The Influence of Activated Dispersed Additives on Electrical Conductivity of Anhydrite Compositions

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Grigory Ivanovich Yakovlev ◽  
Ekaterina V. Begunova ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Jindřich Melichar ◽  
Igor Aleksandrovich Pudov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Absorption Lines ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Crystalline Hydrates

The paper presents the results of studies of the structure and properties of a fluorohydrite binder modified by a chrysotile nanotubes dispersion in a medium of calcium nitrate solution. It is shown that addition of this modifier into the anhydrite composition leads to a 106-fold decrease in electrical resistance. Microstructural analysis of the fluorohydrite composition showed changes in the morphology of new formations with the creation of crystalline hydrates of increased density. The presence of elongated nanocrystals on the surface of the hardened matrix was noted. In addition, IR spectrum absorption lines, prove the presence of calcium nitrate in the pore space of the composition, which contributes to a significant decrease in the electrical resistance of the developed composite.

Viscosity, electrical conductivity and density of the system ammonium nitrate-dimethyl sulphoxide

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115
Author(s):  
Jindřich Novák ◽  
Zdeněk Kodejš ◽  
Ivo Sláma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Present System ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium nitrate in dimethyl sulphoxide have been determined over the temperature range 10-60 °C and the concentration range 7-50 mol% of the salt. The variations in the quantities as a function of temperature and concentration have been correlated by empirical equations. A comparison is made between the transport properties for the present system, aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate solutions in dimethyl sulphoxide.

scholarly journals Concerning emotive phenomena. —Part III. The influence of drugs upon the electrical conductivity of the palm of the hand

1919 ◽  
Vol 91 (635) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Healthy Subject ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Motor Theory ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Palm Of The Hand

I possess comparatively few data concerning the action of drugs upon “Emotivity” or, to put it more specifically, upon the electrical resistance of the palm of the hand. Except as regards atropine, with which I have made many observations to test the sudo-motor theory of the reaction, I find in my notes only one satisfactory observation upon each of the following drugs: alcohol, chloroform, morphia, which I will transcribe. Obviously, a single observation of any drug can give only a single facet of its action under the particular conditions of experiment. It will, however, be clear that the results have, in each instance, been such as might be anticipated on general principles with one notable exception, viz., atropine. Experiment 1: Alcohol . —A healthy subject, F. G., aged 30, with an initial hand conductance = 17 γ ( = 60, 000 ohms) gave emotive reactions = 37 γ to the threat of a burn (match struck) and 2 γ to an actual slight burn, immediately before and immediately after the ingestion of 50 c. c. of whisky. The conductance remained unaltered at 17 γ .

Application of Eddy Currents in Processed Materials Structural Evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 715-720
Author(s):  
Telmo G. Santos ◽  
João Faria ◽  
Pedro Vilaça ◽  
R.M. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Characterization Technique ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Eddy currents are based on electromagnetic induction and analysis of electrical currents on conductive materials. This method is used for thickness measurements, corrosion and defects detection, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability measurements. Recently, it has been exploited as a materials characterization technique, namely in solid state welding, since, compared to hardness, it is based in distinct physical phenomena. Electrical conductivity is controlled by electronic mobility, while hardness depends on crystal defects and thus a scale factor exists. This paper presents results of this characterization technique applied to multipass solid state friction stir processing (FSP) of AA1100 alloy. These results were compared to microstructural analysis and hardness measurements and show that eddy current is a feasibly, reliable and expedite technique to characterize processed materials. The electrical conductivity measured by eddy currents, maps more precisely structural features, while hardness does not. Measurement of electrical conductivity field suggests having potential to constitute an alternative and/or complement to hardness evaluation with the further advantage of being a non-destructive method.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF NON-COVALENT MODIFIERS ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYMER FILAMENTS FOR FDM-PRINTING BASED ON ABS-PLASTIC AND CARBON NANOPARTICLES

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
A.A. Pykhtin ◽  
◽  
A.E. Sorokin ◽  
S.A. Larionov ◽  
S.L. Lonskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Modified Polymer

The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of non-covalent modifiers on the structure and properties of polymer filaments for FDM-printing based on ABS-plastic and carbon nanoparticles. The dependences of the characteristics of nanocomposites and filaments based on them to the type of functionalization have been established. The effect of the concentration of CNTs on the hardness, water absorption, electrical resistance, and shear strength for modified polymer filament has been investigated. The optimal formulations and technological parameters of FDM-printing of templates have been determined.

