DESCRIPTION OF LARVAE OF 17 NEARCTIC SPECIES OF HYDROPORUS CLAIRVILLE (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: HYDROPORINAE) WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Alarie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractThe larvae of 17 species of Hydroporus Clairville were described and characterized; a key for their discrimination and illustrations of structural features of first- and third-instar larvae are provided. Many structural features, especially those of chaetotaxy and porotaxy of head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi, were found to be useful for taxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons. Based on 21 larval characters, the phylogenetic relationships among the five main lineages of Hydroporus (s. lat.) occurring in North America were studied. Structurally, the species of the subgenus Hydroporus (s. str.) and of the vilis species-group (H. planiusculus Fall) were found to be the most generalized taxa whereas the subgenera Neoporus Guignot and Heterosternuta Strand encompassed the species with the most derived condition. The subgenus Heterosternuta was closely related to the subgenus Neoporus and both subgenera were hypothesized to form a distinct monophyletic unit on the basis of five synapomorphies. The only representative of the oblitus species-group studied, H. paugus Fall, was related to Hydroporus (s. str.) and the vilis species-group by the shape of the siphon. This species was a very peculiar clement within Hydroporus (s. lat.) because it was the only known species of the genus without stemmaia in the first- and second-instar larvae, with stemmata greatly reduced in size in the third-instar larvae, and with a secondary dorsomedian seta on antennomere 2. The larval features of Hydroporus (s. lat.) were compared with those of Hygrotus Stephens. The comparison suggested that both genera form a monophyletic unit, that each of them is a distinct monophyletic unit, and that Hydroporus (s. lat.) is the sister-group of Hygrotus Stephens.

DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVAE OF ELEVEN NEARCTIC SPECIES OF HYGROTUS STEPHENS (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: HYDROPORINAE) WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR PHYLETIC RELATIONSHIPS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Alarie ◽  
P.P. Harper ◽  
R.E. Roughley
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractA systematic analysis of larvae of 11 Nearctic species of Hygrotus Stephens was undertaken. The larvae are described and characterized; a key for their discrimination and illustrations of structural features of representatives of first- and third-instar larvae are provided. Many structural features, especially detailed variations in the chaetotaxy of cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi, were found to be useful for systematic and phylogenetic comparisons. Based on 21 larval characters, a cladistic analysis of the species studied was developed. A sister-group relationship between H. laccophilinus (LeConte) and the remaining available species is suggested. The less derived species, i.e. those without natatory setae on the legs, appear phylogenetically more closely related to the larvae of Hydroporus s.str. Hygrotus masculinus (Crotch) is the most derived species of the genus and, for many characters, seems more closely related to Hyphydrini. According to larval morphology, it is hypothesized that the genus Hygrotus diverged posteriorly to the genus Hydroporus Clairville.

The phylogenetic relationships of Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) based on partial mitochondrial DNA gene sequences

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3150 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
XIAOMING GU ◽  
HUI WANG ◽  
RONGRONG CHEN ◽  
YINGZHOU TIAN ◽  
SONG LI
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship

We examined phylogenetic relationships among newst of the genus Paramesotriton using partial mitochondrial gene se-quences, including the ND2-tRNATyr region (1415 bp) and the 12S rDNA-tRNAVal -16S rDNA region (1774 bp), from 42individuals of 10 recognized Paramesotriton species and outgroups by Bayesian inference (BI), Maximum likelihood(ML) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods. We found that, (1) Laotriton laoensis is the sister group of Paramesotri-ton, (2) the genus Paramesotriton is monophyletic, composed of either the P. caudopunctatus species group and the P.chinensis species group, or the subgenera Allomesotriton and Paramesotriton (3) P. longliensis and P. zhijinensis shouldbe placed in the P. caudopunctatus species group or subgenus Allomesotriton; (4) P. fuzhongensis is not a junior synonym of P. chinensis, and there is a close phylogenetic relationship between P. fuzhongensis and P. guangxiensis.

Cuticular morphology of larval mountain midges (Diptera: Deuterophlebiidae): implications for the phylogenetic relationships of Nematocera

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Cuticular Structure

The cuticular structure of larval mountain midges (Diptera: Deuterophlebiidae) is described, with emphasis on cranial and mouthpart morphology. Homologies are suggested for musculature and external features of the head capsule. External morphology of the thorax and abdomen is described, and a system for deuterophlebiid larval chaetotaxy is presented. Also included is a discussion of the feeding behaviour of deuterophlebiid and blepharicerid larvae, and how differing morphological characteristics influence mechanisms of food acquisition. Larval morphology of the Deuterophlebiidae and other Nematocera provides support for (i) a sister-group relationship between the Deuterophlebiidae and Blephariceridae; (ii) a monophyletic Blephariceromorpha (sensu Wood and Borkent) composed of the Nymphomyiidae + (Deuterophlebiidae + Blephariceridae); and (iii) a sister-group relationship between the Blephariceromorpha and Psychodomorpha (sensu Wood and Borkent).

