Studies on Multi Morphology of Polyaniline Guided by Alkali

2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Wan Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Aniline Monomer ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Backbone Structure ◽  
Solid Spheres

Multi morphology of polyaniline (PANI), nanotubes, micrograins, solid and hollow spheres, were synthesized by aqueous oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which was proposed as an alkali-guided method by the authors. By changing the molar ratio of aniline monomer to alkali, with a constant pH, the morphology can be controlled from nanotubes to micrograins, to solid spheres and to hollow spheres which were proved by SEM and TEM. The backbone structure was characterized by UV-VIS, FTIR and XRD.

Fabrication of Conductive Textile via Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline on Polyester Cloth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
alireza razaghi
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Aniline Monomer ◽  
Polyester Textile ◽  
Conductive Polyaniline ◽  
Conductive Textile ◽  
Polymerization Conditions ◽  
Aniline Polymerization

In this research aniline polymerization conditions were optimized in presence of pre-treated polyester textile to achieve as high electrical conductivity as 100 S/Cm. Alkaline activation of the polyester textile was followed by immersion in to aqueous acidic solution of aniline monomer. Then the oxidant solution was used to initiate the polymerization. Finally, the prepared product was washed and dried prior to ant test. Functional groups were studied by Fourie-transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) from the surface of the polyaniline coated textile. Also, morphological structure of synthesized conductive polyaniline was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized cloth was used in a closed circuit in order to light up alight emitting diode to emphasis the conductivity of the textile and fibres that synthesised by this method.

Fabrication of Conductive Textile via Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline on Polyester Cloth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
alireza razaghi
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Aniline Monomer ◽  
Polyester Textile ◽  
Conductive Polyaniline ◽  
Conductive Textile ◽  
Polymerization Conditions ◽  
Aniline Polymerization

In this research aniline polymerization conditions were optimized in presence of pre-treated polyester textile to achieve as high electrical conductivity as 100 S/Cm. Alkaline activation of the polyester textile was followed by immersion in to aqueous acidic solution of aniline monomer. Then the oxidant solution was used to initiate the polymerization. Finally, the prepared product was washed and dried prior to ant test. Functional groups were studied by Fourie-transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) from the surface of the polyaniline coated textile. Also, morphological structure of synthesized conductive polyaniline was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized cloth was used in a closed circuit in order to light up alight emitting diode to emphasis the conductivity of the textile and fibres that synthesised by this method.

Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrafine ZrSiO4 Powder

2014 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Zhen Quan Li ◽  
Qiang Zhen ◽  
Ya Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Homogeneous Product ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
Calcined Temperature

High purity ZrSiO4 powder were synthesized using Si (C2H5O)4 and ZrOCl2·8H2O as raw materials by the sol-gel method, LiCl was added as mineralizer to promote crystallization of zircon. The influences of molar ratio of Zr:Si, calcined time and calcined temperature on the synthesis of ZrSiO4 powder were investigated. XRD, SEM and TEM were used to characterize the powders. It was found that when the molar ratio of Zr:Si was 1:1.2, the calcined temperature was 1600°C and the calcined time was 4h, the high purity ZrSiO4 ultrafine powder was obtained. The ZrSiO4 formation began at 1300°C and when the gel was calcined at 1600°Cfor 4 h, the formation rate of ZrSiO4 was up to 95%. SEM and TEM studies reveal a homogeneous product with particle sizes on the order of 0.1-1μm. The IR emissivity of ultrafine ZrSiO4 is 0.892 at the whole wavelength range, and that is up to 0.951 at the wavelength range of 8-14 μm.

Preparation of hollow Fe3O4 spheres through a facile method and their applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingping Wu ◽  
Aiping Zhu ◽  
Zhaodong Nan
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Solid Sphere ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
One Step ◽  
Solid Spheres

Fe3O4 hollow microspheres with good dispersibility and high saturation magnetization were synthesized through a facile one-step solvothermal method. The formation mechanism of the hollow structure was studied by taking time-dependent experiments. Porous [Formula: see text]-FeOOH and [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 nanosheets were firstly fabricated. Fe3O4 solid spheres aggregated by small particles were obtained from the transition of [Formula: see text]-FeOOH and [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3. Finally, the solid sphere is transferred to hollow sphere through Ostwald ripening. The maximum saturation magnetization of the hollow spheres is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]emu/g, which is higher than some results reported in references. The Fe3O4 hollow spheres show potential applications in microwave absorption and photocatalysis.

