THE OCCURRENCE OF (E)-11-TETRADECEN-1-OL, A KNOWN SEX ATTRACTANT INHIBITOR, IN THE ABDOMINAL TIPS OF VIRGIN FEMALE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weatherston ◽  
W. Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Attractant Inhibitor

AbstractThe sex-pheromone-producing gland of the eastern spruce budworm, in addition to producing the sex attractant (E)-11-tetradecenal, has been shown by gas chromatographic and mass spectral data to contain (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, a known inhibitor to the sex attractant.

LABORATORY BIOASSAY OF THE SEX PHEROMONE OF THE FEMALE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Minor Peak ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Number Of Males

AbstractA simple and inexpensive olfactometer based on that of Gaston and Shorey (1964) is described for bioassaying the sex pheromone of the eastern spruce budworm. The number of males buzzing (rapidly beating their wings while circling on the substrate) after the introduction of the sample into the airstream of the olfactometer was used as measure of response. Males held under continuous illumination showed maximum response when 2 to 3 days old. Under natural lighting males showed a circadian rhythm, with peak response shortly after dark and a minor peak in mid-morning. Since per cent response under continuous illumination exceeded the maximum response under natural lighting, it is recommended that bioassays be carried out with 2- to 3-day-old males held under continuous illumination.

BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF SECONDARY COMPONENTS OF THE SEX PHEROMONE OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1053-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Alford ◽  
P. J. Silk ◽  
M. McClure ◽  
C. Gibson ◽  
J. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Number Of Males

AbstractLaboratory wind tunnel and field observations have demonstrated an important behavioural role of tetradecanal (14:Ald) in the chemical communication system of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). A greater number of males initiated upwind flight and continued on to contact the source when 14:Ald was present than with 95/5 E/Z11-tetradecenal (E/Z11-14:Ald) alone. The presence of E11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (E11-14:Ac) decreased the males' responsiveness to the aldehydes. Its effect appeared to be attenuated, when present at low levels with 95/5 E/Z11-14:Ald, by the presence of 14:Ald, but it is still unclear what effects low levels of E11-14:Ac have on male behaviour.

TESTS OF MOTOR STIMULANTS FOR EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jan A. Volney ◽  
George A. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Slow Reaction ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Gravid Females

AbstractThe insecticide phosphamidon, both alone and mixed with other chemicals, was tested in the laboratory as a motor stimulant to female spruce budworm moths. For phosphamidon alone, the time to reaction of virgin female budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) moths was about 40 min. However, small supplements of pyrethrum or synthetic pyrethroids reduced the reaction time to about 3–8 min. The slow reaction to phosphamidon alone could account for the failure of that insecticide to kill gravid females. It is postulated that moths quickly stimulated to flight activity within the canopy would be more likely to acquire a lethal dose of insecticide before the spray cloud dissipated.

COMPONENTS OF THE SEX PHEROMONE GLAND OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1311-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Wiesner ◽  
P.J. Silk ◽  
S.-H. Tan ◽  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
J.O. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Pheromone Gland ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Biosynthetic Precursor ◽  
Sex Pheromone Gland ◽  
Natural Pheromone

The major component of the sex pheromone of the eastern spruce budwonn was established by Weatherston et al. (1971) to be trans-11-tetradecenal. Subsequently it was found (Sanders and Weatherston 1976) that a small proportion of cis-11-tetradecenal was essential to attraction and indeed was a component of the natural pheromone. In addition Weatherston and Maclean (1974) have shown that the female sex pheromone gland contains trans-11-tetradecenol, a presumed biosynthetic precursor to the aldehyde.

Studies of physiologically active arthropod secretions. IV. Topography of the sex pheromone producing gland of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weatherston ◽  
J. E. Percy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Scanning Electron

By use of the scanning electron microscope, the sex pheromone producing gland of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), was studied in relation to the mode of release of the pheromone.

SEX PHEROMONE OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): OPTIMUM BLEND OF TRANS- AND CIS-11-TETRADECENAL

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders ◽  
J. Weatherston
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm

AbstractA reinvestigation of the sex pheromone of the eastern spruce bud worm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), showed that it contains 11-tetradecenal in the ratio 96% trans-: 4% cis-. Field trapping showed the pure trans- compound to be only slightly attractive. Maximum attraction occurred in the range 2% to 5% cis-.

A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ANALOGUE OF THE PRIMARY SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Silk ◽  
L. P. S. Kuenen ◽  
G. C. Lonergan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Pheromone Components

Disruption of mating and of trap capture of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), has been accomplished in recent years (reviewed in Silk and Kuenen 1984) by disseminating large quantities of the primary components (synthetic) of the female sex pheromone within a forest environment. These components (E)- and (2)-11-tetradecenal (E/Z11-14:Ald) (Sanders and Weatherston 1976) are emitted by virgin female budworm at a 95/5 E/Z ratio (Silk et al. 1980). Unsaturated aldehydes are expensive, tend to polymerize readily (Dunkelblum et al. 1984), and are susceptible to air oxidation and/or photodegradation in the field environment. Analogues, with increased stability and reduced cost, that duplicate the effects of these pheromone components would therefore be of practical value.

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