Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to Brachyuran crabs: a review of deleterious effects of oil-related xenobiotics on life stages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Qusaie Karam ◽  
Zainab Al-Wazzan
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Ph Toxicity ◽  
Brachyuran Crabs

Abstract Petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) toxicity and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms have been investigated for almost 50 years. Continuous oil spillages necessitate a further understanding of the toxicological effects of PH on brachyuran crabs. Crabs can be exposed to PH through various routes such as the water column, sediment and diet. Numerous investigations have been dedicated to evaluating PH toxicity on different life stages of crab species, but the majority of them have focused on the blue crab Callinectes sapidus as it represents an edible and favourable seafood commodity for human consumption. The objective of the review is to critically assess studies related to PH toxicity on different life stages of 41 crab species representing 13 families across the world. Several physiological, biochemical and genetic endpoints of marine crabs were evaluated in addition to the sublethal effects of PH on crab metabolism, behaviour, moulting, growth and survival. A concise summary of PH deleterious effects on different taxonomic species of marine crabs is discussed and provides evidence that crabs can be used as indicator organisms of biomarker significance for marine pollution. Overall, larval stages appeared to be the most sensitive to the deleterious effects of PH compared with juveniles and adults. However, adult stages have received more research attention than other life stages, followed by larval stages, and juvenile stages are the least investigated stages with respect to PH toxicity. Finally, hepatopancreas and gills were the organs where greatest accumulation of PH was recorded.

scholarly journals Thermal tolerance of the zoea I stage of four Neotropical crab species (Crustacea: Decapoda)

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Adriana P. Rebolledo ◽  
Rachel Collin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Carry Over

. Although larval stages are often considered particularly vulnerable to stressors, for many marine invertebrates studies of thermal tolerance have focused on adults. Here we determined the upper thermal limit (LT50) of the zoea I of four Caribbean crab species (Macrocoelomatrispinosum, Aratuspisonii, Armasesricordi, and Minucarapax) and compared their thermal tolerance over time and among species. The zoea from the subtidal species M.trispinosum and tree climbing mangrove species A.pisonii had a lower thermal tolerance, 35 and 38.5 °C respectively, than did the semiterrestrial A.ricordi and M.rapax. In all four species tested, the estimates of thermal tolerance depend on the duration of exposure to elevated temperatures. Longer exposures to thermal stress produce lower estimates of LT50, which decreased by ~1 °C from a two- to a six-hour exposure. Crab embryos develop on the abdomen of the mother until the larvae are ready to hatch. Therefore, the thermal tolerances of the embryos which need to coincide with the environmental conditions experienced by the adult stage, may carry over into the early zoea stage. Our results suggest that semiterrestrial species, in which embryos may need to withstand higher temperatures than embryos of subtidal species also produce larvae with higher thermal tolerances. Over the short term, the larvae of these tropical crab species can withstand significantly higher temperatures than those experienced in their marine habitat. Longer term rearing studies are necessary to determine the temperature at which chronic exposure has a negative impact on embryonic and larval survival.

scholarly journals Accumulation and toxicity of monoaromatic petroleum hydrocarbons in early life stages of cod and haddock

2019 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbet Sørensen ◽  
Bjørn Henrik Hansen ◽  
Julia Farkas ◽  
Carey E. Donald ◽  
William J. Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages

scholarly journals Exploring unknown life stages of Arctic Tanytarsini (Diptera: Chironomidae) with DNA barcoding

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2743 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELISABETH STUR ◽  
TORBJØRN EKREM
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
Close Resemblance ◽  
First Results

We present the first results from a project on Spitsbergen and Bear Island where the ultimate goal is to provide genetic and morphological identification keys to all species. Five Tanytarsini species have been recorded from Svalbard. By sequencing partial COI gene sequences, we have associated larvae of all of these, and describe the hitherto undescribed larval stages of Microspectra insignilobus Kieffer, M. radialis Goetghebuer and Tanytarsus heliomesonyctios Langton. We also present keys to larva, pupa and imagines of all Tanytarsini species found on Svalbard and discuss larval morphology in relationship to characters preserved in subfossil material. Of particular interest is the mandible and mentum of T. heliomsonyctios which show close resemblance to the tentatively associated larvae of Corynocera oliveri Lindeberg. An overview over Tanytarsus species with “lugens-type” larvae is given and the phylogenetic value of mandibular accessory teeth is briefly discussed.

Variations in type, width, volume and carbon content of anchoveta Engraulis ringens food items during the early larval stages

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yañez-Rubio ◽  
A. Llanos-Rivera ◽  
L.R. Castro ◽  
G. Claramunt ◽  
L. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Engraulis Ringens

In order to determine the changes in the relative importance of different kinds of preys as larval anchoveta Engralis ringens grows, the present study reports information about feeding incidence, type, size, and carbon content estimates of preys, at the beginning of the main spawning season in mid-winter off central Chile. Our results show a mixed diet initially dominated by phytoplankton and later switching to zooplankton in older larvae. While larval anchoveta grows, they feed on preys whose widths do not vary much compared to their body length and volume. These preys might be different taxa or a single species whose body widths vary little among life stages (i.e. nauplii and copepodites). Differences in estimated carbon content were observed among food items and a marked increase in carbon consumption was observed in the larger larval sizes (>9 mm standard length). These ontogenetic changes in feeding are coincident with the increased proportion of larger preys and also with the number of preys consumed by larger larvae.

