Advancing Cold Water Intake Riser Design through Model Test

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peimin Cao ◽  
Sherry Xiang ◽  
Jingxi He ◽  
Steve Kibbee ◽  
Sean Bian
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Riser Design

Cardiac-Autonomic and Hemodynamic Responses to a Hypertonic, Sugar-Sweetened Sports Beverage in Physically Active Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Christiani ◽  
Gregory J Grosicki ◽  
Andrew A Flatt
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
Sports Beverage

Hydration practices may confound heart rate variability (HRV) measurements when collected in the pre-training period. We aimed to determine the effects of ingesting a hypertonic, sugar-sweetened sports beverage on HRV and hemodynamic parameters in physically active young men. Fifteen subjects consumed 591 ml of Gatorade (6% carbohydrate, ~330 mOsmol/kg), 591 ml water, or 10 ml water (control) in random order on separate days following overnight fasting. HRV and hemodynamics were evaluated in 5-min windows immediately before (T1) and 5-10 min (T2), 25-30 min (T3), 40-45 min (T4), and 55-60 min (T5) post-drinking. Root-mean square of successive differences and the standard deviation of normal RR intervals increased post-water intake at all time-points relative to T1 (P <0.05). No increases were observed post-Gatorade intake, though small effect sizes (ES) were noted at T2 and T3 (P >0.05, ES = 0.27 - 0.32). Systemic vascular resistance increased at T2 post-Gatorade intake and at T2 and T3 post-water intake (P <0.05). No interactions were observed for blood pressure measures, stroke volume, or cardiac output. Gatorade does not evoke cardiovascular adjustments to the same magnitude as water. Practitioners should wait at least 45 min to record HRV post-Gatorade intake and >60 min post-water intake. Key Findings: ● Equal volumes of cold water and Gatorade produce inequivalent cardiac-autonomic and hemodynamic responses. ● HRV responses of greater amplitude and duration were observed following intake of water versus Gatorade. ● Failure to account for recent fluid intake may result in misinterpretation of autonomic status.

Water Intake Riser Model Test and Numerical Calibration

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Xiang ◽  
Peimin Cao ◽  
Jingxi He ◽  
Steve Kibbee ◽  
Sean Bian
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Axial Stability ◽  
Internal Water

A model test campaign of a large diameter water intake riser (WIR) has been planned, designed, and successfully executed in an offshore model basin. The objective of the model test is to better understand the global dynamic behavior of WIR, and thus advance its design. The scopes of the model test are to measure the response of the riser under floater motions; investigate the effect of the internal water and flow rate; and observe any vortex-induced-vibration (VIV) and axial instability due to motion and / or internal flow. The paper presents the model test results and the numerical calibrations and validations. The WIR pipe was carefully scaled and designed to meet the test objectives. The WIR in model test scale is 150 mm in inside diameter and approximately 36 m in length. The model test setup includes a fully instrumented riser, a planar motion mechanism (PMM) which simulates the vessel motion and an internal water flow system (IWFS). The riser was instrumented with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensors along the pipe length and circumference. The WIR was hung-off from the PMM inside the deep basin pit. More than 200 cases were carried out in the basin including the sinusoidal motion tests and random motion tests with different flow rates. The model tests collected a wealth of data of the WIR dynamic responses under the vessel motions and the internal water flow conditions. As expected, WIR global bending responses are highly dependent on the pipe excitation modes and their corresponding mode curvatures. These responses can be predicted well by numerical software through a calibration process. The axial response of WIR due to motion and/or internal flow is much more complex. The amount of internal water coupled with the pipe depends on the vessel motions and internal flow fluctuation. This is important for axial stability prediction and seawater lift system design.

Feasibility and Implementation of the Modified Clay Technique in Control of Phaeocytstis Globosa Blooms in the Water-Intake Area of the Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Plant

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-ming Yu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xi-hua Cao ◽  
Bai-zhong Wang ◽  
Xiu-xian Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
Viable Approach

In the current study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of using modified clay as an emergency treatment for controlling Phaeocystis globosa blooms in terms of the removal mechanism, removal rate in both the laboratory and field, and the engineering required. Based on these results, we developed a series of blueprints, including the monitoring and early warning of P. globosa blooms in the water-intake area of the Fangchenggang nuclear power plant (NPP), the manufacture of the modified-clay emergency disposal facilities, and the operation schemes in treating different scale of blooms. From December 2014 to February 2015, modified clay was applied to successfully control P. globosa blooms and to effectively protect the cold-water source of the NPP. Thus, a set of engineering solutions using modified clay was established and confirmed to be a viable approach for treating harmful algae blooms that threaten the cold-water sources of NPPs.

scholarly journals Effects Of Cold Water Intake During A Short Exercise In Heat On Cognitive Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7S) ◽  
pp. 964-964
Author(s):  
Somi Yun ◽  
Yunbin Lee ◽  
Heejin Lee ◽  
Jae Gu Hwang ◽  
Ah-Reum Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Cold Water

A Field Program for Developing a Baseline Characterization of Ichthyoplankton Near a Potential OTEC Facility

