The Optimal Selection of Extrusion Parameters of As-Cast TC27 Titanium Alloy Based on Processing-Map

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1134-1139
Author(s):  
Xue Fei Li ◽  
Ai Xue Sha ◽  
Xu Huang ◽  
Li Jun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Dynamic Materials Model ◽  
Selection Of

The hot deformation behavior of TC27 titanium alloy at the temperatures of 900-1150 °C and the strain rate of 0.01-10 s-1, the height reduction of 70%, was investigated in the isothermal compression test to identify the optimal extrusion parameters. The processing-map of TC27 titanium alloy was constructed based on dynamic materials model (DMM) and principle of Prasad*s instability. The conclusion shows that temperature and strain rate of deformation had a great influence on flow stress. At the beginning of deformation, the flow stress increased quickly with the augment of true strain and decreased slowly after flow stress reaching to the maximum value. Finally, flow stress tended to relatively stable condition. The flow stress decreased with the increase of temperature and increased with the increase of strain rate. The TC27 titanium alloy was sensitive to temperature and strain rate. Processing-map exhibited two peak efficiencies of power dissipation; one peak was 49% at 900°C/0.01 s-1, which dynamic recovery occured. The other peak was also 49% at 1050 °C /0.01s-1, which dynamic recrystallization occured in the domain. Besides, there were two instability areas in the processing-map which should be avoided during the extrusion. Therefore, in order to obtain the satisfactory properties, the parameters that 1050 °C and 0.01 s-1 were selected in the extrusion.

Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of High Temperature of TC21 Titanium Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gong
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Peak Region ◽  
Working Zone ◽  
Dynamic Materials

The compression test on TC21 titanium alloy was carried out in the temperature range of 860~940oC and the strain rate range of 0.01~10s-1 on Gleeble-1500D hot simulation machine. And the hot deformation behavior was studied. The processing map was calculated and analyzed according the dynamic materials model. It is found that the flow stress of TC21 decreases with the increasing of the temperature and the decreasing of the strain rate. The flow stress curves are characterized by steady state at low strain rate( s-1）but discontinuous yield at high strain rate( s-1). The processing map established at the true strain of 0.4 shows that there are three regions, instability and safe and peak region, and the efficiencies of power dissipation are 0~25%，31%~37% and 43%~49% respectively. The peak region is the optimum hot working zone of TC21 titanium alloy.

scholarly journals Hot deformation behavior of TC18 titanium alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1523-1528
Author(s):  
Bao-Hua Jia ◽  
Wei-Dong Song ◽  
Hui-Ping Tang ◽  
Jian-Guo Ning
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Hot Deformation Behavior

Isothermal compression tests of TC18 titanium alloy at the deformation temperatures ranging from 25?C to 800?C and strain rate ranging from 10-4 to 10-2 s-1 were conducted by using a WDW-300 electronic universal testing machine. The hot deformation behavior of TC18 was characterized based on an analysis of the true stress-true strain curves of TC18 titanium alloy. The curves show that the flow stress increases with increasing the strain rate and decreases with increasing the temperature, and the strain rate play an important role in the flow stress when increasing the temperatures. By taking the effect of strain into account, an improved constitutive relationship was proposed based on the Arrhenius equation. By comparison with the experimental results, the model prediction agreed well with the experimental data, which demonstrated the established constitutive relationship was reliable and can be used to predict the hot deformation behavior of TC18 titanium alloy.

Development of Processing Maps for Coiled Tubing Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 955-959
Author(s):  
Zhen Dong Zhang ◽  
Hai Tao Zhou ◽  
Xiang Hua Liu ◽  
Si Jun Li ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Hot Compression Test ◽  
Dynamic Materials Model

Hot compression test of coiled tubing steel is performed on Gleeble3500 at 1123K—1373K and strain rate from 0.001 to 5s-1. The hot deformation behavior of coiled tubing steel was characterized using processing map developed on the basis of the dynamic materials model. The processing map gives the flow instable region and the flow stable region in which the process of dynamic recovery (DRV) and the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occur. In the processing map, the variation of the efficiency of the power dissipation is plotted as a function of temperature and the strain rate. According to the processing map, the coiled tubing steel is rolled by The Thermo-Mechanical-Control-Process (TMCP), and finally it is obtained that the yield strength and tensile strength of coiled tubing steel are 565MPa and 685MPa respectively, and the elongation percentage is 32.1%.

Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior of Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe Titanium Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wei Zhu ◽  
Xin Nan Wang ◽  
Yue Fei ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhi Shou Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Peak Efficiency ◽  
Hot Deformation Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Materials

The hot deformation behavior of Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe (SP-700) titanium alloy in the temperature range of 650°C~950°C and constant strain rate of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10s-1 has been investigated by hot compressive testing on the Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation test machine. The experimental results indicated that the hot deformation behavior of SP-700 alloy was sensitive to the deformation temperature and strain rate. The peak flow stress decreased with the increase of temperature and the decrease of strain rate. The flow curves characteristic under different deformation parameters show significant different. Analysis of the flow stress dependence on strain rate and temperature gives a stress exponent of n as 4.8235 and a deformation activation energy of Q as 410kJ/mol. Based on the dynamic materials model, the processing map is generated, which shows that the most peak efficiency domain appears at the temperature of 725°C~775°C and the strain rate of 0.001 s-1~0.003s-1 with a peak efficiency of 45% at about 750°C/0.01s-1.

Hot Compressive Behavior of Ti-3.0Al-3.7Cr-2.0Fe Titanium Alloy at Different Strain Rates

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 1072-1077
Author(s):  
Guo Wang ◽  
Song Xiao Hui ◽  
Wen Jun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Temperature Range

The characteristics of hot compression deformation of Ti-3.0Al-3.7Cr-2.0Fe titanium alloy have been studied by Gleeble−1500D thermal simulated test machine in the strain rates range 0.01～10s−1 and temperature range 800～950°C. The true stress-true strain curves show that the peak flow stress decrease with increase temperature and decrease strain rate. At the temperature range in the article, there is a distinct peak in the flow stress in the early stage deformation followed by a stable state at high strains. The variation of flow stress with temperature and strain rate follows the standard kinetic rate equation and the apparent activation energy is estimated to be about 214.22KJ•mol-1. The constitutive relationship of Ti-3.0Al-3.7Cr-2.0Fe alloy is obtained on the base of Arrhenius equation at the experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Flow Behavior Characteristics and Processing Map of Fe-6.5wt.%Si Alloys during Hot Compression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibo Wen ◽  
Chaoyu Han ◽  
Bao Zhang ◽  
Yongfeng Liang ◽  
Feng Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Rate Region

The flow behavior of Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloys during hot compression was investigated at temperatures 650–950 °C and strain rates 0.01–10 s-1. The results showed that the flow stress depended distinctly on the deformation temperatures and strain rates. The flow stress and work hardening rate increased with the decrease of temperature and the increase of strain rate. The activation energy under all the deformation conditions was calculated to be 410 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation with hyperbolic sine function and Zener–Hollomon parameter was developed. The peak stress, critical stress, and steady-state stress could be represented as σ=A+Bln(Z/A). Dynamic recrystallization occurred under the deformation conditions where the values of Z were lower than 1020. Processing maps were established to optimize the processing parameters. The power dissipation efficiency decreased in the high temperature and low strain rate region, increased in the high temperature and high strain rate region, and remained unchanged in other regions with the increase of true strain. Furthermore, the unstable area expanded. The true strain of 0.7 was the optimum reduction according to the processing map. Based on the analysis of surface quality, microstructures, and ordered structures, the optimized processing parameters for the Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloys were the temperature and strain rate of higher than 900 °C and 0.01–10 s-1, respectively, or 800–900 °C and lower than 0.4 s-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Hot Deformation Behaviour and Processing Map of Cast Alloy 825

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir Al-Saadi ◽  
Christopher Hulme-Smith ◽  
Fredrik Sandberg ◽  
Pär G. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Power Dissipation Efficiency

