BIOLOGY AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CHERRY SCALLOP SHELL MOTH, HYDRIA PRUNIVORATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), IN NEW YORK

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Schultz ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Scallop Shell ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe cherry scallop shell moth, Hydria prunivorata (Ferguson), is a colonial feeder on black cherry, Prunus serotina Ehrh. Pupae overwinter in the litter and adult emergence occurs from May through September. Eggs are laid on the foliage in pyramidal-shaped masses 23–26 days after adult emergence. Eggs begin to hatch 4 days following oviposition and each of the four larval stages lasts 4–6 days. There is one generation per year in New York. The egg parasite Telenomus sp. is the principal mortality factor occurring in populations that have remained at outbreak levels for 2 or more years. The life stages of H. prunivorata are described and control recommendations discussed. The peach bark beetle, Phloeotribus liminaris (Harris), may kill black cherry trees that are stressed by heavy defoliation.

Distribution of Gum Spots by Causal Agent in Black Cherry and Effects On Log and Tree Quality

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
C. O. Rexrode ◽  
J. E. Baumgras
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Tree Quality

Abstract Gum spots were studied in 116 black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) trees in West Virginia. Bark beetles are the major cause of gum spots in both black cherry poletimber and sawtimber trees. Approximately 90 percent of all gum spots in the bole sections are caused by bark beetles. Cambium miners cause few gum spots in the lower 6 m of the trees and virtually none in the quality zone. Bark beetle-caused gum spots are grade defects in both veneer and factory grade sawlogs. Cambium miner-caused gum spots cause little degrade in veneer logs and none in factory grade 1 and 2 sawlogs.

Chemically-mediated colonization of black cherry by the peach bark beetle, Phloeotribus liminaris

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Ethington ◽  
Gabriel P. Hughes ◽  
Nicole R. VanDerLaan ◽  
Matthew D. Ginzel
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Black Cherry

Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to Brachyuran crabs: a review of deleterious effects of oil-related xenobiotics on life stages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Qusaie Karam ◽  
Zainab Al-Wazzan
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Ph Toxicity ◽  
Brachyuran Crabs

Abstract Petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) toxicity and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms have been investigated for almost 50 years. Continuous oil spillages necessitate a further understanding of the toxicological effects of PH on brachyuran crabs. Crabs can be exposed to PH through various routes such as the water column, sediment and diet. Numerous investigations have been dedicated to evaluating PH toxicity on different life stages of crab species, but the majority of them have focused on the blue crab Callinectes sapidus as it represents an edible and favourable seafood commodity for human consumption. The objective of the review is to critically assess studies related to PH toxicity on different life stages of 41 crab species representing 13 families across the world. Several physiological, biochemical and genetic endpoints of marine crabs were evaluated in addition to the sublethal effects of PH on crab metabolism, behaviour, moulting, growth and survival. A concise summary of PH deleterious effects on different taxonomic species of marine crabs is discussed and provides evidence that crabs can be used as indicator organisms of biomarker significance for marine pollution. Overall, larval stages appeared to be the most sensitive to the deleterious effects of PH compared with juveniles and adults. However, adult stages have received more research attention than other life stages, followed by larval stages, and juvenile stages are the least investigated stages with respect to PH toxicity. Finally, hepatopancreas and gills were the organs where greatest accumulation of PH was recorded.

scholarly journals Effect of Prunus serotina Ehrh. Volatile Compounds on Germination and Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris L.

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Halarewicz ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Paulina Bączek
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

In temperate European forests invaded by Prunus serotina Ehrh. (black cherry), a reduction in the spontaneous regeneration capacity of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) is observed. It could be caused by various factors, including allelopathic properties of this invasive plant. In this study the phytotoxic effect of P. serotina volatile compounds on P. sylvestris and the seasonal variation in this effect were assessed. Simple assays showed that volatiles emitted from P. serotina leaves significantly inhibited root growth of P. sylvestris seedlings. Their negative effect on stem growth was much weaker. The strongest phytotoxic effect on Scots pine seedlings was caused by the volatiles emitted from the youngest black cherry leaves. In fresh foliage of P. serotina, nineteen volatile organic compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The dominant compound was benzaldehyde. On the basis of tests of linalool alone, it was found that this monoterpene present in the volatile fraction has a strong allelopathic potential and inhibits germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of pine seedlings. The results of our research suggest that volatile compounds from P. serotina leaves could limited survival of P. sylvestris individuals in the seedling phase.

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