Phylogenetic relationships, larval morphology, and chaetotaxy of the subfamily Coptotominae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano C. Michat ◽  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Segment Viii ◽  
Tracheal Gills

AbstractLarval morphology of the monogeneric subfamily Coptotominae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) is described and illustrated in detail, with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. Larvae ofCoptotomusSay are unique within Dytiscidae in the presence of tracheal gills on the abdominal segments I–VI, a short bifid horn or nasale in instar I, long spinulae on the urogomphus in instar I, and rows of natatory setae on both the internal and external margins of the urogomphus in instars II and III. A cladistic analysis based on 125 larval characters sampled among representatives of other dytiscid subfamilies supports a sister-group relationship between Coptotominae and Laccophilinae based on the shared absence of setae LA10 and LA12 on the second labial palpomere and of pore ABc on the abdominal segment VIII. The clade Coptotominae + Laccophilinae resolved as sister to Lancetinae, all three subfamilies sharing the presence of an unusually low number of lamellae clypeales in the first instar (a condition called four-peg-pattern), postulated to have evolved secondarily within Dytiscidae.

DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVAE OF ELEVEN NEARCTIC SPECIES OF HYGROTUS STEPHENS (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: HYDROPORINAE) WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR PHYLETIC RELATIONSHIPS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Alarie ◽  
P.P. Harper ◽  
R.E. Roughley
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractA systematic analysis of larvae of 11 Nearctic species of Hygrotus Stephens was undertaken. The larvae are described and characterized; a key for their discrimination and illustrations of structural features of representatives of first- and third-instar larvae are provided. Many structural features, especially detailed variations in the chaetotaxy of cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi, were found to be useful for systematic and phylogenetic comparisons. Based on 21 larval characters, a cladistic analysis of the species studied was developed. A sister-group relationship between H. laccophilinus (LeConte) and the remaining available species is suggested. The less derived species, i.e. those without natatory setae on the legs, appear phylogenetically more closely related to the larvae of Hydroporus s.str. Hygrotus masculinus (Crotch) is the most derived species of the genus and, for many characters, seems more closely related to Hyphydrini. According to larval morphology, it is hypothesized that the genus Hygrotus diverged posteriorly to the genus Hydroporus Clairville.

Phylogenetic relationships of Leuronectes Sharp (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae) based on larval morphology and chaetotaxy

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Archangelsky ◽  
Mariano Michat
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Lateral Margin ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Segment Viii ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diving Beetle

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships of the diving beetle (Dytiscidae) genus Leuronectes Sharp are revised based on a cladistic analysis of seven Agabinae genera and 54 morphological and chaetotaxic characters from larvae. For this purpose, larvae of L. curtulus Régimbart are described and illustrated in detail for the first time, with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. The results show that Leuronectes is well placed within Agabinae based on the absence of natatory setae on tibia and tarsus in instars II and III, the urogomphus composed of two urogomphomeres, and the absence of secondary setae on urogomphus. Leuronectes is resolved as part of a basal polytomy along with Platynectes Régimbart and a clade formed by the remaining agabine genera. Leuronectes shares with Platynectes the setae UR2, UR3 and UR4 not inserted contiguously, with Platambus Thomson the anterolateral lobes of frontoclypeus not projected beyond anterior margin, with Hydrotrupes Sharp the seta AB9 inserted dorsolaterally, and with Ilybius Erichson the seta LA10 inserted submedially. Leuronectes is unique within Agabinae in having the apical lateroventral process of the third antennomere not protruding and additional ventroapical pores on third antennomere, and is unique within the dytiscid genera studied in having the seta LA12 inserted submedially and one additional spine-like seta inserted on the lateral margin of abdominal segment VIII.

The phylogenetic position of Hydrovatus Motschulsky: evidence from larval morphology of H. caraibus Sharp (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Michat
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Basal Half ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe phylogenetic position of Hydrovatus Motschulsky was investigated based on a cladistic analysis of 18 hydroporine taxa and 69 characters from larval morphology. For this purpose, the three larval instars of H. caraibus Sharp were described and illustrated for the first time, emphasizing the morphometry and chaetotaxy. The resulting cladogram supported a sister-group relationship of the tribes Hydrovatini and Hyphydrini, based on three unambiguous synapomorphies: the absence of pore ANh, the proximal insertion of seta LA8, and the abdominal segment VI sclerotized ventrally. The strong development of seta AB5 and the absence of pore PAj are other two potential synapomorphies for this clade. The tribe Vatellini was resolved as more closely related to members of Hydroporini than to Hyphydrini. However, the support obtained for this relationship was weak, since no unambiguous synapomorphies were discovered. Larvae of H. caraibus are characteristic within Hydroporinae in the absence of an occipital suture, the presence of a galea (secondarily derived according to this study), and the absence of setae LA3 and UR8 and pores PAm and PAo. First instar larva is also unique in that the egg bursters are basally placed on the frontoclypeus and the claws bear ventral spinulae on basal half.

