Microstructure Modelling of Solid-State Transformations in Low-Alloy Steel Production

In this work the formation of microstructural banding in a dual-phase steel is investigated by using a three-dimensional cellular automata model for phase transformations. Originally developed for describing the metallurgical processes occurring during the annealing stage of cold-rolled strips, this model is presently applied to investigate microstructural-band formation during the austenite-to-ferrite transformation kinetics during cooling after hot rolling. The recent incorporation in the model of an inhomogeneous concentration of Mn, the alloying element most responsible for the development of microstructural banding, and the local nucleation behaviour dependent on the Mn concentration allows the study of the effect of material and process parameters on the banding formation.

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3D Cellular Automata Modelling of Solid–state Transformations Relevant in Low–alloy Steel Production

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.1140 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 172-174 ◽

pp. 1140-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Giuseppina Mecozzi ◽

C. Bos ◽

Jilt Sietsma

Keyword(s):

Cellular Automata ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Steel Production ◽

Structural Defects ◽

Low Alloy Steels ◽

Transformation Kinetics ◽

Austenite Transformation ◽

Ferrite Transformation ◽

Alloy Steels ◽

Microstructural Modelling

A three-dimensional cellular automata (CA) model is developed for the kinetic and microstructural modelling of the relevant metallurgical mechanisms occurring in the annealing stage of low–alloy steels: recrystallisation, pearlite–to–austenite transformation and ferrite–to–austenite transformation on heating and austenite–to–ferrite transformation on cooling. In this model the austenite–to–ferrite transformation is described by a mixed–mode approach, which implies that the transformation kinetics is controlled by both the interface mobility and the diffusivity of the partitioning elements. This approach also allows incorporation of the ferrite nucleation occurring on structural defects. The developed CA algorithm, in which the transformation rules for the grain boundary and interface cells are controlled by the growth kinetics of the forming phase, allows three-dimensional systems to be treated within relatively short simulation times. The simulated microstructure reproduces quite well the microstructure observed in experimental samples. A good agreement is obtained between the experimental and simulated ferrite recrystallisation and ferrite and austenite transformation kinetics. The present approach also models the development of the carbon concentration profile in the austenite, which is, for instance, essential for subsequent martensite formation.

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Effect of Intercritical Annealing Temperature on Development of Cold Rolled Dual Phase Steel from Q345 Steel

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.693 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 313-314 ◽

pp. 693-696

Author(s):

Ji Yuan Liu ◽

Fu Xian Zhu ◽

Shi Cheng Ma

Keyword(s):

Dual Phase Steel ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Simulation Experiment ◽

Intercritical Annealing ◽

Continuous Annealing ◽

Dual Phase ◽

Automotive Applications ◽

Treatment Procedure ◽

Annealing Temperatures ◽

Cold Rolled

Cold rolled dual phase steel was developed from Q345 steel by heat treatment procedure for automotive applications. The ultimate tensile strength was improved about 100MPa higher than the traditional cold-rolled Q345 steel in the continuous annealing simulation experiment. The microstructure presented varied characteristics in different intercritical annealing temperatures; mechanical properties were changed correspondingly as well. The chief discussions are focus on the recrystallization, hardenability of austenite and martensite transformation in the experiment.

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Numerical simulation of dual-phase steel based on real and virtual three-dimensional microstructures

Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics ◽

10.1007/s00161-021-00980-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Frederik Scherff ◽

Jessica Gola ◽

Sebastian Scholl ◽

Kinshuk Srivastava ◽

Thorsten Staudt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Simulation Model ◽

Dual Phase Steel ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Simultaneous Increase ◽

Dual Phase ◽

Structure Property ◽

Heavy Plate ◽

Property Correlation ◽

Process Route

AbstractDual-phase steel shows a strong connection between its microstructure and its mechanical properties. This structure–property correlation is caused by the composition of the microstructure of a soft ferritic matrix with embedded hard martensite areas, leading to a simultaneous increase in strength and ductility. As a result, dual-phase steels are widely used especially for strength-relevant and energy-absorbing sheet metal structures. However, their use as heavy plate steel is also desirable. Therefore, a better understanding of the structure–property correlation is of great interest. Microstructure-based simulation is essential for a realistic simulation of the mechanical properties of dual-phase steel. This paper describes the entire process route of such a simulation, from the extraction of the microstructure by 3D tomography and the determination of the properties of the individual phases by nanoindentation, to the implementation of a simulation model and its validation by experiments. In addition to simulations based on real microstructures, simulations based on virtual microstructures are also of great importance. Thus, a model for the generation of virtual microstructures is presented, allowing for the same statistical properties as real microstructures. With the help of these structures and the aforementioned simulation model, it is then possible to predict the mechanical properties of a dual-phase steel, whose three-dimensional (3D) microstructure is not yet known with high accuracy. This will enable future investigations of new dual-phase steel microstructures within a virtual laboratory even before their production.