Electrostatic charge interaction: a case study on tapered PMMA fiber for calcium nitrate detection

Sensor Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Batumalay ◽  
A. Lokman ◽  
H.A. Rahman ◽  
S.W. Harun ◽  
H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Multimode Fiber ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Charge Interaction ◽  
Chemical Solutions

Purpose – This paper aims to propose and demonstrate a simple fiber optic sensor using a tapered plastic multimode fiber as a probe for measurement of calcium nitrate concentrations in de-ionized water. Design/methodology/approach – The working mechanism is based on the observed increment in the transmission of the sensor that is immersed in calcium nitrate solution of higher concentration. The tapering of the plastic fiber is carried out by etching method using acetone, sand paper and de-ionized water. Findings – Tapered fiber with diameter 0.45 mm gives the highest sensitivity of 0.028 mV/% due to better interaction between the evanescent field and the calcium nitrate solution with a good slope linearity of more than 98 per cent for a 1.07 per cent limit of detection in a straight probe arrangement. The use of calcium and nitrate ions within the sensing medium demonstrates the strong dependency of the sensor output trend on the electrolytic nature of the chemical solutions. Originality/value – Demonstration of tapered plastic multimode fiber sensor probe for measurement electrolytic chemical solutions.

Semi-Electrical Conductivity of Gelcast Alumina Sintered under Nitrogen Atmosphere

2006 ◽  
Vol 11-12 ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben L. Menchavez ◽  
Koichiro Adachi ◽  
Masayoshi Fuji ◽  
Minoru Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Sintered Sample ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Conductive Property ◽  
Carbon Network

This work demonstrated an in-situ pyrolysis of gelcast alumina under reduction sintering to make alumina and carbon composite in providing semi-electrical conductivity. To increase the carbon content, the monomer was varied in the premix solution with reduction sintering in nitrogen gas. Two-probe method was used to measure electrical resistance of the sintered samples. The results revealed that the increase of monomer addition and sintering treatment were effective in reducing electrical resistance. The lowest value was 3.6×106-cm, which is a potential candidate for electrostatic shielding application. The reduction-sintered sample was re-sintered in an air in order to gain insight on the conductive path due to carbon network. Further tests such as XRD, TGA/DTA, and scanning electron microscopywere used to explain the semi-conductive property of the material.

scholarly journals IRRIGAÇÃO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS CÍTRICOS COM ÁGUAS SALINAS

Irriga ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-440
Author(s):  
Tales Miler Soares ◽  
Sergio Nascimento Duarte ◽  
Cristiano Nascimento Duarte ◽  
Christiano César Dibbern Graf ◽  
Marcelo Zanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Water Type ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
New Production ◽  
Saline Waters

IRRIGAÇÃO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS CÍTRICOS COM ÁGUAS SALINAS  Tales Miler Soares1; Sergio Nascimento Duarte1; Christiano César Dibbern Graf2; Marcelo Zanetti2; Silvio Sandoval Zocchi31Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, [email protected] Mudas, Conchal,  SP3Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP  1 RESUMO Avaliar o desenvolvimento dos porta-enxertos limoeiro ‘Cravo’, tangerineira ‘Cleópatra’ e citrumeleiro ‘Swingle’, irrigados com águas salinas, mensurando se a aplicação de Ca(NO3)2 mitiga eventuais efeitos de íons fitotóxicos, foi objetivo do presente trabalho, conduzido sob ambiente protegido, em Rio Claro-SP. Investigou-se três qualidades de água: água natural (CEa= 1,19 dS m-1), explorada de poço tubular profundo, água dessalinizada (CEa= 0,02 dS m-1), obtida mediante osmose reversa da água natural, e água residual (CEa= 2,11 dS m-1), sub-produto da dessalinização. Os níveis de Ca(NO3)2 avaliados foram 0 e 2,105 g L-1. Averiguando-se os parâmetros usuais do crescimento vegetal, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas, entre os tratamentos, decorrentes da qualidade da água, embora se tenha registrado que esta contribuiu para o aumento da salinização do substrato, ultrapassando, inclusive, o valor da salinidade limiar (CEes= 1,4 dS m-1) reconhecido para os citros. A adição de Ca(NO3)2 não incrementou o desenvolvimento, atuando negativamente no crescimento inicial das raízes e do caule. O curto período necessário ao crescimento dos porta-enxertos, proporcionado pelo atual sistema de produção, associado às irrigações freqüentes e suas frações de lixiviação podem ter restringido efeitos negativos das águas salinas investigadas. UNITERMOS: Citrus, salinidade, condutividade elétrica, substrato.  SOARES, T.M.; DUARTE, S.N.; GRAF, C.C.D.; ZANETTI, M.; ZOCCHI, S.S.       CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER  2 ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the growth of three citrus rootstocks (‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo) irrigated with saline waters, under greenhouse conditions, in order to measure if calcium nitrate mitigates their toxic effects. Three water qualities were investigated: natural water (ECw= 1,19 dS m-1), obtained from a deep tubular well, desalinated water (ECw= 0,02 dS m-1), obtained by reverse osmosis from the natural water, and reject water (ECw= 2,11 dS m-1), resultant from the desalination process. Two Ca(NO3)2 levels were evaluated: 0 and 2,105 g L-1. Usual parameters for plant growth analysis were measured. According to Tukey’s test (5% probability), water quality did not affect rootstocks development, although the water type have contributed to increase the electrical conductivity of substrate saturation extract (ECs) along the experimental period, surpassing the salinity threshold value (ECs = 1,4 dS m-1) reported for citrus. The Ca(NO3)2 addition did not increase the plant growth, but negatively affected the first evaluations of root and stem diameter development. The short time necessary to rootstocks growth provided by new production system, associated to the frequent irrigations and its leaching fractions possible may have restricted the negative effects of saline waters. KEYWORDS: Citrus, salinity, electrical conductivity, substrate.  