Cuticular morphology of larval mountain midges (Diptera: Deuterophlebiidae): implications for the phylogenetic relationships of Nematocera

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Cuticular Structure

The cuticular structure of larval mountain midges (Diptera: Deuterophlebiidae) is described, with emphasis on cranial and mouthpart morphology. Homologies are suggested for musculature and external features of the head capsule. External morphology of the thorax and abdomen is described, and a system for deuterophlebiid larval chaetotaxy is presented. Also included is a discussion of the feeding behaviour of deuterophlebiid and blepharicerid larvae, and how differing morphological characteristics influence mechanisms of food acquisition. Larval morphology of the Deuterophlebiidae and other Nematocera provides support for (i) a sister-group relationship between the Deuterophlebiidae and Blephariceridae; (ii) a monophyletic Blephariceromorpha (sensu Wood and Borkent) composed of the Nymphomyiidae + (Deuterophlebiidae + Blephariceridae); and (iii) a sister-group relationship between the Blephariceromorpha and Psychodomorpha (sensu Wood and Borkent).

Larval morphology of four genera of Laccophilinae (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae) with an analysis of their phylogenetic relationships

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris H.S. Watts ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson ◽  
Michael Balke ◽  
Lars Hendrich ◽  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Larval Instars

AbstractDescriptions of the larval instars of four genera (12 species) of the dytiscid subfamily Laccophilinae, Laccophilus Leach, Neptosternus Sharp, Australphilus Watts and Africophilus Guignot, are presented including a detailed chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A parsimony analysis, based on the 13 informative larval characteristics was conducted with Hennig86. The genus Africophilus is postulated to represent the sister-group of a clade comprised of Laccophilus + (Neptosternus + Australphilus) which is supported by, (i) primary seta CO7 articulated proximally on all legs, (ii) presence of natatory setae, (iii) metatibia + metatarsus very elongated, and (iv) elongated urogomphi.

Laxotela - a new genus of Therevidae (Diptera) from Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Irwin ◽  
Shaun L. Winterton
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractLaxotela gen. n. is described and figured from Australia, with five new species: L. gaimarii sp. n., L. hauseri sp. n., L. holstoni sp. n., L. metzi sp. n. and L. whitei sp. n. We conducted a cladistic analysis of all species of Laxotela gen. n. and Belonalys occulta (White). The phylogenetic relationships of Laxotela gen. n. and the sister group relationship of Laxotela gen. n. to Belonalys are discussed.

Description of the larvae of three species of Laccophilus Leach and comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the Laccophilinae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1922 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANO C. MICHAT
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dense Group ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diving Beetle

The larvae of three Neotropical species of the diving beetle genus Laccophilus Leach (Laccophilus obliquatus Régimbart, L. paraguensis Régimbart and L. testudo Régimbart) are described and illustrated for the first time, with an emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. Larvae of these species lack the primary setae LA10 and LA12, and have the primary seta CO7 articulated proximally on all coxae, two apomorphies that define the subfamily Laccophilinae. They are also characterized by a frontoclypeus truncate proximally in the first instar, the presence of pectens on legs, and the presence of secondary setae on first urogomphomere. These character states are apomorphies that define the genus Laccophilus Leach. The absence of pore PAc and the presence of a dense group of secondary spiniform setae dorsally at the base of the siphon in instar III may also characterize this genus, as similar states are not found in other dytiscids. On the other hand, L. obliquatus, L. paraguensis and L. testudo differ from the other species of Laccophilus known in detail in the presence of an additional seta on the stipes and in the absence of pore ABc. Brief comments on the putative phylogenetic relationships of Laccophilinae and Laccophilus inferred from larval morphology, as well as on the characters potentially useful in studying relationships within the group are presented.