Low-temperature route to nanoscale P3N5 hollow spheres

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2359-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzhou Gu ◽  
Yunle Gu ◽  
Zhefeng Li ◽  
Yongcheng Ying ◽  
Yitai Qian
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Wide Gap ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
High Degree

Nanoscale hollow spheres of amorphous phosphorus nitride (P3N5) were synthesized by reacting PCl3 with NaN3 at 150–250 °C. Transmission electron microscope images show that the hollow spheres have a diameter of 150–350 nm, and the thickness of the shell is 20 nm. A very small amount of curly films were also found in the sample prepared at 150 °C. The infrared spectrum indicates a high degree of purity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the presence of P and N, with a molar ratio of 1:1.62 for P:N. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy shows an absorption band at 265–315 nm. Under photoluminescent excitation at 230 nm, the P3N5 emits ultraviolet light at 305 nm. With a band gap of 4.28 eV, the products may be a wide gap semiconductor. A possible mechanism and the influence of temperature on the formation of the hollow spheres are also discussed.

Equilibrium and Kinetics of the Extraction of Gallium(III) from Sodium Hydroxide Solutions with 7-Dodecenyl-8-quinolinol (Kelex 100)

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Mitrovic ◽  
Slobodan K. Milonjic ◽  
Zoja E. Ilic ◽  
Radomir V. Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Extraction Kinetics ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The influence of hydroxide ions concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, at constant sodium concentrations, on the gallium extraction with Kelex 100 was examined in the hydroxide concentration range from 0.02 to 0.5 mol dm-3. The percentage of extracted gallium increases from 51% to 98% within the investigated hydroxide concentration range. The influence of sodium concentrations (from 1 to 6 mol dm-3) on the gallium extraction was also studied at constant pH values. The decrease of extracted gallium is slight for the sodium concentration up to 3 mol dm-3, while for the higher ones it is pronounced. The extraction kinetics was studied using a mixer-type apparatus. The rate expression of the extraction reaction of gallium with Kellex 100, for both lower and higher hydroxide concentrations are ascertained.

Synthetic Technology and Performance of a Novel Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Carboxylate Surfactants

2011 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Lei ◽  
Guo Zheng ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Yong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
New Type ◽  
And Performance

In this paper, with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (AEO9), succinic anhydride (SA) and sodium hydroxide as raw materials, a new type of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene carboxylate surfactants (SAE9C-Na) was obtained by esterification and neutralizing effect. The influencing factors were researched and its surface properties were studied. The optimum condition of synthesis was determined: molar ratio of alcohol to acid was 1:1.1, reaction temperature was 85°C, reaction time was 60 min, under this condition, the yield could reach up to 95.8%. The results received from this experiment showed that SAE9C-Na had excellent surface activity and foaming and foam stability, whose emulsification and solubility enhancement were improved greatly.

Solvothermal Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Gd2O2S:RE3+ (RE3+=Eu3+/Tb3+) Hollow Sphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Xi Xu ◽  
Xiao Tong Sang ◽  
Jing Bao Lian ◽  
Nian Chu Wu ◽  
Xue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electronic Microscope

Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions singly activated Gd2O2S hollow spheres have been successfully synthesized via solvothermal method by using Gd (NO3)3, Eu (NO3)3, Tb (NO3)3 and thiourea as raw materials. Detailed characterization of the as-prepared samples were obtained by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electronic microscope (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that at 220 oC for 24 h, the molar ratio of thiourea/Gd3+ has no significant impact on the phase composition of Gd2O2S products. With the reaction time increased from 6 h to 24 h, the morphology of Gd2O2S samples changed from ellipsoidal to near-spheroidal structure, but still remained hollow structure. PL results show that the strongest emission peaks for Gd2O2S:Eu3+ and Gd2O2S:Tb3+ samples were centered at 625 nm and 545 nm, corresponding to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions and 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb3+ ions, respectively. The quenching concentrations for Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions were 12% and 6%, which can be attributed to the exchange interaction for Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions, respectively.

The Role of Sodium Hydroxide in the System C3A-CaSO4-H2O at 30°C

1986 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Youssef Ghorab ◽  
Safaa Hussein Abou El Fetouh
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydration Product ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

ABSTRACTThe hydration reaction of C3A with gypsum (molar ratio = 1:1.5) has been studied in water and in sodium hydroxide solutions at 30°C. The hydration product were analyzed microscopically and by means of X-ray diffraction. The concentration of sulfate and aluminum in solution was determined spectrophotometrically. In the absence of alkali, the amount of ettringite formed passes through a maximum and is accompanied by almost complete consumption of sulphate ion in solution. Alkali depresses the formation of ettringite and accelerates that of calcium hydroxide. The monosulfate hydrate appears immediately in alkaline solutions and water then reappears after a day as a solid solution with the tetracalcium aluminate hydrate. The formation of the monophase solid solution is accompanied by the consumption of C3A, ettringite, and calcium hydroxide and by an increase in the amount of the dissolved aluminum. The presence of alkali markedly increases the initial sulfate ion concentration from solution.

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