Elastomeric Risers in the Offshore Wind Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
David G. Aubrey ◽  
Jennifer Wehof ◽  
Stephen O'Malley ◽  
Rajai Aghabi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Fishing Activity

AbstractFloating LiDAR systems (FLS) and other moored environmental monitoring systems are used extensively for wind and environmental assessments in offshore wind projects. In addition, wave energy converters (WECs) are being evaluated for more extensive use in coastal and deeper waters, most of which also require anchoring to the seabed. Since these systems must be moored, heavy anchors and typically heavy chain are used to secure the mooring and measurement/WEC buoy to the seabed. Disadvantages of present mooring technology include 1) damage to the seabed and benthic communities in vicinity of the mooring, as chain sweeps over the sea bottom; 2) an unnecessarily large watch circle at the water's surface; 3) slightly increased likelihood of marine mammal entanglement; 4) mooring damage from nearby fishing activity; and 5) likelihood of mooring failure due to self-entanglement within the mooring itself. This study presents an alternative mooring using mechanically compliant, elastomeric hoses to connect the buoyed system to the bottom anchor. Modeling the two mooring types with a typical buoy used in wind resource assessments shows a significant decrease in anchor drag area and surface watch circle with the use of the elastomeric hose versus the traditional chain and polyethylene line mooring. The hose also is equipped with copper conductors and/or fiber-optic conductors, providing power and data transmission between the bottom and the surface. For WEC solutions, the elastomeric hose provides similar benefits as for FLS and environmental monitoring systems, with the added advantage of being able to transmit power to the seafloor for distribution. For one WEC application, we have developed an elastomeric solution containing not only larger copper conductors to enable power transmission but also fiber-optic conductors to permit data transfer from a garage mounted on the bottom (servicing an autonomous underwater vehicle [AUV] or unmanned underwater vehicle [UUV], for instance) to the surface buoy for onward transmission to shore.

scholarly journals Photonic powering of sensors with bidirectional communication along a single fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Jovan Shikoski ◽  
Rumen Arnaudov ◽  
Tinko Eftimov
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Partial Discharges ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Photovoltaic Converter ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Bidirectional Communication

In this paper we propose and study simultaneous transmission of photonic power and bidirectional communication to and from sensors via 840/1310 nm WDMs. The photovoltaic converter is used both for power conversion and data transfer from the high power laser at 808nm up to 1Mb/s while the 1310nm link can be up to 155 Mb/s.Full Text: PDF References:J.C.V.da Silva, E.L.A.S.de Souza, V.Garcia, J.B.Rosolem, C.Floridia, M.A.B.Sanches, "Design of a Multimode Fiber Optic Cable to Transmit Optical Energy for Long Reach in PoF Systems", Proceedings of the 63rd IWCS Conference, International Wire & Cable Symposium, Shrewsbury, PA, USA, 2014, pp.832-839. [CrossRef]J.B. Rosolem, E.K.Tomiyama, D.C.Dini, F.R.Bassan, R.S.Penze, A.A.Leonardi, C. Floridia, J.P.Fracarolli, R.M.Teixeira, "A fiber optic powered sensor designed for partial discharges monitoring on high voltage bushings". Proc. of SBMO/IEEE MTT‐S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC); 3-6 Nov. 2015; Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, pp. 1-5. [CrossRef]T.C. Banwell, R.C.Estes, L.A.Reith, P.W.Shumate, E.M.Vogel, "Powering the fiber loop optically - a cost analysis", IEEE J. of Lightwave Techn., Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 481-494, 1993. [CrossRef]M. Dumke, G. Heiserich, S. Franke, L. Schulz, and L. Overmeyer, "Power Transmission by Optical Fibers for Component Inherent Communication", Systemics, Cybernetics And Informatics, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 55-60, (2010) [DirectLink]C. Gao, J. Wang, L. Yin, J. Yang, J. Jiang, H. Wan, Optically Powered Active Sensing System for Internet Of Things, Proc. SPIE 9270, Optoelectronic Devices and Integration V, 927016 (24 October 2014) [CrossRef]J. Yan, J. Wang, Y. Lu, J. Jiang, H. Wan, Novel Wireless Sensor System Based on Power-over-Fiber Technique, 14th Int. Conf. on Optical Comm. and Networks (ICOCN) 3-5 July 2015, Nanjing, China, 15382393 [CrossRef]Böttger, G.; Dreschmann, M.; Klamouris, C.; Hü bner, M.; Röger, M.; Bett, A. W.; Kueng, T.; Becker, J.; Freu de, W.; Leuthold, J.: An Otically Powered Video Camera Link. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 20, No. 1, pages 39-41, 2008. [CrossRef]M. Matsuura and J. Sato, Bidirectional Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Using Double-Clad Fibers for Optically Powered Remote Antenna Units, IEEE Photonics J., Vol. 7, No. 1, 2015, 7900609 [CrossRef]J. Wang, Q. Li, J. Yan, Y. Ding, Y. Lu, Y. Zhang, H. Wan, Power-Over-Fiber Technique based Sensing System for Internet оf Things, 15th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN), Hangzhou, China, Sep. 24-27, 2016. [CrossRef]S. Kartalopoulos, Optical Bit Error Rate: An Estimation Methodology (2004) Willey- IEEE Press. [CrossRef]J. Shikoski, R. Arnaudov, and T. Eftimov, A study of the frequency characteristics of a photovoltaic convertor РРС-4Е, Photonics Letters of Poland, Vol. 10(3), (2018), pp. 70-72 [CrossRef]J. B. Rosolem, Optical Fiber and Wireless Communications, Ed. by R. Róka, Ch. 13, Power‐Over‐Fiber Applications for Telecommunications and for Electric Utilities, Intech Open Ltd, London, 2017, pp.255-278. [CrossRef]