AbstractAlloy 825 is a nickel-based alloy that is commonly used in applications where both high strength and corrosion resistance are required, such as tanks in the chemical, food and petrochemical industries and oil and gas pipelines. Components made from Alloy 825 are often manufactured using hot deformation. However, there is no systematic study to optimise the processing conditions reported in literature. In this study, a processing map for as-cast Alloy 825 is established to maximise the power dissipation efficiency of hot deformation in the temperature range of 950 to 1250 °C at an interval of 50 °C and strain rate range of $$0.01\, {\text{s}}^{ - 1}$$ 0.01 s - 1 to $$10.0\, {\text{s}}^{ - 1}$$ 10.0 s - 1 to a true strain of $$0.7$$ 0.7 using a Gleeble-3500 thermomechanical simulator. The processing conditions are also correlated to the Vickers hardness of the final material, which is also characterised using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, including electron backscattered diffraction. The true stress-true strain curves exhibit peak stresses followed by softening due to occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. The activation energy for plastic flow in the temperature range tested is approximately $$450\,{\text{ kJ mol}}^{ - 1}$$ 450 kJ mol - 1 , and the value of the stress exponent in the (hyperbolic sine-based) constitutive equation, $$n = 5.0$$ n = 5.0 , suggests that the rate-limiting mechanism of deformation is dislocation climb. Increasing deformation temperature led to a lower Vickers hardness in the deformed material, due to increased dynamic recrystallization. Raising the strain rate led to an increase in Vickers hardness in the deformed material due to increased work hardening. The maximum power dissipation efficiency is over $$35\%$$ 35 % , obtained for deformation in the temperature range 1100-1250 °C and a strain rate of $$0.01\, {\text{s}}^{ - 1}$$ 0.01 s - 1 -$$0.1\, {\text{s}}^{ - 1}$$ 0.1 s - 1 . These are the optimum conditions for hot working.

Analysis of Hot Deformation Dynamics of TC18 Titanium Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 878-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Rui Wang ◽  
Ai Xue Sha ◽  
Xing Wu Li ◽  
Li Jun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Deformation Dynamics ◽  
Deformation Mechanics ◽  
Versus Strain

The effect of strain rate and deformation temperature on flow stress of TC18 titanium alloy was studied through heat simulating tests in 760~960 with temperature interval and the strain rate interval in 0.01~10s-1. Relationship model of flow stress versus strain was established and hot deformation mechanics of TC18 titanium alloy was analyzed. The results show that the flow stress reduces obviously as the deformation temperature increases or the strain rate decreases. Dynamic recovery occurs at high strain rate above phase transformation point, while dynamic recrystallization occurs at low strain rate as well as at the temperature below phase transformation point.

Hot working of SP-700 titanium alloy with lamellar α + β starting structure using a processing map

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
Amir Hosein Sheikhali ◽  
Maryam Morakkabati
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Temperature Range

Abstract In this study, hot deformation behavior of SP-700 titanium alloy was investigated by hot compression tests in the temperature range of 700-9508C and at strain rates of 0.001, 0.1, and 1 s-1. Final mechanical properties of the alloy (hot compressed at different strain rates and temperatures) were investigated using a shear punch testing method at room temperature. The flow curves of the alloy indicated that the yield point phenomenon occurs in the temperature range of 800- 9508C and strain rates of 0.1 and 1 s-1. The microstructural analysis showed that dynamic globularization of the lamellar α phase starts at 7008C and completes at 8008C. The alpha phase was completely eliminated from b matrix due to deformation- induced transformation at 8508C. The microstructure of specimens compressed at 8508C and strain rates of 0.001 and 0.1 s-1showed the serration of beta grain boundaries, whereas partial dynamic recrystallization caused a necklace structure by increasing strain rate up to 1 s-1. The specimen deformed at 7008C and strain rate of 1 s-1was located in the instability region and localized shear bands formed due to the low thermal conductivity of the alloy. The processing map of the alloy exhibited a peak efficiency domain of 54% in the temperature range of 780-8108C and strain rates of 0.001- 0.008 s-1. The hot deformation activation energy of the alloy in the α/β region (305.5 kJ mol-1) was higher than that in the single-phase β region (165.2 kJ mol-1) due to the dynamic globularization of the lamellar a phase.

Hot Deformation Behaviors of SiCp/Al Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1058 ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Ming Hao ◽  
Jing Pei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
2024 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Deformation Behaviors

The hot deformation behaviors of 30%SiCp/2024 aluminum alloy composites was studied by hot compression tests using Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator at temperatures ranging from 350-500°C under strain rates of 0.01-10 s-1. The true stress-true strain curves were obtained in the tests. Constitutive equation and processing map were established. The results show that the flow stress decreases with the increase of deformation temperature at a constant strain rate, and increases with the increase of strain rate at constant temperature, indicating that composite is a positive strain rate sensitive material. The flow stress behavior of composite during hot compression deformation can be represented by a Zener-Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic sine form. Its activation energy for hot deformation Q is 183.251 kJ/mol. The optimum hot working conditions for this material are suggested.

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