Cost and benefit of ant attendance for Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with reference to aphid colony size

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Katayama ◽  
Nobuhiko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Ant Attendance ◽  
Honeydew Excretion ◽  
The Cost

AbstractHoneydew utilization by the ant Lasius niger L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), honeydew excretion cost for the aphid Aphis craccivora Koch, and ant protection service for aphids against the lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were examined in a laboratory. The duration of honeydew utilization by ants increased with increase in aphid density. The presence of ants shortened the residence time of the lady beetle larva on a plant and reduced the proportion of aphids eaten. At a density of 5 aphids per plant, one aphid with ants excreted honeydew at a frequency two times higher than that of an aphid without ants, but not at a density of 100 aphids per plant. Therefore, a larger aphid colony may increase the benefit and decrease the cost of ant attendance.

scholarly journals Interactions of ants with native and invasive lady beetles and the role of chemical cues in intraguild interference

Chemoecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Bucher ◽  
Laura M. Japke ◽  
Ayse Gül Ünlü ◽  
Florian Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Beetle Elytra ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Ant Aggression

AbstractThe predator-predator naïveté hypothesis suggests that non-native predators benefit from being unknown to native predators, resulting in reduced intraguild interference with native predators. This novelty advantage should depend on the ability of native predators to recognize cues of non-native predators. Here, we compared ant aggression and lady beetle reaction in four native and the invasive lady beetle species Harmonia axyridis. In addition, we tested whether lady beetle cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are involved in species recognition, which might explain naïveté if the invasive species has a specific CHC profile. To this end, we conducted behavioral assays confronting two native ant species with both living lady beetles and lady beetle elytra bearing or lacking CHCs of different lady beetle species. Finally, we characterized CHC profiles of the lady beetles using GC–MS. In general, the aggression of Lasius niger was more frequent than that of Myrmica rubra and L. niger aggression was more frequent towards most native lady beetle species compared to H. axyridis. The removal of CHCs from lady beetle elytra reduced aggression of both ant species. If CHCs of respective lady beetle species were added on cue-free elytra, natural strength of L. niger aggression could be restored. CHC analyses revealed a distinct cue composition for each lady beetle species. Our experiments demonstrate that the presence of chemical cues on the surface of lady beetles contribute to the strength of ant aggression against lady beetles. Reduced aggression of L. niger towards H. axyridis and reduced avoidance behavior in H. axyridis compared to the equally voracious C. septempunctata might improve the invasive lady beetle’s access to ant-tended aphids.

Sorption and desorption of phosphorus by shale: batch and column studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnsely S. Cyrus ◽  
G. B. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sorbent Materials ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Cost

Constructed wetland systems have gained attention as attractive solutions for wastewater treatment. Wetlands are not efficient to treat wastewater with high concentrations of phosphorus (P). In order to remove high soluble P loads by wetland, sorbent beds can be added prior to the discharge of wastewater into wetlands. Sorption by sorbent materials is identified as a method for trapping excess P in wastewaters. In the present investigation, shale has been identified as a sorbent material for removal of phosphate (PO4-P) due to the cost effectiveness, stability and possibility of regeneration. The study focuses on the removal of PO4-P from wastewater using shale and the feasibility of using the P-sorbed material as slow-release fertilizer. Phosphorus sorption experiments were conducted by using shale (2 mm and 2–4.7 mm). Results indicate that Shale I (particle size = 2 mm) showed the highest sorption of PO4-P (500 ± 44 mg kg−1). Breakthrough point was reached within 10 h in columns with flow rates of 2 and 3 ml min−1. Lower flow rate of 1 ml min−1 showed an average residence time of about 2 h while columns with a higher flow rate of 3 ml min−1 showed a residence time of about 40 minutes. Variation in flow rate did not influence the desorption process. Since very low concentrations of PO4-P are released, Shale saturated with PO4-P may be used as a slow nutrient release source of P or as a soil amendment. The sorbent can also be regenerated by removing the sorbed PO4-P by using 0.1 N HCl.

scholarly journals Transcriptome sequencing of Coccinella septempunctata adults (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on artificial diet and Aphis craccivora

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0236249
Author(s):  
Ying Cheng ◽  
Junrui Zhi ◽  
Fengliang Li ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Yuhang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Aphis Craccivora

scholarly journals Natural Gas Refinery Wastewater Treatment by Zeolites

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Rezvantalab ◽  
Fatemeh Bahadori
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Rhyolitic Tuff ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ro Concentrate ◽  
Gas Refinery

The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio) and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) reduction in reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate, using two types of natural zeolites. In order to reduce salinity of wastewater, experiments are carried out by varying the type of zeolite, concentration of zeolite, and residence time. The results show that both zeolites can lower the SAR and TDS of wastewater; however, Rhyolitic tuff is more effective than clinoptilolite. It is observed that the concentration of zeolite has not significant effects on wastewater treatment so, using the lowest level of selected concentration reduces the cost of desalination. In addition, the effect of residence time is negligible. The experimental set up shows that the SAR reduction slop is higher than TDS.

Do turning biases by the 7-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata, increase their foraging efficiency?

Behaviour ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hassall ◽  
John Turner ◽  
Robbie Girling
Keyword(s):  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Mean Time

AbstractThe hypothesis that foraging male and female Coccinella septempunctata L. would exhibit a turning bias when walking along a branched linear wire in a Y-maze was tested. Individuals were placed repeatedly in the maze. Approximately 45% of all individuals tested displayed significant turning biases, with a similar number of individuals biased to the left and right. In the maze right-handed individuals turned right at 84.4% of turns and the left-handed individuals turned left at 80.2% of turns. A model of the searching efficiency of C. septempunctata in dichotomous branched environments showed that model coccinellids with greater turning biases discovered a higher proportion of the plant for a given number of searches than those with no bias. A modification of the model to investigate foraging efficiency, by calculating the mean time taken by individuals to find randomly distributed aphid patches, suggested that on four different sizes of plants, with a variety of aphid patch densities, implementing a turning bias was a significantly more efficient foraging strategy than no bias. In general the benefits to foraging of implementing a turning bias increased with the degree of the bias. It may be beneficial for individuals in highly complex branched environments to have a turning bias slightly lower than 100% in order to benefit from increased foraging efficiency without walking in circles. Foraging bias benefits increased with increasing plant size and decreasing aphid density. In comparisons of two different plant morphologies, one with a straight stem and side branches and one with a symmetrically branched morphology, there were few significant differences in the effects of turning biases on foraging efficiency between morphologies.

Mating Strategies in Solitary Aphid Parasitoids: Effect of Patch Residence Time and Ant Attendance

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin N. Nyabuga ◽  
Wolfgang Völkl ◽  
Ulrich Schwörer ◽  
Wolfgang W. Weisser ◽  
Manfred Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Aphid Parasitoids ◽  
Ant Attendance ◽  
Patch Residence Time
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