Investigating the Effect of Vulcanization in Tread Rubber Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kumar ◽  
Rupinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Sulphur Vulcanization ◽  
Present Experimentation ◽  
Vulcanization Process ◽  
Tread Rubber ◽  
Model Strength

Retreading has many potential applications in tyre manufacturing industry. There is a critical need for optimization of vulcanization processes used in tread manufacturing. Not much work hitherto has been reported for optimization of efficient sulphur vulcanization process of the tread manufacturing. The present experimentation work highlights approach to macro-model strength, elongation and hardness during vulcanization of rubber. Relationship between strength, elongation, hardness and other parameter has been deduced by using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA). Results indicate that the hardness, elongation and strength of tread rubber while vulcanization depends significantly on the natural: synthetic rubber ratio (NR: SR), curing time and curing temperature of the rubber.

Vulcanizing of Ebonite. Controlled Curing of Natural and Synthetic Rubber Ebonites of Large Cross-Section

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
N. G. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Considerable Reduction ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract The vulcanizing of ebonite, particularly of large blocks or bars of substantial cross-section, has long been a source of production difficulty. The tendency of such vulcanizates to develop porosity or even more serious gassing has always necessitated a prolonged curing period at a comparatively low temperature. Improved compounding technique has greatly accelerated the curing process, but the period is still excessive and production is impaired. The proposed method of control enables a higher curing temperature to be used, with a consequent considerable reduction in curing time; it further makes possible the use of stocks which previously could not be satisfactorily cured at all above a certain thickness.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Geopolymer from Inorganic Construction Waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arbind Pathak ◽  
Vinay Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Alumino Silicate

Recently, the demolition of old houses and the construction of new buildings in Kathmandu valley are in the peak which in turn generates a huge amount of construction waste. There are two major types of construction wastes which are burden for disposal namely cement-sand-waste (CSW) and the coal fly ash (CFA). These construction wastes are rich source of alumino-silicate and thus used as raw material for the synthesis of geopolymer in this study. Geopolymers have been synthesized from CSW and CFA using NaOH-KOH and Na2SiO3 as activators. Some parameters like alkali concentration, amount of Na2SiO3 and curing time have been varied in order to improve the quality of geopolymeric product. The geopolymerization process has been carried out using 3-8M KOH/NaOH solutions, Na2SiO3 to CFA and CSW mass ratio of 0.25-2.00 and curing time variation from 5-28 days. The curing temperature was fixed at 40ºC in all the cases. 6M NaOH and 7M KOH solutions were found appropriate alkali concentrations while the ratio of sodium silicate to CSW and CFA of 0.5 and 1.75 respectively were found suitable mass ratio for the process of geopolymer synthesis. The maximum compressive strength of only 7.3 MPa after 15 days curing time with CSW raw material was achieved while with CFA, the compressive strength was found to be 41.9 MPa with increasing the curing time up to 28 days.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9334Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  45-51 Uploaded date: 12/16/2013    

Effect of Adhesive Thickness on the Impact Toughness of Butt-Joints

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 1350-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min You ◽  
Jing Rong Hu ◽  
Xiao Ling Zheng ◽  
Ai Ping He ◽  
Cun Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Optimum Thickness ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Butt Joints ◽  
Notched Specimen ◽  
Adhesive Thickness ◽  
The Impact

The effect of the adhesive thickness on the impact toughness of the adhesively bonded steel joint under impact loading is studied using the experimental method. The results obtained show that the impact toughness increases when the adhesive thickness increased then it decrease as the adhesive thickness increase. When the curing time is set as a constant, the higher the curing temperature is, the lower the impact toughness of the joint. The optimum thickness of the adhesive layer for the specimen of impact toughness test cured at 60 C for 1 h is 0.6 mm and it is 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm for the specimen cured 1 h at temperature of 90 C or higher than it. It is recommended using the notched specimen to decrease the testing deviation.

Effects of Cure State on the Ultrasonic Nonlinear Parameter in Adhesive Joints

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoli Liu ◽  
Jianmin Qu ◽  
Laurence J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Harmonic Signal ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Nonlinear Parameter ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Polymer Adhesive ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques ◽  
Transmitted Signal

Abstract The objective of this paper is to characterize the cure state of polymer adhesive joints using nonlinear ultrasonic techniques. To this end, through transmission tests were carried out on joint samples that had been subjected to various curing conditions. In these tests, a 40-cycle harmonic signal was generated by a 2MHz narrow-band PZT transducer as the incident wave. The wave transmitted through the adhesive joint was received with a 4MHz narrow-band PZT transducer. The magnitude of the second order harmonics in the transmitted signal was measured and the corresponding nonlinear parameter β was calculated. A fairly good correlation was observed between the nonlinear parameter and the cure state. It was found that under-curing (lower curing temperature or short curing time) tends to increase the nonlinear parameter.

Effect of Curing Regimes on Metakaolin Geopolymer Pastes Produced from Geopolymer Powder

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liew Yun Ming ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Mohammed Binhussain ◽  
Luqman Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Metakaolin Geopolymer ◽  
Geopolymer Paste

The properties of metakaolin geopolymer paste are affected by the alkali concentration, the initial raw materials, solidification process, and amount of mixing water as well as the curing conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of curing temperature (room temperature, 40°C, 60°C, 80°C and 100°C) and curing time (6h, 12h, 24h, 48h and 72h) on the geopolymer pastes produced from geopolymer powder. The results showed that curing at room temperature was unfeasible. Heat was required for the geopolymerization process, where strength increased as the curing temperature was increased. Moderate elevated curing temperature favored the strength development of geopolymer pastes in comparison with those treated with extreme elevated curing temperature. When geopolymer paste was subjected to extreme elevated curing temperature, shorter curing time should be used to avoid deterioration in strength gain. Similarly, longer curing time was recommended for moderate elevated curing temperature. The microstructure of geopolymer paste cured at moderate curing temperature showed obvious densification of structure. In contrast, the structure formed was weak and less compact at very high elevated curing temperature.

