Metrology of Surfaces Applied to the Electrochemical Polishing Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Pedro José Núñez ◽  
E. Beamud ◽  
Eustaquio García Plaza ◽  
J. García-Sanz-Calcedo ◽  
Alfonso González González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Electrochemical Polishing ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Average Roughness

This study presents an integrated approach to the teaching of surface metrology and the regulation of electrochemical polishing process control parameters. The electropolishing processes permits different ranges of surface finish through different combinations of the process parameters of current density (J) and electropolishing time (t), and students must have a sound knowledge of the procedure for selecting filters (λs, λc, λf). Thus, experimental trials are undertaken to establish the influence of current density (J) and electropolishing time (t) on surface finish by measuring the arithmetic average roughness parameter (Ra), and setting the filters and measurement procedure for each range of surface finish. The integrated learning of both disciplines enables students to consolidate their knowledge on the methodology for measuring surface roughness (Ra), and to establish direct correlations between variation in process control parameters and the surface finish obtained by characterizing the behaviour of the process.

Surface Finish Assessment of Polishing Process of Tool Steels by Abrasion, Using Diamond and Alumina Particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Marcon Zanatta ◽  
José Divo Bressan ◽  
Jefferson de Oliveira Gomes ◽  
Fábio Dondeo Origo ◽  
Alvaro José Damião
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Diffuse Light ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Automatic Polishing ◽  
Light Reflectance ◽  
Versus Particle

The present work investigates the surface finishing of two mould tool steels (WNr 1.2738~P20 and WNr 1. 4305) after polishing by conventional method and automatic laboratory equipment. These steels are employed in the fabrication of polymer injection moulds due to its good machinability, homogeneous microstructure and hardness. The polishing process was performed in laboratory by manual and automated processes. The surface finishing was measured by mechanical and optical methods. In the manual polishing, SiC paper grit 320, 600 and 1200 was used. Final polishing was carried out with polishing cloth containing 0.3 μm alumina suspension or 6 μm and 1 μm diamond suspension. Alternately, polishing of steel specimens in the specially developed laboratory automatic equipment was performed using a large rotating disc at 140 rpm, nominal pressures of 0.013 Pa, 0.139 Pa and 0.244 Pa and diamond paste with particle size 1 μm. Surface finish of specimens were compared as a function of the particle size and polishing time by three methods: the roughness parameter Rz (mean of maximum roughness depth) using a stylus probe, light reflectance with an integrating sphere connected to a spectrophotometer, and reflected diffuse light intensity analysis of a He-Ne laser. Specimen surface images were also obtained by an optical microscope to compare the topography after polishing. From the plot of roughness measurements versus particle size and intensity of diffuse light versus particle size, it was observed that both roughness parameter Rz and the intensity of diffuse light decreased linearly with the abrasive particle size for the manual polishing method. The method of light reflectance measurements shows an approximately constant value of 55 % for all particle size. Therefore, the better methods to assess surface finish of tool steels are the roughness parameter Rz and the intensity of diffuse light by laser method. For the automatic polishing, the results show that there is an optimized time for minimum roughness which is 5 minute. Other relevant aspects of surface finish by particle abrasion are also discussed.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of dispersion of ammonia in industry space using the ANSYS

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 00044
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Salamonowicz
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Chemical Equipment ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Industrial Installation ◽  
Heavy Gas ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents issues related to numerical simulations of the spread of dangerous substances in the air after emergency release from industrial installation. The work contains the results of numerical simulations of dispersion of ammonia and chlorine after emergency release made by using the ANSYS program, validated based on commonly used models: Gauss and heavy gas. Validation of experimental results based on research and empirical models allowed the selection of boundary parameters and the implementation of dispersion modelling in 3-d space taking into account technical infrastructure. Existing empirical models include terrain obstacles in the form of average roughness parameter, which is shown in general by the range of the danger zone without local topographic conditions. The numerical approach to modelling, in contrast to empirical models, allows to more accurately show the physicochemical phenomena occurring after release in 3-d space, both in the area around the chemical equipment and the buildings along the dangerous substance cloud.

Application of BDD thin film electrode for electrochemical decomposition of heterogeneous aromatic compounds

Open Physics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Czupryniak ◽  
Aleksandra Fabiańska ◽  
Piotr Stepnowski ◽  
Tadeusz Ossowski ◽  
Robert Bogdanowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Bdd Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Parameters ◽  
Initial Ph

AbstractThe aim of the presented study is to investigate the applicability of electrochemical oxidation of aromatic compounds containing heteroatoms, e.g. waste from production of pesticides or pharmaceutics, at a borondoped diamond (BDD) electrode. The BDD electrodes were synthesized by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (MW PE CVD). Investigation of the electrode surface by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the synthesized layer was continuous and formed a densely packed grain structure with an average roughness of less than 0:5 μm. The influence of important electrochemical parameters: current density, kind of reactor, pH or mixing operation, on the efficiency of the oxidation was investigated. The fouling of electrode’s surface caused by the deposition of organic material was observed during CV and galvanostatic experiments. At low current density the oxidation rate constant k was low, but the current efficiency was relatively high. The BDD can be used successfully to remove heterogeneous aromatic compounds existing either as molecules or cations. During 4 h of electrolysis 95% of aromatic compounds were electrochemically decomposed to mineral forms. It was observed that the influence of the initial pH on mineralization was marginal.

Measuring and Quantifying the Surface-Roughness Anisotropy of Modeled and Industrially Produced Surfaces

2005 ◽  
Vol 6-8 ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Wichern ◽  
W. Rasp
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Angular Orientation ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Dimensional Surface

‘Three-dimensional surface profilometry’ when used for analysis and product specification reports roughness parameters that provide an average surface description over a relatively large area. Many commercial sheet steels are produced with special textured surfaces for tribological benefits or appearance benefits. These surfaces, as well as others, may demonstrate high levels of roughness anisotropy that is not quantifiable by simple three dimensional surface parameters. This anisotropy can play an important role in the surface appearance of the finished product and in the tribological behaviour during forming. The current work presents a method for quantifying surface-roughness features as a function of angular orientation with respect to rolling direction. The measurement methodology was applied to several model surfaces and one industrially produced electron-beam textured-surface (EBT). This methodology extracts multiple surface-height profiles of the same angular orientation from a single surface and calculates an average roughness parameter for the orientation angle based on the multiple profiles. Particularly interesting results were the large number of profiles necessary to obtain repeatable values for the roughness variation with respect to direction and the strong influence of surface feature size on the repeatability of said results. These results indicate that care must be taken when using a single extracted profile to represent a ‘three-dimensional’ surface.

scholarly journals Automated laser polishing for surface finish enhancement of additive manufactured components for the automotive industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Caggiano ◽  
Roberto Teti ◽  
Vittorio Alfieri ◽  
Fabrizia Caiazzo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Laser Polishing

AbstractAdditive manufactured components require polishing to improve their inherently rough surface finish. In this work, an innovative laser polishing process based on wobbling of the laser beam is proposed for surface finish enhancement of additive manufactured parts made of Cr–Cu precipitation hardening steel, widely employed for mechanical components in the automotive industry. Parts were fabricated by selective laser melting and subjected to the innovative laser polishing under different process conditions. Surface characterization was performed by microstructural analysis and surface roughness measurement. Machine learning-based CNN processing of polished surface images was employed for automatic identification of optimal LP condition.

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