scholarly journals A Method For Determination Of Specific Electrical Resistance Of Steel And Nano-Coating Sputtered On It

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andris Martinovs ◽  
Josef Timmerberg ◽  
Konstantins Savkovs ◽  
Aleksandrs Urbahs ◽  
Paul Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Skin Effect ◽  
Specific Electrical Resistance ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Relative Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Nano Coating ◽  
Cylindrical Steel

The paper describes methods developed to determine specific electrical conductivity and relative magnetic permeability of cylindrical steel items and nano-coatings deposited on them by sputtering. Research enables development of a new method for determination of thickness of vacuum deposited nano- coating that is based on application of skin effect.

LOW TEMPERATURE RESISTIVITY OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS: VANADIUM, NIOBIUM, AND HAFNIUM

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. White ◽  
S. B. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Pure Niobium ◽  
Temperature Resistivity ◽  
The Ideal

Measurements of the thermal conductivity from 2° to 90 ° K. and electrical conductivity from 2° to 300 ° K. are reported for vanadium, niobium, and hafnium. Although the vanadium and hafnium are not as pure as we might wish, measurements on these metals and on niobium allow a tabulation of the "ideal" electrical resistivity clue to thermal scattering for these elements from 300 ° K. down to about 20 ° K. Ice-point values of the "ideal" electrical resistivity are 18.3 μΩ-cm. for vanadium, 13.5 μΩ-cm. for niobium, and 29.4 μΩ-cm. for hafnium. Values for the "ideal" thermal resistivity of vanadium and niobium are deduced from the experimental results although for vanadium and more particularly for hafnium, higher purity specimens are required before a very reliable study of "ideal" thermal resistivity can be made. For the highly ductile pure niobium, the superconducting transition temperature, as determined from electrical resistance, appears to be close to 9.2 ° K.

Production and Study of Ca/Sn(II) Metastable Fluoride Ion Conductors

1997 ◽  
Vol 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Bell ◽  
Georges Dénès ◽  
Zhimeng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Ion Conductors

ABSTRACTPrecipitation reactions from aqueous solutions of calcium nitrate and tin(II) fluoride result in the formation of two metastable phases, depending on the reaction conditions. Crystalline CaSn2F6 and the microcrystalline Ca1-xSnxF2 solid solution are obtained, the latter crystallizing in the cubic fluorite (CaF2) type with total Ca/Sn disorder. Both phases are fluoride ion conductors. Electrical conductivity measurements versus temperature and bulk density measurements show that both phases are far from thermodynamic equilibrium at ambient conditions, and thus are metastable. Both decompose to a mixture of SnF2 and CaF2 at high temperature. In addition, CaSn2F6 is chemically unstable in an aqueous medium, in which it looses SnF2 to give the microcrystalline Ca1-xSnxF2 solid solution.

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