Phylogenetic relationships of the Australian Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sister Group Relationship

Phylogenetic relationships among the Australian Leptophlebiidae genera and selected genera from South America and New Zealand were investigated using a cladistic analysis of 43 morphological characters. The outcomes of this analysis were largely consistent with the higher-level relationships previously proposed by Pescador and Peters (1980). The monophyly of the Meridialaris lineage (comprising Austrophlebioides, Tillyardophlebia, Kirrara, ‘WT sp. 1’ and ‘WT sp. 2’ from Australia, Meridialaris from South America and Deleatidium and Atalophlebioides from New Zealand) was strongly supported, as was the monophyly of the Nousia lineage (Nyungara, Nousia and Koorrnonga). However, Australian genera assigned to the Hapsiphlebia lineage (Atalophlebia, Kalbaybaria, Ulmerophlebia, Jappa and Atalomicria) did not form a monophlyletic group. There was support for a sister-group relationship between the Dactylophlebia and Meridialaris lineages, and for the placement of Garinjuga (Penaphlebia lineage) as the sister-group to a large clade comprising genera of the Nousia, Dactylophlebia and Meridialaris lineages. The phylogenetic analysis provided some clarification of the affinities of Neboissophlebia, Bibulmena, Loamaggalangta and Kaninga. These genera appear to belong to lineages not recognised previously among the Gondwanan Leptophlebiidae.

Larval morphology of the diving beetle Celina and the phylogeny of ancestral hydroporines (Coleoptera:Dytiscidae:Hydroporinae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano C. Michat ◽  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Patricia L. M. Torres ◽  
Yoandri S. Megna
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Diving Beetles ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Phylogenetic relationships within diving beetles (Dytiscidae) are imperfectly known. In particular, some authors have considered that the tribe Methlini is included in the subfamily Hydroporinae (a large group including about half of the dytiscid species worldwide), whereas others have argued in favour of excluding Methlini from the Hydroporinae and giving it subfamilial rank. Larval characters have been underutilised in phylogenetic studies, mainly because the larvae of many taxa within the family are still unknown. The larval morphology of the dytiscid tribe Methlini, in particular, remains poorly known. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships among ancestral lineages of the Hydroporinae are investigated based on a cladistic analysis of 34 taxa and 127 morphological larval characters. For this purpose, larvae of the Methlini (Celina parallela (Babington, 1841)) and C. imitatrix Young, 1979) are described and illustrated in detail for the first time, with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. The results show high support for a monophyletic origin of the Hydroporinae, including Methlini, based on eight unique character states. Giving Methlini subfamily rank would leave Hydroporinae with a single unique larval apomorphy. This supports the inclusion of Methlini as a tribe of Hydroporinae. Other interesting but less well supported results include: 1, the clade Laccornini + Hydrovatini + Canthyporus Zimmermann, 1919 (Hydroporini) resolved as the sister-group to the other Hydroporinae minus Methlini; and 2, Hydrovatini and Canthyporus resolved as sister-groups. The presence of a galea, albeit in a reduced form, in larvae of Methlini, Laccornini and Hydrovatini is of the utmost interest. The putative hypothesis of an ancestral position for these genera within Hydroporinae suggests that hydroporines lost the galea secondarily.

Larval morphology of genus Lancetes (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae): the hypothesis of sister-group relationship with the subfamily Dytiscinae revisited

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Miguel Archangelsky ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson ◽  
Chris H.S. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Parsimonious Tree

AbstractDescriptions of the larvae of Lancetes angusticollis (Curtis), L. lanceolatus (Clark), L. subseriatus Zimmermann, L. flavoscutatus Enderlein, L. delkeskampi Ríha, and L. nigriceps (Erichson) are provided. Characters from larval morphology are analyzed to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Lancetes Sharp with other genera of Dytiscidae. A parsimony analysis based on 51 informative larval characteristics was conducted with the program NONA. The most parsimonious tree supports a sister-group relationship between the genus Lancetes and members of the subfamily Dytiscinae. The only unambiguous synapomorphy in support of this hypothesis is the secondary subdivision of some cephalic appendages. Other putative synapomorphies are the proximal articulation of the primary seta CO7 both on meso- and meta-coxa and the presence of additional primary setae on the ventral margin of the tibiae. Based on several character states including the presence of multifragmented urogomphi, the genus Lancetes is monophyletic.

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