A Coupled Asymmetrical Multiple Opening Closing Net with Environmental Sampling System

Recruitment levels of fishes are potentially related to the abundance of larval fishes and their food source. A system that could allow for the concurrent investigation of fine-scale distribution of fish larvae and their potential prey could add significantly to the understanding of the early life history of marine fishes. A coupled Multiple Opening Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) that combines two sub-systems (1 m2 and 4 m2 net sets) working in synchronization was designed to answer these questions. The mesh size was different on each set of nets allowing the collection of a broad size range of organisms while optimizing the catch of larger fish larvae and eliminating unnecessary large samples of zooplankton. Moreover, the system eliminated the need to deploy separate MOCNESS using different mesh sizes, thus reducing ship time costs, and avoiding any aliasing associated with trying to sample the same water mass with separate nets fished sequentially. The system has been used at sea under varying weather conditions onboard the R/V F. G. Walton Smith and sampled adequately.

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Komposisi Larva Ikan Pada Tutupan Padang Lamun di Perairan Prawean Bandengan, Kabupaten Jepara

BULETIN OSEANOGRAFI MARINA ◽

10.14710/buloma.v8i2.25639 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Sri Redjeki ◽

Riska Novianti Putri ◽

Adi Santoso ◽

Sunaryo Sunaryo ◽

Sri Sedjati

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Sampling Location ◽

Seagrass Beds ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Distribution Index ◽

Seagrass Ecosystems ◽

Distribution Of Fish

Larva Ikan (ichtyoplankton) merupakan tahapan awal dari daur hidup ikan dimulai dari perkembangan telur, larva dan juvenil, memiliki tingkat mortalitas tinggi dan peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan, predator, dan kesediaan makanan. Fungsi ekologis padang lamun sebagai daerah asuhan dan tempat berlindung bagi semua jenis organisme laut kecil, salah satunya larva ikan. Kerapatan atau tutupan padang lamun juga sebagai salah satu faktor pendukung melimpahnya organisme dan kekayaan di laut. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan distribusi larva ikan yang terdapat pada ekosistem padang lamun, serta mengetahui hubungan kelimpahan larva ikan dengan tutupan padang lamun di Perairan Prawean Bandengan, Jepara. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan penentuan lokasi sampling menggunakan purposive sampling methode. Lokasi penelitian pada 3 stasiun dengan pembagian kerapatan lamun yang berbeda (I = Padat ; II = Sedang ; III = Jarang) dan dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan sampling di masing-masing lokasi. Pengambilan sampel larva ikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan larva net (P = 0,9 m ; L : 0,6m) dengan ukuran mata jaring 800 µm. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan larva ikan sebanyak 5 famili yaitu Nemipteridae, Gerreidae, Gobiidae, Labridae, dan Mullidae. Famili larva ikan yang paling sering ditemukan adalah Nemipteridae. Rata-rata kelimpahan famili larva ikan pada Stasiun I sebesar 0,419 ind/m3, Stasiun II sebesar 0,205 ind/m3, dan pada stasiun III sebesar 0,069 ind/m3. Nilai rata - rata indeks keanekaragaman termasuk dalam kategori rendah sedang (0,65–1,37), indeks keseragaman larva ikan termasuk dalam kategori rendah-tinggi (0,33-0,65) indeks dominasi larva ikan menunjukan ada yang mendominasi pada tiga stasiun (0,28–0,30) dan indeks sebaran morisita yang dilakukan menunjukan bahwa sebaran larva ikan pada tiga stasiun merata. Fish larvae (ichtyoplankton) are the initial stages of the fish's life cycle starting from the development of eggs, larvae and juveniles, which have a high mortality rate and are sensitive to environmental changes, predators, and food availability. The ecological function of seagrass beds as nurseries and shelter for all types of small marine organisms, one of which is fish larvae. The density or cover of seagrass beds is also one of the supporting factors for the abundance of organisms and wealth in the sea. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and distribution of fish larvae found in the seagrass ecosystems, and to determine the relationship of abundance of fish larvae with cover seagrass beds in the waters of Prawean Bandengan, Jepara. This research method is a descriptive method by determining the sampling location using purposive sampling method. The research location was in 3 stations with a different distribution of seagrass density (I = Dense; II = Medium; III = Rare) and carried out 3 times repetition of sampling at each location. Sampling of fish larvae was carried out using larvae net (P = 0,9 m; L: 0,6m) with a mesh size of 800 μm. The results of this reasearch, found fish larvae of 5 families, namely Nemipteridae, Gerreidae, Gobiidae, Labridae, and Mullidae. The most common family of fish larvae was Nemipteridae. The average abundance of fish larvae at Station I was 0,419 ind/m3, Station II was 0,205 ind/m3, and at Station III was 0,069 ind/m3. The average diversity index was included in the low category (0,65 – 1,37), the uniformity index of fish larvae was included in the low-high category (0,33 – 0,65) the fish larvae dominance index shows that there are dominating at three stations (0,28 – 0,30) and the distribution index of distribution (morisita) conducted showed that the distribution of fish larvae at three stations was evenly distributed.