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Hogan ◽  
Jessica Withrow ◽  
Chad Linebaugh ◽  
Andrew Harmer ◽  
John Steinbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Sampling Program ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

AbstractOcean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a marine renewable energy technology with the potential to provide baseload power to island communities in tropical regions. Large volumes of warm and cold water are required to drive the electricity-producing cycle. This creates a risk, particularly at the warm water intake, for the impingement and entrainment of organisms. This paper provides an update on the progress of a project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy that seeks to estimate the potential impacts of a warm water intake being considered for a potential OTEC project in Kauai, Hawaii. A 9-month, site-specific biological field sampling program has recently been completed at the OTEC site under consideration in Kauai.The intent of the field sampling program was to generate a baseline characterization of the species and life stages of ichthyoplankton present in the areas where the warm water intake may be located for the potential OTEC facility. This baseline characterization data will aid in the siting, selection, and design of the best intake technology for the warm water intake. It will also provide data useful for estimating the potential impacts of an intake at this location on the organisms present.

scholarly journals Drinking water consumption patterns in Sweden

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Westrell ◽  
Yvonne Andersson ◽  
Thor Axel Stenström
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Waterborne Outbreak ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Consumption Data

Estimates on drinking water consumption are necessary in risk assessments on microbial hazards in drinking water. Large differences in consumption habits between countries have been reported. In order to establish estimates for the Swedish population, water consumption data from a waterborne outbreak investigation (157 people), a small water consumption study (75 people) and a large study on health and environmental factors (10,957 people) were analysed. A lognormal distribution for the daily direct/cold water intake in litres with μ=−0.299 and σ=0.570 was fitted to the quantitative data, representing the general population. The average daily consumption of tap water as plain drinking water and as heated tap water, e.g. in coffee and tea, was 0.86±0.48 l and 0.94±0.69 l, respectively. Women consumed more cold tap water than did men, while men appeared to have a higher consumption of heated tap water. Cold tap water intake was highest in the oldest age group, (≥70 years). The consumption of bottled water was very low (mean 0.06 l/d) when compared to other countries.

Research on Cooling Water Source Safety Measures in Water Intake Engineering of Coastal NPP

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang Ben-jing ◽  
Hou Shu-qiang ◽  
Wang Yan-long ◽  
Li Jing
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Physical Model Test ◽  
Wave Flow ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shell Debris

Abstract In view of the situation that large amounts of marine sewage and organisms enter into the cooling water intake system of a coastal NPP at BeiBu-bay, China, which affects the safe and stable operation of NPP, the optimization research on blockage prevention in the water intake engineering is carried out. Based on the statistical analysis of a large number of NPPs’ cooling water source safety incidents globally, the hydraulic characteristics of shell debris in water-intake open channel are studied first, and the source of shell debris in the drum filter at the water intake pump room is analyzed. Secondly, the water intake layout project scheme is optimized through the wave model test, which can effectively improve the wave cover in the water intake channel. At last, through the wave physical model test, the overall force of the network is studied under the combined action of wind, wave, flow and sewage, and the anchoring foundation which can guarantee the stable operation of the trash-intercepting network is optimized. By carrying out the optimization design of water intake engineering, reducing the waves in channel, reducing the possibility of marine sewage and organisms entering the channel, adding the trash-intercepting network facilities and forming effective cover. It can not only effectively avoid or reduce the impact of marine sewage and organisms on the cooling water source safety of NPPs, but also minimize the loss of marine organisms during the operation of NPPs.

Visceral hypersensitivity following cold water intake in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Li Zuo ◽  
Yan Qing Li ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Guo Ping Lv ◽  
Rong Guang Kuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals Effect of Cold Water Intake During Exercise in Heat on Cognitive Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Yunbin Lee ◽  
Somi Yun ◽  
Jaegu Hwang ◽  
Heejin Lee ◽  
Ah Reum Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drinking Condition

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cooling treatment by cold water intake before and during exercise in a hot environment on cognitive function.METHODS: Twelve healthy adult men (26.3±4.4 years, 176.2±5.8 cm, 77.2±14.6 kg, 24.8±3.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) completed 3 exercise tests; with drinking warm water (36.5°C), with drinking cold water (4°C), or without drinking water. Each test was separated at least 3 days. During each test, they ran on a treadmill for 20 minutes at 75% of their maximal heart rate in 40°C with 40% of humidity. For the drinking conditions, the total volume of drinking was set to 1% of the participant’s weight. Before the test in each drinking condition, they consume 1/3 of the total volume at once. The remaining 2/3 was consumed separately 3 times at six-min interval during exercise. A neuropsychological test using the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) was conducted before and after the exercise to examine the changes of cognitive abilities. Data were analyzed using a two way repeated measures ANOVA.RESULTS: Comparing pre- and post-exercise SCWT, the main effects in words, colors, and words and colors were noticed (p=.000, p=.003, and p=.008, respectively). No differences were found between water drinking conditions.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, a short bout of high-intensity exercise in the hot environment improved cognitive functions, but it was not possible to determine how water temperature and water intake affected cognitive ability. Further research is needed considering the ages and fitness levels of participants.

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