetate ◽

Physicomechanical Properties ◽

Polymerization Reaction ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Acrylate Copolymer ◽

Water Sensitivity ◽

Acrylate Monomers

Improving the water sensitivity of polyvinyl acetate PVAc films as well as pressure sensitivity, adhesion and washability of polybutyl acrylate were achieved by using bis (2-ethylhexyl) maleate (BEHM). The emulsion polymerization kinetics of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate in presence of BEHM was studied. The order of the polymerization reaction with respect to the BEHM in presence of each of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate was studied. The physicomechanical properties of the polyvinyl acetate films and vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate copolymer films were studied in presence of BEHM and the obtained results were matched with those prepared in the presence of pluronic F 108 and showed superior values. The obtained mean average molecular weights were found to be smaller in presence of BEHM assuring the presence of chain transfer reaction.

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THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACTANT AND PROTECTIVE COLLOID ON POLYVINYL ACETATE EMULSION SYNTHESIZED BY EMULSION POLYMERIZATION TECHNIQUE

SPEKTRA Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya ◽

10.21009/spektra.053.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 169-176

Author(s):

Adam Jaya ◽

M. A. Elita Hafizah ◽

A. Manaf ◽

Andreas Andreas

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Polyvinyl Acetate ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Solid Content ◽

Agitation Speed ◽

Polymerization Reaction ◽

Protective Colloid ◽

Reaction Stage ◽

Vinyl Acetate Monomer ◽

Series Of Experiments

A series of experiments have been carried out and reported. This report describes the stages of the polymerization reaction during emulsion Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) synthesis. PVAc was synthesized from the Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) with Ammonium Peroxydisulphate (APS) as an inorganic thermal initiator in the aqueous media under reaction temperature was keep at 65 until 75oCs by agitation speed was 300 rpm respectively during 4 hours of reaction time. The protective colloid agents and several types of surfactants were added to improve the obtained emulsion PVAc performance. The polymerization reaction was carried out without the addition of a protective colloid agent. The surfactants were produced the emulsion PVAc with the properties of solid content 0.89%, density 1.02 g/ml, viscosity 0.0033 Poise, pH 2.8, conductivity 12 ms, respectively. While the polymerization reaction involved protective colloid agents by using Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH) was obtained properties of emulsion PVAc with Solid Content 4.36%, density 1.17 g/ml, viscosity 0.0216 Poise, pH 2.8, and conductivity 10 ms respectively. The same thing was shown when the surfactant was present in the polymerization reaction. The emulsion PVAc was synthesized with nonionic surfactant has solid content 8.20%, density 1.17 g/ml, viscosity 0.0099 Poise, pH 2.8, and conductivity 7 ms, the result is better rather than synthesized with anionic surfactant has solid content 2.65%, density 1.13 g/ml, viscosity 0.0068 Poise, pH 2.8, and conductivity 11 ms. According to the preliminary observations obtained, emulsion PVAc’s appearance is better when the protective colloid agents and the surfactant is present rather than without additional those substances. The physical properties of emulsion were depended on the addition of protective colloid agents and surfactants. In addition, the complete reaction indicated by solid content value was obtained from emulsion when the additional substances were present. All the testing parameters were observed using Viscometer Ostwald, Pycnometer, pH Meter, FTIR Spectrophotometer, Conductometer, and another supporting testing to explain the polymerization reaction stage of synthesis emulsion PVAc.

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The copolymer of polyvinyl acetate containing lignin-vinyl acetate monomer: Synthesis and characterization

European Polymer Journal ◽

10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109411 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 109411

Author(s):

Nana Zhang ◽

Shoujuan Wang ◽

Magdi E. Gibril ◽

Fangong Kong

Keyword(s):

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Polyvinyl Acetate ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Vinyl Acetate Monomer

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Process Characterization of Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsions Applying Inline Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy at High Solid Contents

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13040669 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 669

Author(s):

Stephanie Schlappa ◽

Lee Josephine Brenker ◽

Lena Bressel ◽

Roland Hass ◽

Marvin Münzberg

Keyword(s):

Light Scattering ◽

Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Polyvinyl Acetate ◽

Density Wave ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Photon Density ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Protective Colloid

The high solids semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of polyvinyl acetate using poly (vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) as protective colloid is investigated by optical spectroscopy. The suitability of Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy as inline Process Analytical Technology (PAT) for emulsion polymerization processes at high solid contents (>40% (w/w)) is studied and evaluated. Inline data on absorption and scattering in the dispersion is obtained in real-time. The radical polymerization of vinyl acetate to polyvinyl acetate using ascorbic acid and sodium persulfate as redox initiator system and poly (vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) as protective colloid is investigated. Starved–feed radical emulsion polymerization yielded particle sizes in the nanometer size regime. PDW spectroscopy is used to monitor the progress of polymerization by studying the absorption and scattering properties during the synthesis of dispersions with increasing monomer amount and correspondingly decreasing feed rate of protective colloid. Results are compared to particle sizes determined with offline dynamic light scattering (DLS) and static light scattering (SLS) during the synthesis.