Ephemeroid wing venation based upon new gigantic Carboniferous mayflies and basic morphology, phylogeny, and metamorphosis of pterygote insects (Insecta, Ephemerida)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Kukalová-Peck
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Primitive Condition ◽  
Wing Veins ◽  
Tracheal Gills ◽  
Plesiomorphic Character

Gigantic as well as very large mayflies from the middle Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian) strata of Europe and North America are described: the adult and nymph of Bojophlebia prokopi n. gen., n. sp. (Bojophlebiidae n. fam.) and the nymphs of Lithoneura piecko n. sp. and Lithoneura clayesi n. sp. (Syntonopteridae). Evolution of ephemerid wing venation during 300 million years is summarized. Autapomorphic, apomorphic, and plesiomorphic character states of venation are categorized. Venational nomenclature of Recent Ephemerida is emended based on its evolutionary changes. Evidence that wing veins occurred primitively as a pair of fluted sectors is documented in Carboniferous mayflies in the costa, subcosta, radius, anal, and jugal. Ephemeroids and odonatoids are sister groups that share the veinal anal brace AA fused with CuP at an area important for flight. Ancestral Odonatoephemerida are the sister group of the extinct haustellate Paleoptera. The Carboniferous nymphs bear three pairs of almost homonomous thoracic wings and, on the abdomen, nine pairs of legs and nine pairs of tracheal gills (wing homologues). This proves that abdominal legs have been totally reduced in Recent Ephemerida except for the claspers (gonopods) and that tracheal gills are not flattened legs. The metamorphic instar probably originated in relatively young instars. Insectan cerci developed from segmented, arched, functional legs of abdominal segment 11, which were still present in this primitive condition in Carboniferous Monura.

Postembryonic development of the dorsal chaetotaxy in Seira dowlingi (Collembola, Entomobryidae); with an analysis of the diagnostic and phylogenetic significance of primary chaetotaxy in Seira

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1683 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELIPE N. SOTO-ADAMES
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Phylogenetic Significance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Character System ◽  
Important Character

Chaetotaxy is probably the most important character system used to diagnose species in Entomobryidae, but its use in studies of phylogenetic relationships of suprageneric taxa has been hampered by difficulties in identifying the homology of individual setae. Currently there is developmental information for three (Orchesella, Entomobrya sensu lato and Lepidocyrtus sensu lato) of the four largest groups of entomobryids. Seira is the only major genus for which the postembryonic development of the chaetotaxy has not been described. To fill this gap a complete description of the postembryonic development of the dorsal chaetotaxy of Seira dowlingi (Wray, 1953) is presented. Based on this description and by comparisons with up to 96 additional Seira species, it is suggested that the loss of second abdominal segment primary setae m4 and p4 (by transformation into scales during postembryonic development) is the only chaetotaxic character diagnostic for the genus. The posterior botriothricum (homologous to D3) on the fourth abdominal segment is absent only in S. (Afroseira) rowani Yosii, from South Africa. It is suggested that the presence of seta p3 and absence of p4 on the third abdominal segment support a more recent relationship between Seira and Lepidocyrtus/Pseudosinella than between Seira and Entomobrya sensu lato.

Larval morphology of four genera of Laccophilinae (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae) with an analysis of their phylogenetic relationships

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris H.S. Watts ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson ◽  
Michael Balke ◽  
Lars Hendrich ◽  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Larval Instars

AbstractDescriptions of the larval instars of four genera (12 species) of the dytiscid subfamily Laccophilinae, Laccophilus Leach, Neptosternus Sharp, Australphilus Watts and Africophilus Guignot, are presented including a detailed chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A parsimony analysis, based on the 13 informative larval characteristics was conducted with Hennig86. The genus Africophilus is postulated to represent the sister-group of a clade comprised of Laccophilus + (Neptosternus + Australphilus) which is supported by, (i) primary seta CO7 articulated proximally on all legs, (ii) presence of natatory setae, (iii) metatibia + metatarsus very elongated, and (iv) elongated urogomphi.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analyses using molecular markers reveal ecological lineages in Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Pollet ◽  
Christoph Germann ◽  
Marco Valerio Bernasconi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats

AbstractMedetera Fischer von Waldheim is the most speciose genus in the Medeterinae, with a nearly ubiquitous global distribution. Phylogenetic relationships within Medetera and between Medetera and four other medeterine genera were investigated using mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear (18S) markers to test morphological hypotheses. Our results confirm most of Bickel's hypotheses. Thrypticus Gerstäcker shows a sister-group relationship with Medetera + Dolichophorus Lichtwardt. The Medetera species included here split into two clades. One clade corresponds to the M. diadema L. – veles Loew species group sensu Bickel. The second clade is largely composed of the M. apicalis (Zetterstedt) species group sensu Bickel and the M. aberrans Wheeler species group sensu Bickel + Dolichophorus. Although most Medeterinae are associated with plants (mainly trees), species in at least two separate lineages demonstrate a secondary return to terrestrial habitats. The implication of this evolutionary phenomenon is briefly discussed.

A new species of the seepage midge genus Trichothaumalea Edwards from Japan (Diptera: Thaumaleidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyohei Saigusa ◽  
Bradley J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe adult and pupa of Trichothaumalea japonica sp. n. are described from Japan. This widespread relict genus also includes three species from western [T. pluvialis (Dyar & Shannon), T. pilosa (Garrett)] and eastern (T. elakalensis Sinclair) North America. T. japonica + T. elakalensis are most closely related and together are the sister-group to the western Nearctic species group. Examples of Diptera with similar biogeographic patterns are listed. In addition, male genitalic homologies in this genus are re-examined.

Phylogenetic relationships of Leuronectes Sharp (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae) based on larval morphology and chaetotaxy

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Archangelsky ◽  
Mariano Michat
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Lateral Margin ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Segment Viii ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diving Beetle

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships of the diving beetle (Dytiscidae) genus Leuronectes Sharp are revised based on a cladistic analysis of seven Agabinae genera and 54 morphological and chaetotaxic characters from larvae. For this purpose, larvae of L. curtulus Régimbart are described and illustrated in detail for the first time, with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. The results show that Leuronectes is well placed within Agabinae based on the absence of natatory setae on tibia and tarsus in instars II and III, the urogomphus composed of two urogomphomeres, and the absence of secondary setae on urogomphus. Leuronectes is resolved as part of a basal polytomy along with Platynectes Régimbart and a clade formed by the remaining agabine genera. Leuronectes shares with Platynectes the setae UR2, UR3 and UR4 not inserted contiguously, with Platambus Thomson the anterolateral lobes of frontoclypeus not projected beyond anterior margin, with Hydrotrupes Sharp the seta AB9 inserted dorsolaterally, and with Ilybius Erichson the seta LA10 inserted submedially. Leuronectes is unique within Agabinae in having the apical lateroventral process of the third antennomere not protruding and additional ventroapical pores on third antennomere, and is unique within the dytiscid genera studied in having the seta LA12 inserted submedially and one additional spine-like seta inserted on the lateral margin of abdominal segment VIII.

Phylogenetic-Relationships Among Australian Tree Frogs (Anura, Hylidae, Pelodryadinae) - an Immunological Approach

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hutchinson ◽  
LR Maxson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Litoria Aurea ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Outgroup Taxon ◽  
Tree Frogs ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

Phylogenetic relationships among hylid frogs of the Australian region were studied by micro-complement fixation comparisons of serum albumin. Although our data support current species-group arrangements, we do not find good agreement between our phylogenetic hypotheses and those derived from morphological and karyological studies. Immunological analyses provide data which allow the construction of a phylogeny for the Australian radiation of the speciose genus Litoria, and suggest dividing the species of Litoria examined into five major species-assemblages, each of which is probably monophyletic. The sister- group relationship between the Litoria aurea group and Cyclorana is confirmed, and the diphyletic origin of the terrestrial hylids is supported. The radiation of Australian hylids is monophyletic with respect to the outgroup taxon (Hyla) used in this study, and the origin of diversification within the genus correlates well with estimates of the final separation of Australia from Antarctica-South America. Preliminary data suggest that the endemic New Guinean taxa (Nyctimystes and the montane Litoria) are closely related to the Australian 'freycineti' assemblage within Litoria. Albumin from Litoria infrafrenata cross-reacted poorly with all available Australian antisera, suggesting that this species may have originated independently of the rest of the Australian hylids. Our data support the classification of Australian tree frogs as hylids, rather than as leptodactyloid offshoots.

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