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The early life history of fish—there is still a lot of work to do!

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fst219 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 907-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Howard I. Browman ◽

Anne Berit Skiftesvik

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Early Life ◽

Larval Fish ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Early Life History ◽

Life Stages ◽

Early Life Stages ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

History Of ◽

Fish Early Life Stages

Abstract The themed set of articles that follows this introduction contains a selection of the papers that were presented at the 36th Annual Larval Fish Conference (ALFC), convened in Osøyro, Norway, 2–6 July 2012. The conference was organized around four theme sessions, three of which are represented with articles in this collection: “Assessing the relative contribution of different sources of mortality in the early life stages of fishes”; “The contribution of mechanistic,behavioural, and physiological studies on fish larvae to ecosystem models”; “Effects of oil and natural gas surveys, extraction activity and spills on fish early life stages”. Looking back at the main themes of earlier conferences about the early life history of fish reveals that they were not very different from those of ALFC2012. Clearly, we still have a lot of work to do on these and other topics related to the biology and ecology of fish early life stages.

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Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed

Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed ◽

10.47886/9781888569599.ch7 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Striped Bass ◽

Vertical Migration ◽

Early Life ◽

Life Histories ◽

Early Life History ◽

Small Surface ◽

Delta Smelt ◽

Larval Fishes ◽

History Of

Abstract.—The goal of this study was to determine if the vertical distribution of larval delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus and striped bass Morone saxatilis was affected by tidal stage and diel period. Delta smelt and striped bass have similar early life histories in that their larvae drift downstream from freshwater spawning habitats to brackish water rearing habitats. Little is known on whether the larvae undergo a vertical migration as they move downstream. Conical plankton nets were used to collect larval fishes from the surface, middle, and bottom sections of the main channels of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. Samples were collected over six paired day–night cruises. Approximately 45,000 fish were collected; 82% were striped bass and 2% were delta smelt. More delta smelt were caught at night than during the day, and more at middle depth than surface or bottom. Very few striped bass were found at surface during day; most were caught at middle depth. Both species were fairly dispersed throughout the water column at night. Although striped bass larvae appear to undergo a small surface to middepth migration, this study indicates that larval delta smelt and striped bass do not undergo a mass diel or tidal vertical migration as they drift down the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers.

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Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed

Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed ◽

10.47886/9781888569599.ch18 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Light Trap ◽

Early Life History ◽

Light Sources ◽

Light Traps ◽

Natural Stream ◽

History Of ◽

Distribution And Ecology ◽

Different Color

Abstract.—Light traps have been used to study the distribution and ecology of fish larvae in a variety of waters. Yet the physical and taxonomic limitations of light traps have been little studied, particularly in lotic systems. The purpose of this study was to examine aspects of light trap use, bias, and specificity in a natural stream setting. We sampled fish larvae using light traps in the upper Sacramento River watershed in April (2001, 2002) and June (2002) using five different color light sources and two trap sizes. Our results suggest that (1) small traps are as effective at sampling fish larvae as large traps, (2) color of light and/or relative intensity of light have strong effects on numbers of larvae collected, and (3) environmental factors play a role in the number of larvae collected over short time periods.

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Early Life History of Redfish (Sebastes spp.) on Flemish Cap

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f84-130 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 1106-1116 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

John T. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Larval Growth ◽

Distinct Group ◽

Early Life History ◽

Larval Abundance ◽

Early Life Stages ◽

Fish Spawning ◽

History Of

Studies were carried out on Flemish Cap, 1978–82, to assess fish spawning cycles, the distribution, abundance, and growth of early life stages, and their relationship to environmental factors. Redfish larvae (Sebastes spp.) were the most abundant fish larvae found on Flemish Cap. Redfish began releasing larvae during March, reaching an abrupt peak in late April. Larval abundances of 733 larvae∙m2 were observed during the last week of April 1979, with highest sampled larval abundance for the study area being 6.8 × 1012 larvae. Redfish larvae first appeared in the southwest corner of Flemish Cap and within 3 wk were found in waters throughout the area over depths > 200 m. In July the survivors were concentrated over the Cap supporting the concept that Flemish Cap redfish constitute a distinct group. Larval growth for redfish was exponential through the periods sampled. However, in 1981, growth rate ranged from 0.40 to 1.66%∙d1. While larval growth was significantly correlated with average surface water temperature, high temperatures appeared to reduce larval growth. Slow growth during warm years appeared to be related to increased larval mortalities.