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Simulation of the Texture Evolution During Annealing of Cold Rolled Bcc and Fcc Metals Using a Cellular Automation Approach

Textures and Microstructures ◽

10.1155/tsm.28.211 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 28 (3-4) ◽

pp. 211-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

V. Marx ◽

D. Raabe ◽

O. Engler ◽

G. Gottstein

Keyword(s):

Static Recrystallization ◽

Texture Evolution ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Deformation Texture ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Static Recovery ◽

Fcc Metals ◽

Cellular Automation ◽

Texture Change ◽

Cold Rolled

In this study both primary static recrystallization and static recovery of cold rolled bcc and fcc metals and alloys are numerically simulated using a three-dimensional model that is based on a modified cellular automaton approach. The model considers the influence of the initial deformation texture and microstructure on both static recovery and primary static recrystallization with a high spatial resolution. The cellular automat technique provides both local and statistical information about the kinetics, the morphology and the texture change during annealing. The influence of nucleation and growth can be studied in detail. The simulations are compared to experimental results obtained on fcc and bcc polycrystals.

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Simulation of pit interactions of multi-pit corrosion under an anticorrosive coating with a three-dimensional cellular automata model

Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1361-651x/ac13cb ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xuefeng Liu ◽

Hua Lei ◽

Dongmei Chang

Keyword(s):

Cellular Automata ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cellular Automata Model ◽

Anticorrosive Coating

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Formability Analyses of a Novel Alloy Cold-rolled Batch Annealed Dual Phase Steel

Procedia Manufacturing ◽

10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1211-1216

Author(s):

Emin Tamer ◽

Gulfem Ozgultekin ◽

Okan Poyraz ◽

Celal Seyalioglu

Keyword(s):

Dual Phase Steel ◽

Dual Phase ◽

Cold Rolled

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Austenite formation during intercritical annealing in C-Mn cold-rolled dual phase steel

Journal of Central South University ◽

10.1007/s11771-015-2634-3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1203-1211 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sheng-ci Li ◽

Yong-lin Kang ◽

Guo-ming Zhu ◽

Shuang Kuang

Keyword(s):

Dual Phase Steel ◽

Intercritical Annealing ◽

Austenite Formation ◽

Dual Phase ◽

Cold Rolled

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Effects of Crystallographic Texture on Plastic Flow Localization

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.211 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 340-341 ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

Mitsutoshi Kuroda

Keyword(s):

Shear Band ◽

Plane Strain ◽

Plastic Flow ◽

Texture Component ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cube Texture ◽

Shear Band Formation ◽

Flow Localization ◽

Band Formation ◽

Plastic Flow Localization

In this study, effects of typical texture components observed in rolled aluminum alloy sheets (i.e. Copper, Brass, S, Cube and Goss texture components) on plastic flow localization are studied. The material response is described by a generalized Taylor-type polycrystal model, in which each grain is characterized in terms of an elastic-viscoplastic continuum slip constitutive relation. First, forming limits of thin sheet set by sheet necking are predicted using a Marciniak–Kuczynski (M–K-) type approach. It is shown that only the Cube texture component yields forming limits higher than that for a random texture in the biaxial stretch range. Next, three-dimensional shear band analyses are performed, using a three-dimensional version of M–K-type model, but the overall deformation mode is restricted to a plane strain state. From this simple model analysis, two important quantities regarding shear band formation are obtained: i.e. the critical strain at the onset of shear banding and the corresponding orientation of shear band. It is concluded that the Cube texture component is said to be a shear band free texture, while some texture components exhibit significantly low resistance to shear band formation. Finally, shear band developments in plane strain pure bending of sheet specimens with the typical textures are studied.

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