Effects of Dodecanoic Acid Modified SIO2 on Filler Dispersion and Ionic Conductivity of PMMA/ENR 50/LIBF4 Electrolytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 528-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Izzati Husna Mohd Azuan ◽  
Famiza Abdul Latif ◽  
Sharil Fadli Mohamad Zamri
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Bonding Interaction ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Overall Performance

Previously, the addition of silicon dioxide (SiO2) improved the homogeneity of polymethyl methacrylate/50 % epoxidised natural rubber (PMMA/ENR 50) blend. However, the presence of SiO2 agglomerates limits its overall performance. The formation of these agglomerates was due to the hydrogen bonding interaction that form between the oxygen atoms in silanol groups (Si-OH) and hydrogen atoms from the surrounding moisture. Therefore, in this study, SiO2 were modified with dodecanoic acid (DOA) to reduce the number of Si-OH on the SiO2 surface using esterification technique. Interestingly, it was found that the addition of DOA modified SiO2 (D-SiO2) improves the homogeneity of PMMA/ENR 50 blend. However, the amount of DOA used in the modification affect the capability of forming hydrogen bonding with the neighbouring of polymer chain. Different amounts of DOA were used upon the surface modification of SiO2 filler and then were added into PMMA/ENR 50 blends doped with lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4). The films were prepared by solvent casting technique. CHNS analysis proven the increases of percentage of carbon atoms in D-SiO2. The attachment of DOA on SiO2 surface was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ionic conductivity of PMMA/ENR 50/LiBF4 filled D-SiO2 films was measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The result shows the blend properties and ionic conductivity of PMMA/ENR 50 filled D-SiO2 films was improved due to surface modification of SiO2 filler.

Effect of Propylene Carbonate on Ionic Conductivity of MG49-TiO2-LiClO4 Composites Polymer Electrolytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizan Ahmad ◽  
Shwu Ping Low ◽  
Fadwa Saad Addaokali Almakhzoom ◽  
Mohd Yusri Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Solution Casting Technique

The effect of plasticizer (PC) on the conductivity and chemical interaction of polymer electrolyte of MG49–PC–LiClO4–TiO2 has been investigated. The electrolyte films were successfully prepared by solution casting technique. Alternating current electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to investigate the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte films at 25 °C, and the analysis showed that the addition of propylene carbonate (PC) plasticizer has increased the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte up to its optimum level. The highest conductivity of 2.54×10−4 Scm−1 was obtained at 30 wt.% of PC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement was employed to study the interactions between lithium ions and oxygen atoms that occurred at carbonyl (C=O) and ether (C-O-C) groups. XRD pattern showed that the crystallinity phase was reduced at the highest conductivity.

The Effect of LiCF3SO3 Complexed MG30-PEMA Blend Solid Polymer Electrolyte

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Siti Fadzilah Ayub ◽  
R. Zakaria ◽  
K. Nazir ◽  
A.F. Aziz ◽  
Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Concentration Maximum ◽  
Conductivity Increase ◽  
Maximum Conductivity

In this work, solid polymer electrolyte compose of blended 30% poly (methyl methacrylate) grafted natural rubber (MG30)-poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) polymer blend doped with Lithium trimethasulfonate (LiCF3SO3) films were prepared by solution casting technique. . FTIR analysis showed that the interactions between lithium ions and oxygen atoms occur at the carbonyl functional group C=O where there is shifting in wavenumber from 1728 cm-1 of pure blend to lower wavenumber of blended MG30-PEMA on the MMA structure in both MG30 and PEMA. DSC analysis showed miscibility of polymer blend. From Electrochemical Impedance Spectrocopy analysis, ionic conductivity increase with the increasing of salt concentration. Maximum conductivity at room temperature is 9.20 x 10-6 Scm-1 was obtained when 30 wt% of LiCF3SO3 was added into the system. Ionic conductivity temperature dependence plots found obeys the Arrhenius rule.

Effects of Different Concentration in (w/v)% of Carboxymethyl Iota-Carrageenan Based Green Polymer Electrolyte

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Fatihah Najirah Jumaah ◽  
Azizan Ahmad ◽  
Hussein Hanibah ◽  
Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak ◽  
M.A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Solution Casting Technique ◽  
Green Polymer

The effect of different concentrations in weight per volume percentage, (w/v)% of iota-carrageenan and carboxymethyl-iota carrageenan used as the green polymer electrolyte has been studied. The polymer electrolyte films were prepared by solution casting technique. Different concentration in the range from 1.0 – 6.0 (w/v)% were dissolved in fix volume of acetic acid which act as solvent. The films have been analyzed through attenuated Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS results showed that the ionic conductivity increased as the concentration of the polymer increases. In comparison between iota-carrageenan and carboxymethyl iota-carrageenan, carboxymethyl-iota carrageenan showed better results due to the presence of more active site. The highest conductivity achieved by iota-carrageenan and carboxymethyl iota-carrageenan were 3.45 × 10-6S cm-1and 9.57 × 10-4S cm-1at the concentration 3.0 and 4.0 (w/v)% , respectively. From the FTIR spectra, it depicts that the intensity of significant peaks of ether and carboxylate group increases as the concentration of polymer increases. The XRD analysis showed that as the concentration of polymer increase, the amorphous region in the films would be enhanced. This study showed that the concentration play significant role in the ionic conductivity improvement.

scholarly journals Ionic conductivity and relaxation studies in PVDF-HFP:PMMA-based gel polymer blend electrolyte with LiClO4 salt

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushbu Gohel ◽  
D. K. Kanchan
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Lithium Perchlorate ◽  
Conductivity Relaxation ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Debye Peak

