Are You in the Green? The Economic Impact of Carbon-Conscious Choices on Project Development Planning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sung Choe ◽  
J. Lynne Whitworth ◽  
Ashutosh Kak ◽  
Genevieve Bisset
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions target set by UNFCCC Paris Accord in 2016 will emerge as a new value driver to project development planning that has the potential to degrade the viability of future offshore oil and gas projects. Integration of GHG emissions and legislated carbon price as new decision drivers to project decision-making will require an in-depth understanding on the overall economic impact of carbon-conscious choices. In this light, the purpose of this paper is to present the impact of such choices on project development planning and implications for Decision Quality (DQ). The case study presents a comparative assessment of total GHG emissions and comparative project economics for a Greenfield project, considering four development concepts: a Reference Case with a "traditional" offshore facility and three hypothetical cases, each of which are defined, evaluated, and compared against the Reference Case. Development of each case is discussed and created to support decision-making during project development planning. The paper presents an economic comparison to demonstrate the importance of including a carbon assessment early in project development planning to assure a thorough concept evaluation. It also demonstrates how a clear outlook on the annual GHG intensity over project life can be vital, for project sanction and mitigation of high carbon cost penalties in the future regulatory landscape. Early understanding of risks associated with carbon price and regulatory enforcement can potentially change how industries analyze the viability of their projects/assets. The paper demonstrates the importance of assessing carbon-conscious options early in the project development planning stage, and how this helps developers to navigate the risks and opportunities in the drive to a lower-carbon society.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC, ENERGY, AND EMISSIONS IMPACTS OF CLIMATE POLICY IN SOUTH KOREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950010 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIVEN WINCHESTER ◽  
JOHN M. REILLY
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent ◽  
Climate Damages

Using an economy-wide model, we evaluate the impact of policies to meet South Korea’s Paris pledge to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 37% relative those under business as usual (BAU) in 2030. Simulated BAU emissions in 2030 are 840.8 million metric tons (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), indicating that economy-wide emissions should be constrained to 529.7 MtCO2e. Under South Korea’s Emissions Trading System (KETS) and fuel economy standards, a 2030 carbon price of $88/tCO2e is needed to meet this goal. Without considering benefits from avoided climate damages, these policies reduce 2030 GDP by $21.5 billion (1.0%) and consumer welfare by 8.1 billion (0.7%). Declines in sectoral production are largest for fossil-based energy sectors and chemical, rubber and plastic products, and iron and steel sectors.

scholarly journals A framework for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through carbon pricing for offshore outsourcing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amulya Gurtu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Supply Chain Costs ◽  
The Impact

Reducing supply chain costs is a primary concern of every organization. Organizations have implemented offshore outsourcing as an effective strategy towards reducing supply chain costs. However, neither government nor corporate organizations have sufficiently taken into account the effects of this strategy on global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of offshore outsourcing on global GHG emissions, and the effect of changes in fuel prices in addition to a carbon price on additional emissions on supply chain costs. The purpose is supported by five key objectives. The objectives are addressed through a systematic methodology. The analysis is supported by a literature review, and the development and testing of mathematical models. Finally, a framework to reduce global GHG emissions through a carbon price on differential emissions from manufacturing and additional emissions from international transportation is proposed. The findings suggest that offshore outsourcing has increased global emissions. The fuel prices are increasing at a rate higher than the overall rate. A carbon price on excess emissions due to outsourcing coupled with increasing fuel prices impacts supply chain costs adversely and leads to bigger lot-sizes. As an illustration at the national level, the framework showed that emissions for the USA increased by about 20% for every year between 2007 and 2010. As another example from a corporate organization, the net profit (profit after tax) for Wal-Mart was reduced by about 19% for 2006 due to a carbon price on manufacturing emissions alone. The suggested framework is a major contribution for quantifying the extent of changes in the emissions due to offshore outsourcing and the value of these emissions at a prevailing rate of carbon tax in North America. It is intended to provide a basis for reducing emissions and costs from global supply chains. The proposed framework provides a level playing field to manufacturers in different countries using different technologies, provides incentives to organizations for manufacturing in locations where net emissions are low, helps national governments determine how they can generate revenue for dealing with emissions, and, most importantly, aids in reducing overall global GHG emissions.

