Dissemination of Viruses Against the Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 966-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs ◽  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Made In

The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), is susceptible to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and to a granulosis virus which may occur as single infections (Bergold 1950, 1951) or as double infections (Bird, 1959). Laboratory studies have shown that relatively heavy concentrations of either virus musr be injected or fed to hudworm larvae to cause infection and death. In one quantitative study Bergold (1951) estimated that the intralymphal LD50 of the polyhedrosis virus for the budworm is about 5000 times that for the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., when each is administered to its natural host. Field tests of the viruses were made in 1959 and 1960 to determine whether infection and mortality would result from spraying suspensions in infested forests.

YIELD OF OCCLUSION BODIES FROM SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), LARVAE INFECTED WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Economical Alternative

The eastern spruce budwonn, Choristoneuva fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is subject to a variety of naturally occurring infectious diseases including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), granulosis virus (GV), cytoplasmic virus (CPV), and entomopox virus (EPV), of which the most intensively studied is NPV (CfMNPV) (Cunningham 1985). If CfMNPV is ever to be deemed an effective and economical alternative to chemical pesticides for spruce budworm control, additional research is required.

Infection of the Jack Pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, with a Nuclear Polyhidrosis Virus of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 906-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus has been isolated from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Bergold, 1949; Bird, 1949; Bergold, 1951; Bird and Whalen, 1954; Bird, 1959), but no similar virus has been recovered from the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman. Since these two species are very closely related (Smith, 1953) it was of interest to determine if C. pinus is susceptible to the C. fumiferana virus.

RESPONSE OF THIRD-, FOURTH-, FIFTH-, AND SIXTH-INSTAR SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.), LARVAE TO NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Kaupp ◽  
P.M. Ebling
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Feeding Techniques

Four different types of insect viruses have been isolated from the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), but most research efforts have been concentrated on developing the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) as a viable control agent (Cunningham 1985). There are no published reports of LD50 values for this important forest pest. Recently, a LC50 of 483 viral polyhedra per square millimetre of diet surface for fifth-instar budworm larvae was determined using surface contamination feeding techniques (Cunningham et al. 1983). Because the dosages used in efficacy trials are derived from laboratory LD50 values, experiments were conducted to determine the virulence of this NPV to eastern spruce budworm. Bioassays were conducted with all feeding instars. Reported here are values for the LD50 dosages for third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-instar spruce budworm larvae.

AERIAL APPLICATION OF TWO BACULOVIRUSES AGAINST THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Otvos ◽  
J.C. Cunningham ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

AbstractTwo viruses, one a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the other a granulosis virus, were applied in an attempt to initiate epizootics in populations of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, on Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, in southeastern British Columbia. Two 172-ha plots were aerially treated in 1982 with 9.0 kg of lyophilized, virus-infected larval powder that was formulated in an emulsifiable oil tank mix and applied at 9.4 L per hectare. Each plot was treated when larval populations were at the peak of the fourth instar. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was applied at 5.4 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies per hectare and the granulosis virus at 1.7 × 1014 capsules per hectare. Results showed that the granulosis virus treatment caused 34.6% population reduction (Abbott’s formula) and the nuclear polyhedrosis virus 51.8%. Larvae from treated and check plots were reared individually in the laboratory and the incidence of viruses, parasitoids, and successful adult emergence was recorded. Studies m these plots continued in 1983 and 1984. Although vertical transmission of both viruses was evident, their impact on budworm mortality was less than in 1982. Consequently, the epizootics were not sufficiently intense to control the target insect population.

Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda and Choristoneura fumiferana cell lines with the baculovirus Choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 932-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jian Liu ◽  
Eric B. Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Extracellular Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Alfalfa Looper

The growth properties of cell lines derived from Spodoptera frugiperda (alfalfa looper) and Choristoneura fumiferana (spruce budworm) were investigated. The data demonstrated that the spruce bud worm cell line grew more slowly than the alfalfa looper cell line, and this reduced growth rate appeared to affect the rate of baculovirus replication in infected cells. Trypsinizing the spruce budworm cells or varying the multiplicity of infection did not greatly influence the rate of viral replication. Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was able to replicate its DNA and synthesize late and very late proteins in both cell lines but did not produce infectious extracellular virus in the spruce budworm cell line. The replication cycle of C. fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus did not produce late proteins or infectious extracellular virus in the alfalfa looper cells. The results indicate that S. frugiperda cells are nonpermissive for the C. fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus but C. fumiferana cells are semipermissive for the A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, resulting in an abortive infection.Key words: baculovirus, host specificity, AcMNPV, CfMNPV, spruce budworm.

Prevalence of baculoviruses in spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in New Brunswick

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Lucarotti ◽  
Eldon S. Eveleigh ◽  
Tomo Royama ◽  
Benoit Morin ◽  
Peter McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

AbstractOutbreak and declining populations of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) were sampled extensively at three locations in New Brunswick, Canada, between 1982 and 1992 and were examined for the prevalence of granulosis and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (Baculoviridae). Larvae, pupae, and adults were collected using a variety of methods. Spruce budworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfMNPV) genomic DNA probes and wet-mount light microscopy were used to determine CfMNPV prevalence in 50 274 juvenile spruce budworms. Spruce budworm granulosis virus (ChfuGV) genomic DNA probes were used to determine the prevalence of ChfuGV in 25 703 of these same samples. The prevalence of both viruses was low, with ChfuGV and CfMNPV not found in more than 15% and 2%, respectively, of samples in any collection in a given year. Prevalence of ChfuGV was greatest in mid- to late June in sixth-instar larvae. Each virus was detected in only two of 2177 female moths and in none of the 420 male moths examined. In the entire collection, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (Reoviridae) was detected in only two budworm larvae and entomopoxvirus (Poxviridae) was not detected in any.

Purification and properties of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus from Choristoneura fumiferana

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1224-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil M. Arif ◽  
Keith W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Potassium Tartrate ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Nonionic Detergent ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Equilibrium Centrifugation

The polyhedral inclusion bodies of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana were purified by fluorocarbon treatment, sucrose columns, sucrose density gradients, and equilibrium centrifugation. The preparation yields a single and homogeneous band in potassium tartrate gradients at a density of 1.193 g/ml. The virions were released from the polyhedra by alkali treatment and purified by either rate zonal or equilibrium centrifugation in sucrose gradients. The purified virions, which band at a density of 1.265–1.300 g/ml in sucrose, were infectious to the spruce budworm larvae and their mean LD50 was 1.09 ± 0.1 μg of virus. However, viral nucleocapsids, released by a nonionic detergent, Nonidet P-40, had a density of 1.315 g/ml and were noninfectious by either per os inoculation or intrahemocoelic injection.

PATHOGENICITY OF THE IRELAND STRAIN OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS TO SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA, LARVAE

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
J.W. Barrett ◽  
B.M. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfMNPV) has been studied extensively for its potential use as a bio-insecticide (Cunningham 1995). Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology have been impetuous in the genetic engineering of this virus to increase its virulence and (or) speed of action. This aspect of research has been concentrated on the modification of a plaque purified (Ireland strain) isolate obtained from the wild-type virus population (Arif et al. 1984). To assess any improvement in the effectiveness against the target pest, the virulence of the unaltered virus must first be determined. Bioassay results that have been previously reported by Kaupp and Ebling (1990) were conducted on the wild-type virus found in nature which consists of a mixture of viruses (Arif et al. 1994). Results of bioassays conducted to determine dose–response and time–response of fifth-instar spruce budworm larvae to the Ireland strain of CfMNPV are reported here.

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