scholarly journals Potential of bigleaf lupine for building and sustaining Osmia lignaria populations for pollination of apple

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory S. Sheffield ◽  
Sue M. Westby ◽  
Robert F. Smith ◽  
Peter G. Kevan
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Lupinus Polyphyllus ◽  
Osmia Lignaria ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Nesting Activity

AbstractBees of the genus Osmia Panzer (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) are among the contenders to replace honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Apidae), for pollinating tree-fruit crops. One species, Osmia lignaria Say, has shown great potential in western North America and was recently introduced into Nova Scotia for evaluation as a pollinator of apple, Malus Mill. (Rosaceae). A major component of that study was to develop management options for O. lignaria, including methods of sustaining nesting females following crop flowering to maximize population recovery for pollination in subsequent seasons. The objective of this study was to evaluate bigleaf lupine, Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. (Fabaceae), as a secondary food plant for nesting female O. lignaria by investigating nesting activity, pollen-use patterns, and fecundity. During 2002–2003, female O. lignaria collected high proportions of apple pollen (>70%) during mid and late flowering; after then, most pollen (>90%) was collected from bigleaf lupine. The flowering period of lupine in Nova Scotia (late May to early July) slightly overlapped that of apple, so there was no scarcity of pollen resources during the life-span of O. lignaria. Most nests typically showed high levels (≤200%) of population growth, but recorded levels varied among nest types and locations. In 2004, nests closer to lupine plots exhibited significantly greater population recovery than nests located farther away (i.e., approximately 600 m). Bigleaf lupine is a suitable plant species for meeting the pollen requirements of nesting populations of O. lignaria following apple flowering, thus promoting the recovery of populations to meet apple pollination requirements in subsequent seasons.

WILD BEE POLLINATOR DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN ORCHARD AND UNCULTIVATED HABITATS IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 735-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia D. Scott-Dupree ◽  
Mark L. Winston
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Osmia Lignaria ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Floral Visitation ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Okanagan Valley

AbstractWild bee pollinators were collected in tree-fruit orchards and uncultivated habitats in the Okanagan Valley. Higher abundance and diversity of wild bee pollinators were found at uncultivated sites than on tree-fruit crops. Wild bees were not abundant enough in orchard habitats to provide adequate tree-fruit pollination. Variable flower visitation patterns by polylectic bees in orchard and uncultivated habitats make it difficult to predict floral visitation patterns. Therefore, orchardists cannot rely on a substantial and predictable contribution to pollination of fruit crops by wild bee species. Research into the use of wild bees as managed pollinators for tree-fruit crops in the Okanagan Valley may have potential. Future studies should consider three wild bee species collected in Okanagan Valley orchards, Bombus terricola occidentalis Greene, Bombus bifarius nearcticus Handlirsch, and Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson, for pollination management.

Effect of Synthetic Queen Mandibular Pheromone Sprays on Pollination of Fruit Crops by Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Currie ◽  
M. L. Winston ◽  
K. N. Slessor ◽  
D. F. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Queen Mandibular Pheromone

scholarly journals Effects of the Fall Foliar Urea Application on N Reserves and Fruiting Performance of Gala/M26 Apple Trees in Pot-in-Pot System

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 796A-796
Author(s):  
Pinghai Ding* ◽  
Minggang Cui ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Foliar Urea

Reserve nitrogen is an important factor for plant growth and fruiting performance in tree fruit crops. The fall foliar urea application appears to be an efficient method for increasing N reserves. The effect of fall foliar urea application on N reserves and fruiting performance were studied with four year old `Gala'/M26 trees grown in 20 gallon containers in a pot-in-pot system from 2001 to 2003 at the Lewis-Brown Horticulture Farm of Oregon State Univ.. The trees were either sprayed with 0 or 2 times 3% urea after harvest in October. Shoot and spur samples were taken at the dormant season for reserve N analysis. Fruit performance was recorded in the following growing season. The fall foliar application significantly increased spur N reserve and had the trend to increase shoot N reserve but not significantly. The fall foliar application significantly increased tree fruit set and cluster fruit set. With normal fruit thinning, fall foliar urea application has the trend to increase both tree yield and average fruit size; without fruit thinning, fall foliar urea application has the trend to increase tree yield. These results indicate that fall foliar urea application an effective method to increase reserve N for maintaining tree yield.