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Green Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Using Maghnite-Na+, an Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay, as an Ecologic Catalyst

Chemistry & Chemical Technology ◽

10.23939/chcht15.02.183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 183-190

Author(s):

Badia Imene Cherifi ◽

◽

Mohammed Belbachir ◽

Souad Bennabi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Polyvinyl Acetate ◽

Polymerization Reaction ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

Thermal Insulator ◽

Simple Filtration ◽

Renewable Material ◽

Ft Ir

In this work, the green polymerization of vinyl acetate is carried out by a new method which consists in the use of clay called Maghnite-Na+ as an ecological catalyst, non-toxic, inexpensive and recyclable by a simple filtration. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that Maghnite-Na+ is successfully obtained after cationic treatment (sodium) on crude maghnite. It is an effective alternative to replace toxic catalysts such as benzoyl peroxide and azobisisobutyronitrile which are mostly used during the synthesis of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) making the polymerization reaction less problematic for the environment. The synthesis reaction is less energetic by the use of recycled polyurethane as a container for the reaction mixture and is considered as a renewable material and a good thermal insulator maintaining the temperature of 273 K for 6 h. The reaction in bulk is also preferred to avoid the use of a solvent and therefore to stay in the context of green chemistry. In these conditions, the structure of obtained polymer is established by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was also used to confirm the structure of PVAc. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that it is thermally stable and starts to degrade at 603 K while differential scanning calorimetry showed that this polymer has a glass transition temperature Tg of 323 K.

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R-ATRP of Acrylamide under the Action of Iron Complex System in Inverse Emulsion

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.521 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 781-784 ◽

pp. 521-525

Author(s):

Qian Yun Wang ◽

Ya Feng Cao ◽

Ye Tian ◽

Zhao Li Liu ◽

Yuan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Relationship ◽

Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Kinetic Curve ◽

Ammonium Persulfate ◽

Iron Complex ◽

Polymerization Reaction ◽

Control Effect ◽

Form Complex ◽

Inverse Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Inverse Emulsion

Reaction of acrylamide in inverse emulsion, adding Fe (EDTA)2-, with ammonium persulfate (APS) to form complex initiation system, Fe (EDTA)2 - is oxidized to Fe (EDTA)-, the control effect of the Fe (EDTA)- in the inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylamide was discussed. The results showed that acrylamide in inverse emulsion polymerization reaction by adding Fe (EDTA)2-, When the complex concentration is 2.8×10-4mol/L, n [(NH4)2S2O8]::n (FeSO4):n (Na2EDTA)=1:1:1.10, the reaction time was 6 hours, the amount of emulsifier is 3%,the reaction temperature is 40°C , The rate of conversion of monomer Increased in linear relationship with molecular weight, the final rate of conversion of monomer was 93.16%;a kinetic curve showed a good linear relationship, the coefficient of linear correlation was 0.997,Therefore, the Fe (EDTA) 2 - have dual role firstly as a reducing agent of an oxidation - reduction initiator system and secondly as potential catalyst in reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) .

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Pengaruh Konsentrasi Surfaktan Non-Ionik Terhadap Viskositas Perekat Polivinil Asetat Berbasis Air

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/kovalen.2020.v6.i3.15278 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 165-170

Author(s):

Rony Pasonang Sihombing ◽

Robby Sudarman ◽

Agustinus Ngatin

Keyword(s):

Surfactant Concentration ◽

Polyvinyl Acetate ◽

Ammonium Persulfate ◽

Raw Material ◽

Partial Hydrolysis ◽

Ionic Surfactant ◽

Concentration Variation ◽

Continuous Polymerization ◽

Vinyl Acetate Monomer ◽

Water Based

Substrate combining could be done by using adhesive. In Indonesia, especially industrial field, solvent base adhesives were still being developed. This kind of adhesive was not environmental friendly and not safe handling. Therefore, Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) water-based adhesive was prepared as an outcome of this research as one of solution to overcome the problem above. Effect of surfactant concentration on the viscosity was aimed at this research. Semi continuous polymerization with stirring motor rates on 50 – 500 rpm was used (optional). Pressure of 1 atm, 750C temperature, 5 – 6 hours reaction time for each was used as polymerization operation in this research. Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM), partial hydrolysis Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH), water, Ammonium Persulfate (APS) were prepared as raw material. NP-10 and NP-06 were non-ionic surfactants which each concentration was varied in this research. Water-based adhesive with NP-06 concentration variation resulting in viscosity from 98 m.Pa for 0.17 %wt concentration to 213 m.Pa for 0.68 %wt concentration. While NP-10 concentration variation resulting viscosity from 143 m.Pa for 0.17 %wt to 321 m.Pa for 0.68 %wt concentration. Therefore, adhesive with NP-10 surfactant concentration variable has a higher viscosity rate than NP-06 ones. Keywords: Water-based adhesive, non-ionic surfactant, adhesive viscosity

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