Optimal Economic Speed and the Impact on Marine GHG Emissions – Saving Money and the World at the Same Time

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. St. Amand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Accuracy Improvement ◽  
Optimization Program ◽  
Speed Optimization ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Technical Input ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to provide shipping companies a straightforward tool for assessing the attractiveness of implementing a speed optimization program for their vessels. The curves and analyses provided are not meant to be absolutely accurate but rather to provide a “reasonable” level of accuracy for identifying the potential impact on profitability of a speed optimization program. The author has endeavored to highlight areas where additional technical input or accuracy improvement is appropriate for final decision-making and implementation.

scholarly journals What is Benefit Sharing? Respecting Indigenous Rights and Addressing Inequities in Arctic Resource Projects

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Planning Stage

International standards refer to Indigenous peoples’ right to benefit from resource development, participate in decision-making and determine priorities in development planning that directly affects them. While good practice exists in benefit sharing, Indigenous peoples still lack opportunities for a meaningful role in strategic planning. In his role as UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, James Anaya identified a ‘preferred model’ of resource development in which Indigenous peoples have greater control over planning decisions and project implementation, and consequently a more meaningful share of the benefits of resource development. This paper explores the requirements of international standards and guidance alongside different models of benefit sharing in practice by extractive industries in Arctic and sub-Arctic contexts. It is based primarily on desk-based analysis of international hard and soft law and industry standards, while also drawing on ethnographic field research in Russia and Norway. It highlights good practice within mainstream development scenarios and identifies models of benefit sharing that represent a greater degree of Indigenous participation and control. It concludes that there is a need to consider benefit sharing within an overall paradigm that allows greater space for Indigenous voices in decision making, including at the strategic planning stage.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Long-Term Impacts and Benefits of Grand Teton National Park on the Economy of Teton County, Wyoming

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Shelby Gerking ◽  
John Merrifield
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
National Park ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
The Impact

The research underway has two primary objectives. The first of these is to document the impact of Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) on the demographic characteristics and economy of Teton County. Such documentation will provide a basis to address specific local concerns expressed about some GTNP management policies. The second major objective is to improve the National Park Service's (NPS) ability to predict the economic impact of management policies being considered, thus enabling the NPS to make adjustments in policies where appropriate. The capability to make such predictions will reduce controversy and conflict, and thereby improve the decision-making environment. It will also enable the NPS to update many of the findings of the research, thus maintaining the value of the study well beyond the period immediately following its completion.

scholarly journals A framework for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through carbon pricing for offshore outsourcing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amulya Gurtu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Supply Chain Costs ◽  
The Impact

Reducing supply chain costs is a primary concern of every organization. Organizations have implemented offshore outsourcing as an effective strategy towards reducing supply chain costs. However, neither government nor corporate organizations have sufficiently taken into account the effects of this strategy on global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of offshore outsourcing on global GHG emissions, and the effect of changes in fuel prices in addition to a carbon price on additional emissions on supply chain costs. The purpose is supported by five key objectives. The objectives are addressed through a systematic methodology. The analysis is supported by a literature review, and the development and testing of mathematical models. Finally, a framework to reduce global GHG emissions through a carbon price on differential emissions from manufacturing and additional emissions from international transportation is proposed. The findings suggest that offshore outsourcing has increased global emissions. The fuel prices are increasing at a rate higher than the overall rate. A carbon price on excess emissions due to outsourcing coupled with increasing fuel prices impacts supply chain costs adversely and leads to bigger lot-sizes. As an illustration at the national level, the framework showed that emissions for the USA increased by about 20% for every year between 2007 and 2010. As another example from a corporate organization, the net profit (profit after tax) for Wal-Mart was reduced by about 19% for 2006 due to a carbon price on manufacturing emissions alone. The suggested framework is a major contribution for quantifying the extent of changes in the emissions due to offshore outsourcing and the value of these emissions at a prevailing rate of carbon tax in North America. It is intended to provide a basis for reducing emissions and costs from global supply chains. The proposed framework provides a level playing field to manufacturers in different countries using different technologies, provides incentives to organizations for manufacturing in locations where net emissions are low, helps national governments determine how they can generate revenue for dealing with emissions, and, most importantly, aids in reducing overall global GHG emissions.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN ANGGARAN PENDIDIKAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Siti Sanisah
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

The research aimedat exploring the education budget policies that carried out in the context of regional autonomy concerning to: formulation, content, implementation, evaluation and policy impact.The research was qualitative and using deep interviews,observations and focus group discussions.The source of information were the related staffs of Educational Board, Regional Development Planning Bureau, Local government and legislatives in Lombok Tengah which then run on purposive and snowball sampling technique. It was concluded that formulation stages applied three main approaches namely participatory, technocratic and political. The contents of the budget policymet the demands of budgeting regulation (20%), but still focus on infrastructure development and bureaucratic spending. The implementation process using a top down approach that automatically implementer predominantly from government agencies. The resultswere still below of the standards (criteria) that have been defined previously on planning stage. Finally, the impact provided less social benefit to the community.   Keywords: policy of analysis and educational budgeting

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

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