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) comprising propylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate mixed plasticizer with variation of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) salt concentrations have been prepared using a solvent casting technique. Structural characterization has been carried out using XRD wherein diffraction pattern reveals the amorphous nature of sample up to 7.5[Formula: see text]wt.% salt and complexation of polymers and salt have been studied by FTIR analysis. Surface morphology of the samples has been studied using scanning electron microscope. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range 303–363[Formula: see text]K has been carried out for electrical conductivity. The maximum room temperature conductivity of 2.83[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]S cm[Formula: see text] has been observed for the GPE incorporating 7.5[Formula: see text]wt.% LiClO4. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity obeys the Arrhenius relation. The increase in ionic conductivity with change in temperatures and salt content is observed. Transport number measurement is carried out by Wagner’s DC polarization method. Loss tangent (tan [Formula: see text]) and imaginary part of modulus ([Formula: see text]) corresponding to dielectric relaxation and conductivity relaxation respectively show faster relaxation process with increasing salt content up to optimum value of 7.5[Formula: see text]wt.% LiClO4. The modulus ([Formula: see text]) shows that the conductivity relaxation is of non-Debye type (broader than Debye peak).

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl κ-Carrageenan for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Mobarak ◽  
Nazaruddin Ramli ◽  
Azizan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Solution Casting ◽  
Anionic Polymer ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Solution Casting Technique ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

κ-Carrageenan is an anionic polymer extracted from marine red algae. In order to increase conductivity of the κ-carrageenan, carboxymethyl κ-carrageenan was synthesized by the reaction of κ-carrageenan with monochloroacetic acid. A polymer electrolyte comprising κ-carrageenan and carboxymethyl κ-carrageenan was prepared by solution-casting technique. The films were characterized by Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to investigate the presence of the complexes. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy was conducted to obtain ionic conductivity. Ionic conductivity was found to increase with the addition of carboxymethyl group on carrageenan. The conductivity achieved for κ-carrageenan and carboxymethyl κ-carrageenan were 5.34×10-7 S cm−1 and 2.02×10−4 S cm-1, respectively.

Radical Enzymes Control the Chemistry of Their Highly Reactive Intermediates Using the Quantum Coulombic Effect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Khalilian ◽  
Gino A. DiLabio
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interaction ◽  
Orbital Ordering ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Radical Intermediate ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Bonding Interaction ◽  
Close Proximity

Here, we report an exquisite strategy that the B12 enzymes exploit to manipulate the reactivity of their radical intermediate (Adenosyl radical). Based on the quantum-mechanic calculations, these enzymes utilize a little known long-ranged through space quantum Coulombic effect (QCE). The QCE causes the radical to acquire an electronic structure that contradicts the Aufbau Principle: The singly-occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) is no longer the highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the radical is unable to react with neighbouring substrates. The dynamic nature of the enzyme and its structure is expected to be such that the reactivity of the radical is not restored until it is moved into close proximity of the target substrate. We found that the hydrogen bonding interaction between the nearby conserved glutamate residue and the ribose ring of Adenosyl radical plays a crucial role in manipulating the orbital ordering

Radical Enzymes Control the Chemistry of Their Highly Reactive Intermediates Using the Quantum Coulombic Effect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Khalilian ◽  
Gino A. DiLabio
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interaction ◽  
Orbital Ordering ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Radical Intermediate ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Bonding Interaction ◽  
Close Proximity

Here, we report an exquisite strategy that the B12 enzymes exploit to manipulate the reactivity of their radical intermediate (Adenosyl radical). Based on the quantum-mechanic calculations, these enzymes utilize a little known long-ranged through space quantum Coulombic effect (QCE). The QCE causes the radical to acquire an electronic structure that contradicts the Aufbau Principle: The singly-occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) is no longer the highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the radical is unable to react with neighbouring substrates. The dynamic nature of the enzyme and its structure is expected to be such that the reactivity of the radical is not restored until it is moved into close proximity of the target substrate. We found that the hydrogen bonding interaction between the nearby conserved glutamate residue and the ribose ring of Adenosyl radical plays a crucial role in manipulating the orbital ordering

Characterizations of Synthetic 8mol% YSZ with Comparison to 3mol %YSZ for HT-SOFC

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4A) ◽  
pp. 491-500
Author(s):  
Abeer F. Al-Attar ◽  
Saad B. H. Farid ◽  
Fadhil A. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Powder Morphology ◽  
X Ray

In this work, Yttria (Y2O3) was successfully doped into tetragonal 3mol% yttria stabilized Zirconia (3YSZ) by high energy-mechanical milling to synthesize 8mol% yttria stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) used as an electrolyte for high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (HT-SOFC). This work aims to evaluate the densification and ionic conductivity of the sintered electrolytes at 1650°C. The bulk density was measured according to ASTM C373-17. The powder morphology and the microstructure of the sintered electrolytes were analyzed via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The chemical analysis was obtained with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Also, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to obtain structural information of the starting materials and the sintered electrolytes. The ionic conductivity was obtained through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the air as a function of temperatures at a frequency range of 100(mHz)-100(kHz). It is found that the 3YSZ has a higher density than the 8YSZ. The impedance analysis showed that the ionic conductivity of the prepared 8YSZ at 800°C is0.906 (S.cm) and it was 0.214(S.cm) of the 3YSZ. Besides, 8YSZ has a lower activation energy 0.774(eV) than that of the 3YSZ 0.901(eV). Thus, the prepared 8YSZ can be nominated as an electrolyte for the HT-SOFC.

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