On a collection of freshwater and estuarine crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Mindanao Island, the Philippines

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4868 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-330
Author(s):  
NICKEL JEAN S. LAGARE ◽  
EMMARIE F. MAPI-OT ◽  
ZILJIH S. MOLINA ◽  
JEMATEO B. NERI ◽  
OLGA M. NUÑEZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
New Records ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Philippine Island ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Brachyuran Crab ◽  
Main Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brachyuran Crabs

The brachyuran fauna of the large southern Philippine island of Mindanao is poorly known, with only a few freshwater and estuarine crab species described or recorded in the last 30 years. Renewed interest in crab biodiversity has led to recent, small-scale surveys (2016–2019) of freshwater and estuarine habitats in various localities in Mindanao, which have yielded a good diversity of brachyuran crabs. As a result, a total of 26 species of brachyuran crab, representing 6 families (Hymenosomatidae, Oziidae, Gecarcinidae, Sesarmidae, Varunidae, and Ocypodidae), are reported here. Of these, 15 species are new records for the main island of Mindanao, 6 of which are also new records for the Philippines. Remarks on the taxonomy, distribution, and natural history of these species are also provided. 

Morphometric and morphological characteristics for identifying the life stages of Xiphinema bakeri Williams, 1961 (Nematoda: Longidorinae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Sutherland ◽  
T. G. Dunn ◽  
N. Bruce F. Cousens
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Clear Area ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Tail Shape ◽  
Tail Tip

Several morphometric and morphological characteristics were evaluated to determine their usefulness in identifying the life stages of Xiphinema bakeri. The stages can be identified by length of the body, onchiostylet, and replacement stylet of larvae. These values increase lineally from first-stage larva to adult, and fall into five groups corresponding to the nematodes' four larval stages and adult. Each stage has a specific tail-tip shape, which gradually changes from subacute in the first and second stages to subdigitate in adults. At lower magnifications, the body length and the tail shape, used in combination, are best for identification. First-stage larvae also have the replacement stylet overlapping the stylet extension, distinguishing them from the second stage. Frequently the immature vagina of fourth-stage larvae appears as a clear area in the body; this helps to separate them from the third stage.

SAMPLING METHODS FOR ESTIMATING THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ALL LIFE STAGES OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1025-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Cameron ◽  
F. O. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Heterogeneous Environment ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

AbstractSampling techniques for all life stages of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), were developed and their precision and accuracy evaluated. Reliable estimates were obtained for the egg and larval stages (standard error < 10%), but at the low population levels often encountered in the pupal and adult stages it was necessary to accept a lower level of precision (S.E. ≏ 25%). Eggs and larvae were uniformly distributed within trees. Variation between tree quadrants, and sections at different radii from the trunk, showed that stratification within trees was necessary for reliable estimation of the later stages. Predators acting in a heterogeneous environment under the trees were considered to be the major contributors to this variation. The most consistent source of variation was that between trees.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic response to decreased pH in adult, larval and juvenile red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, and interactive effects of pH and temperature on juveniles

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-265
Author(s):  
Jonathon H. Stillman ◽  
Scott A. Fay ◽  
Syed M. Ahmad ◽  
Katherine M. Swiney ◽  
Robert J. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Red King Crab ◽  
Paralithodes Camtschaticus ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
King Crab ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Transcriptomic Level ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractOcean warming and acidification are expected to influence the biology of the ecologically and economically important red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus. We investigated transcriptome responses of adult, larval and juvenile red king crab to assess sensitivity to reduced pH and elevated temperature. In adults, gill tissue (but not heart or cuticle) responded to reduced pH by differentially regulating many genes involved in metabolic, membrane and cuticular processes, but not ionic or acid/base regulation. In larval crabs, we found little evidence for a strong transcriptomic response to pH, but did observe large differences in the transcriptomes of newly hatched and one-week old larvae. In juvenile crabs, we found that there was a strong transcriptomic response to temperature across all pH conditions, but that only extreme low pH caused transcriptomic shifts. Most of the genes in juveniles that were differentially expressed were for cuticular and calcification processes. While inferences regarding the specific biological responses associated with changes in gene expression are likely to change as resources for red king crab genomics enabled studies continue to improve (i.e. better assemblies and annotation), our inferences about general sensitivities to temperature and pH across the life stages of red king crab are robust and unlikely to shift. Overall, our data suggest that red king crab are more sensitive to warming than acidification, and that responses to acidification at the transcriptomic level occur at different levels of pH across life stages, with juveniles being less pH sensitive than adults.

BIOLOGY AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CHERRY SCALLOP SHELL MOTH, HYDRIA PRUNIVORATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), IN NEW YORK

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Schultz ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Scallop Shell ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe cherry scallop shell moth, Hydria prunivorata (Ferguson), is a colonial feeder on black cherry, Prunus serotina Ehrh. Pupae overwinter in the litter and adult emergence occurs from May through September. Eggs are laid on the foliage in pyramidal-shaped masses 23–26 days after adult emergence. Eggs begin to hatch 4 days following oviposition and each of the four larval stages lasts 4–6 days. There is one generation per year in New York. The egg parasite Telenomus sp. is the principal mortality factor occurring in populations that have remained at outbreak levels for 2 or more years. The life stages of H. prunivorata are described and control recommendations discussed. The peach bark beetle, Phloeotribus liminaris (Harris), may kill black cherry trees that are stressed by heavy defoliation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document