Conserving Australia’s threatened native mammals in predator-invaded, fire-prone landscapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn A. Hradsky
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
In Fire

Abstract Inappropriate fire regimes and predation by introduced species each pose a major threat to Australia’s native mammals. They also potentially interact, an issue that is likely to be contributing to the ongoing collapse of native mammal communities across Australia. In the present review, I first describe the mechanisms through which fire could create predation pinch points, exacerbating the impacts of predators, including red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, and feral cats, Felis catus, on their native mammalian prey. These mechanisms include a localised increase in predator activity (a numerically mediated pathway) and higher predator hunting success after fire (a functionally moderated pathway), which could both increase native mammal mortality and limit population recovery in fire-affected landscapes. Evidence for such interactions is growing, although largely based on unreplicated experiments. Improving native mammal resilience to fire in predator-invaded landscapes requires addressing two key questions: how can the impacts of introduced predators on native mammals in fire-affected areas be reduced; and, does a reduction in predation by introduced species result in higher native mammal survival and population recovery after fire? I then examine potential management options for reducing predator impacts post-fire. The most feasible are landscape-scale predator control and the manipulation of fire regimes to create patchy fire scars. However, robust field experiments with adequate statistical power are required to assess the effectiveness of these approaches and preclude null (e.g. compensatory mortality) or adverse (e.g. mesopredator or competitor release) outcomes. Ongoing predator management and prescribed burning programs provide an opportunity to learn through replicated natural experiments as well as experimental manipulations. Standardised reporting protocols and cross-jurisdiction monitoring programs would help achieve necessary spatial and environmental replication, while multi-trophic, spatially explicit simulation models could help synthesise findings from disparate study designs, predict management outcomes and generate new hypotheses. Such approaches will be key to improving management of the complex mechanisms that drive threatened native mammal populations in Australia’s predator-invaded, fire-prone landscapes.

Evaluation of broadcast and spot herbicide applications for narrowleaf goldenrod [Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.] management in lowbush blueberry

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad H. Farooq ◽  
Qamar U. Zaman ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Scott N. White
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Optimal Interval ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Single Versus ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

AbstractGoldenrods are common perennial weeds in lowbush blueberry fields in Nova Scotia. Management options are limited to mowing and suppression with POST mesotrione applications. The objectives of this research were to (1) compare efficacy of single versus sequential nonbearing-year POST mesotrione applications on goldenrod (2) identify the optimal interval between sequential POST mesotrione applications (3) evaluate nonbearing-year POST bicyclopyrone applications on goldenrod, and (4) evaluate nonbearing-year summer and fall herbicide spot treatments on goldenrod. POST mesotrione applications at 144 g ai ha−1 caused 39% to 77% injury but did not reduce goldenrod shoot density. In contrast, mesotrione applications at 144 g ai ha−1 followed by sequential mesotrione application at 14, 21, or 28 days after initial treatment caused greater than 90% injury to goldenrod and reduced both nonbearing- and bearing-year shoot density. POST bicyclopyrone applications at 50 g ai ha−1 caused 69% to 80% injury to goldenrod but did not reduce shoot density. A bicyclopyrone plus mesotrione tank mixture did not improve goldenrod control relative to mesotrione or bicyclopyrone alone. Summer spot applications of glyphosate (7.24 g ae L water−1), glufosinate (0.75 g ai L water−1), and mesotrione (0.72 g ai L water−1) consistently injured goldenrod and reduced both nonbearing- and bearing-year shoot density. Summer spot applications of bicyclopyrone (0.25 g ai L water−1), flazasulfuron (0.31 g ai L water−1), dicamba (1 g ae L water−1), dicamba plus diflufenzopyr (0.7 g ae L water−1 plus 0.3 g ai L water−1), triclopyr (1.68 g ai L water−1), clopyralid (0.08 g ai L water−1), tribenuron methyl (0.2 g ai L water−1), and foramsulfuron (0.2 g ai L water−1) injured goldenrod but did not consistently reduce shoot density. When these herbicides were evaluated as fall spot applications, only glyphosate reduced goldenrod shoot density in the year after application.

Machinery-Canopy Interactions in Tree Fruit Crops

2021 ◽  
pp. 415-442
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Manoj Karkee ◽  
Matthew D. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Tree Fruit
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