scholarly journals Large-scale assessment of benthic communities across multiple marine protected areas using an autonomous underwater vehicle

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0193711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Ferrari ◽  
Ezequiel M. Marzinelli ◽  
Camila Rezende Ayroza ◽  
Alan Jordan ◽  
Will F. Figueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment

scholarly journals A novel electromagnetic actuator in an inductive power transmission system for autonomous underwater vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 168781401879742
Author(s):  
Wen Haibing ◽  
Song Baowei ◽  
Zhang Kehan ◽  
Yan Zhengchao
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Transfer Characteristic ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuator ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Power Transmission System ◽  
Inductive Power Transmission ◽  
Inductive Power

Autonomous underwater vehicle is a class of intelligent robots, which has been widely used in ocean observatory. Inductive power transmission is a good way to supply power and extend the working endurance of autonomous underwater vehicle. The power transfer characteristic depends on the electromagnetic actuator. A novel electromagnetic actuator has been proposed for different traditional autonomous underwater vehicle docking applications in this study. At first, the structure of electromagnetic actuator and assembled configurations for autonomous underwater vehicle submerged docks was given. Then, the mutual-coupling circuit and reluctance model were built. At last, in order to verify and test this electromagnetic actuator’s power transfer characteristics, an underwater test setup was built and used in both laboratory experiment and in a modeled autonomous underwater vehicle power cabin. The test results showed that the novel electromagnetic actuator could reach the highest power transmission efficiency of 78.1% at the frequency of 115 kHz, while the output power of inductive power transmission system is 75 W at 5 mm gap in working condition. Thus, it is suitable for autonomous underwater vehicle power feeding.

Exploring the Deepest Depths: Preliminary Design of a Novel Light-Tethered Hybrid ROV for Global Science in Extreme Environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Bowen ◽  
Dana R. Yoerger ◽  
Louis L. Whitcomb ◽  
Daniel J. Fornari
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Global Science ◽  
Area Survey ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Manipulator Arm ◽  
Scientific Survey

This paper describes a new project to build an operational underwater vehicle that can perform scientific survey and sampling to the full depth of the ocean (11,000 meters). The vehicle, called a hybrid remotely operated vehicle (HROV), will operate in two different modes. For broad area survey, the vehicle will operate untethered as a autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) capable of exploring and mapping the seafloor with sonars and cameras. After targets of interest have been found, the vehicle will be converted at-sea to become a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) that will enable close up imaging and sampling. The ROV configuration will incorporate a lightweight fiber optic tether to the surface for high bandwidth real-time video and data telemetry to the surface to enable high-quality teleoperation, additional cameras and lights, a manipulator arm, and sampling gear. This paper outlines the scientific motivation for the project as well as the feasibility of our design concept. Analysis of the fiber optic cable shows our approach to be practical even with fairly extreme current profiles. An overall approach to the vehicle design is also presented, including options for pressure housings and buoyancy materials.

Acoustic Data Transfer Limits Using an Underwater Vehicle in Very Shallow Water

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Marr ◽  
Anthony J. Healey
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Multiple Channel ◽  
Acoustic Data

Advances in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) using acoustic communications to transfer relatively high rate downloads of mission information are crucial to future Navy objectives, particularly in Very Shallow Water Mine Countermeasures (VSW MCM). Present understanding is primarily based on fixed node experiments rather than quantified by vehicles working in the real environment. This paper reports on the demonstrated limits of high speed asymmetric acoustic data transfer using an AUV in an adverse very shallow water environment. A comprehensive series of studies in multiple channel geometries was completed using a “state of the art” commercially available modem system installed on the NPS ARIES autonomous underwater vehicle. The maximum operating range for effective high speed data transfer in very shallow water from a dynamic AUV with all integrated systems active was about 300 meters in the horizontal plane with nearly 100% reliability, at bit rates up to a maximum of 800 bits/second.

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