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Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed

Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed ◽

10.47886/9781888569599.ch9 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Native Species ◽

Larval Fish ◽

Micropterus Salmoides ◽

Early Life History ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Early Spring ◽

Larval Fishes ◽

Pogonichthys Macrolepidotus ◽

History Of

Abstract.—We sampled larval fish in 1999 and 2001 on a restored floodplain along the lower Cosumnes River, California, from the onset of flooding to when the sites dried or when larval fish became rare. We collected more than 13,000 fish, of which prickly sculpin Cottus asper made up the majority (73%). Eleven species made up 99% of the catch. Three native fishes (prickly sculpin, Sacramento sucker Catostomus occidentalis, and splittail Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) and two alien species (common carp Cyprinus carpio and bigscale logperch Percina macrolepida) were associated with higher inundation and cool temperatures of early spring. In contrast, five alien taxa, sunfish Lepomis spp., largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, crappie Pomoxis spp., golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, and inland silverside Menidia beryllina, were associated with less inundation and warmer water temperatures. One native species, Sacramento blackfish Orthodon microlepidotus, was also associated with these conditions. Species did not show strong associations with habitat because of different spawning times of adults and expansion and contraction of flood waters. Most species could be found at all sites throughout flooded habitat, although river and floodplain spawning fishes usually dominated sites closest to levee breaches. Highest species richness was consistently found in two sloughs with permanent water because they both received drainage water from the floodplain and had a complement of resident species. Splittail, a floodplain spawner, was found primarily in association with submerged annual plants. Our results suggest that a natural hydrologic cycle in spring is important for providing flooding and cool temperatures important for many native larval fishes. Alien fishes are favored if low flows and higher temperatures prevail. Restoration of native fish populations that use floodplains for rearing should emphasize early (February–April) flooding followed by rapid draining to prevent alien fishes from becoming abundant.

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Temporal Tracking of Mineralization and Transcriptional Events Associated with Shell Formation During the Early Life History of Pearl Oyster Pinctada maxima

Current Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/2211550104666150804200150 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 261-274

Author(s):

Luke D. Gardner ◽

Scott F. Cummins ◽

David Mills ◽

David Leavesley ◽

Abigail Elizur

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Early Life ◽

Early Life History ◽

Pearl Oyster ◽

Shell Formation ◽

Temporal Tracking ◽

History Of ◽

Pinctada Maxima

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Perspectives on Larval Behaviour in Biophysical Modelling of Larval Dispersal in Marine, Demersal Fishes

Oceans ◽

10.3390/oceans2010001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Jeffrey M. Leis

Keyword(s):

Fish Larvae ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Larval Fishes ◽

Larval Behaviour ◽

Key Issues ◽

Modelling Effort ◽

Validation Research ◽

Vertical Positioning ◽

Study Species ◽

Demersal Fishes

Biophysical dispersal models for marine fish larvae are widely used by marine ecologists and managers of fisheries and marine protected areas to predict movement of larval fishes during their pelagic larval duration (PLD). Over the past 25 years, it has become obvious that behaviour—primarily vertical positioning, horizontal swimming and orientation—of larvae during their PLD can strongly influence dispersal outcomes. Yet, most published models do not include even one of these behaviours, and only a tiny fraction include all three. Furthermore, there is no clarity on how behaviours should be incorporated into models, nor on how to obtain the quantitative, empirical data needed to parameterize models. The PLD is a period of morphological, physiological and behavioural change, which presents challenges for modelling. The present paper aims to encourage the inclusion of larval behaviour in biophysical dispersal models for larvae of marine demersal fishes by providing practical suggestions, advice and insights about obtaining and incorporating behaviour of larval fishes into such models based on experience. Key issues are features of different behavioural metrics, incorporation of ontogenetic, temporal, spatial and among-individual variation, and model validation. Research on behaviour of larvae of study species should be part of any modelling effort.

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