Study on the Durability of Fluorinated Water and Oil Repellent Finishing by Contact Angle Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 1294-1297
Author(s):  
Dian Wei Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhu Cui ◽  
Yan Ling Sui
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Repellent Property ◽  
Finishing Agent ◽  
Oil Repellent ◽  
Angle Method

In this paper, fluorinated water and oil repellent finishing agent was mixed with auxiliary agents and the durability of fabrics treated with the finishing agent was investigated. The water and oil repellent property was discussed and evaluated by contact angle method. The results showed that under the same conditions, adding 0.4% cross-linking agent could make the contact angle of the treated fabric higher than untreated, and the durable-washing property of the fabric was excellent and the durability of fluorinated water and oil repellent finishing agent got improved greatly. The optimum process was that the dosage of water and oil repellent finishing agent was 50g/L, the dosage of cross-linking agent was 4g/L, curing temperature was 160 °C and curing time was 90s.

Effects of Curing Systems on the Strength and Microstructure of Reactive Powder Concrete with Iron Tailing Sands

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Zhu ◽  
Bei Xing Li ◽  
Jin Cheng Liu ◽  
Xing Dong Lv
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Reactive Powder Concrete ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Submicroscopic Structure ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reactive Powder ◽  
Curing Systems

To produce 130MPa reactive powder concrete with iron tailing sands as aggregation in an economic hot curing system, the effects of curing temperature, curing time and curing conditions on the reactive powder concrete was studied, the reasons of the strength of reactive powder concrete in different curing systems has the difference from the submicroscopic structure point of view was analyzed. The results show that use 90°C hot water to cure reactive powder concrete for 48h can lead it’s 28 day compressive strength reaches 140MPa, the flexural strength reaches 28MPa.

Moisture Absorption Finishing of Polyester Fabric

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2182-2185
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Finishing Agent

Polyester fabric was finished by water-absorbent and quick-dry agent Casofter-252 and moisture management agent Hipom-790 for improving its moisture management property. The quality of moisture absorption finishing of the polyester fabric was detected in terms of wicking height and fast drying time. And the influence of agent concentration, pH, and curing temperature and time on moisture management property was studied in order to obtain the optimum process condition. The best choice for Casofter-252 was agent concentration 20g/L, pH 3, curing temperature 135 oC, curing time 120s, and the optimum finishing condition for Hipom-790 was as follows: agent concentration 30g/L, pH 5, curing at 115 oC for 140 s. The finished polyester fabric under the optimum condition showed much better air permeability. The tensile strength of the fabric increased after moisture finishing with Hipom-790 while it decreased for Casofter-252 used as a finishing agent.

Experimental Study of a Certain Type of Aircraft Structure Repair Adhesive

2014 ◽  
Vol 633-634 ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Yang Huang ◽  
Ling Tian
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Aircraft Structure ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Structure Damage ◽  
Epoxy Resin Adhesive ◽  
Modified Epoxy

Based on a certain type of aircraft structure repair adhesive was studied, the curing temperature of aircraft structure repair commonly used adhesive process of high, long curing time, curing thermal stress problem, with epoxy resin as basic material, by adding elastic toughening Ding Jin g rubber, curing agent and silane coupling agent modification on Toughening of epoxy resin. The mechanical properties of adhesive were analyzed through the cyclic loading test and tensile shear test, and the best ratio of modified epoxy resin adhesive. The adhesive prepared at 80 °C for 90 min after curing shear strength can reach 35MPa, which can meet the aircraft structure damage daily emergency repair requirements.

Mechanical Strength of Lime-Rice Husk Ash Mortars: A Preliminary Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Méndez ◽  
M.V. Borrachero ◽  
J. Payá ◽  
J.M. Monzó
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Pozzolanic Material ◽  
Binder Composition ◽  
Preliminary Study

Rice is produced in many countries in the world, and this product permits to feed a lot of people, most of them in developing countries. Approximately one tone of rice produces 200 Kg of rice husk, and when this rice husk is burnt 20% of rice husk ash (RHA) is obtained. A very important part of rice husk is abandoned in the field producing environmental problems. RHA can be obtained by controlled combustion, when this fact occurs, a good quality RHA is produced. This RHA can be used as a pozzolanic material in mixtures with lime or Portland cement, producing good mechanical properties and durability. In this work a preliminary results about the influence of RHA/lime ratio on workability and mortars strength was studied. The results showed that mortars workability improves when RHA/lime ratio do. Compressive strength (Cs) of mortars with different RHA/lime ratios was studied, in this sense, for 28 days curing time at 20°C an increase of Cs when RHA/lime ratio do is observed. However for 90 and 180 days curing time a maximum or Cs for RHA/lime equal to 2 is obtained. The lowest and highest Cs values obtained were 6 and 18 MPa respectively, when 20°C curing temperature was used. When curing temperature increases until 65°C similar tendency of Cs respecting RHA/lime ratio was observed. A preliminary study of binders for using in mortars tiles reveals that at least low quantities of Portland cement must be included in binder composition in order to obtain short term strengths that make easy tile demoulding process.

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