Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

A Study of Cognitive Results in Marketing and Finance Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-684
Author(s):  
Paola Andrea Ortiz-Rendón ◽  
Luz Alexandra Montoya-Restrepo ◽  
Jose-Luis Munuera-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Academic Organizations ◽  
Marketing Performance ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Mixed Groups

Background. It is undeniable that human capital is a highly valued resource in today’s increasingly competitive and interconnected world. Management education involving decision-making is a fundamental issue in today’s education systems. Particularly, the marketing audit improves the decision-making process based on the assessment of the marketing performance and the analysis of the market results. Although marketing audits are not widely used among organizations yet, marketing control mechanisms have become more important in organizational performance studies and must be integrated into marketing and finance education programs. Method. This quasi-experimental study followed a pretest/posttest design to measure differences in the scores 281 marketing and finance students in Colombia taking part in a game of marketing audit. Results and conclusion. All students significantly improved their higher grades after taking part in the game. Marketing and finance students also improved their responses. For the students in the final semester and for the male and mixed groups, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the game can improve their cognitive results. Decisions between marketing and finance professionals must be reinforced, to allow academic organizations involved in developing markets and characterized by low levels of competitiveness improve their education levels.

scholarly journals Adversity magnifies the importance of social information in decision-making

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Perez-Escudero ◽  
Gonzalo G de Polavieja
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Social Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

In adverse conditions, individuals follow the majority more strongly. This phenomenon is very general across social species, but explanations have been particular to the species and context, including antipredatory responses, deflection of responsibility, or increase in uncertainty. Here we show that the impact of social information in realistic decision-making typically increases with adversity, giving more weight to the choices of the majority. The conditions for this social magnification are very natural, but were absent in previous decision-making models due to extra assumptionsthat simplified mathematical analysis, like very low levels of stochasticity or the assumption that when one option is good the other one must be bad. We show that decision-making in collectives can quantitatively explain the different impact of social influence with different levels of adversity for different species and contexts, including life-threatening situations in fish and simple experiments in humans.

scholarly journals Ergonomics Applied on Drilling Centers in the Brazilian Oil Industry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ferreira ◽  
Claudio Lima ◽  
Gilson Lima ◽  
Luís Zotes ◽  
Danilo Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Collaborative Environments ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Drilling centers are collaborative environments dedicated to facilitate decision-making in the well construction, where multidisciplinary teams work to support operations. The oil operators usually have drilling centers with different types of ergonomic features with considerable potential of integration, creating the opportunity to an Ergonomic Workplace Analysis. This paper aims to present the analysis of infrastructure requirements of one specific company in Brazil. The method was based on a survey with employees, which, coped with a statistical analysis, enabled understanding the impact of the layout requirements. The result is an approach to design collaborative environments, standardizing and defining models for the industry.

Gender Equality and Relevant European Policies Regarding Vocational Education and Labour Market

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Evangelos C. Papakitsos ◽  
Eleni Kiousi ◽  
Georgios Florakos ◽  
Evanthia Patsiada ◽  
Panagiotis S. Makrygiannis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
European Policies ◽  
The Impact

This chapter aims firstly at examining the impact of gender stereotypes on choosing vocational education or profession. Secondly, the relevant policies of European Union and Greece, in particular, are presented and commented upon. For this purpose, relevant data have been collected from four related surveys conducted in the years 2008, 2010, 2014, and 2017, mainly in the high schools of Attica (Greece). The results from these four surveys only partially confirm the original hypothesis, namely that the gender stereotypes influence the decision-making process of choosing a field of vocational study or profession, but also indicate that there are significant correlations between specific occupations per gender identity and stereotypical perceptions. Finally, the harmonious coexistence of the sexes requires the development of self-knowledge and critical thinking. This can be achieved only by raising the awareness of teachers, who are called to improve the critical self-knowledge and social knowledge of individuals through the implementation of policies regarding school and local society.

The Impact of Hedonic and Meaningful Messages on Sport Consumers’ Responses to Athlete Foundations: A Focus on Fan Identification Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-363
Author(s):  
Wonseok (Eric) Jang ◽  
Daehwan Kim ◽  
Joon Sung Lee ◽  
Daniel L. Wann
Keyword(s):  
Construal Level Theory ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Philanthropic Foundations ◽  
Fan Identification ◽  
Supportive Behaviors ◽  
Supportive Behavior ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact

Athletes oftentimes own and direct their own philanthropic foundations to make positive prosocial impacts at every level, from global down to local. A key challenge for these foundations is to communicate effectively with their target audiences to obtain support from them. By drawing from the construal-level theory and athlete identification literature, the current study examines the effects of different types of messages (hedonic vs. meaningful) on sport consumers’ supportive behaviors toward an athlete’s charitable foundation as a function of fans’ level of athlete identification. Results indicated that the use of a meaningful message lead to greater degrees of supportive behavior from sport consumers with low levels of athlete identification than on- and off-field hedonic messages. In contrast, among highly identified sport consumers, both hedonic and meaningful messages elicited greater support for an athlete-owned foundation.

scholarly journals Utilizing a time-to-shelf study to start a conversation on change

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Sally Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Workflow Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the value of benchmarking organizational performance in order to enable conversations about workflow analysis and potential changes. Design/methodology/approach – Data from a time-to-shelf study are compared to literature describing similar studies at other academic libraries which enable the decision-making process for a new workflow. Findings – The results of a time-to-shelf study necessitated a change in workflow. This paper examines how the data enabled staff to agree to changes and supported the decision-making process. Originality/value – This paper examines the impact of evidence-based decision making on the performance and workflow of a technical services department.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review Of The Impact Of Performance Appraisal Systems And Competency Management Framework On The Performance of Employees In The Telecom Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 2515-2531
Author(s):  
Uttam Sahay, Dr. Gagandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Appraisal Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Competency Management

Among themost efficient employee related management practices identified in both the developed and the developing nations is performance appraisal system, which is alsorecognized as a strong motivator for employees. It also enables smooth functioning of managerial decision making, administrative decision making and the employee development. The present study reviews prominent and key studies conducted in recent past systematically in order to assess how organizational performance appraisal systems and competency management frameworks affect employees’ work performance in the telecomsector.

scholarly journals Impact of structure on organisational performance of selected technical and service firms in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1284
Author(s):  
Ann I. Ogbo ◽  
Nwankwere F. Chibueze ◽  
Orga C. Christopher ◽  
Igwe A. Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Task Assignment ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Span Of Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed at establishing the impact of structure on organizational performance. Organizations today are becoming more automated and complex, hence, the need to maintain and improve performance by structuring and restructuring based on changing strategy. The study was conducted using the survey approach. The geographical scope of study was Innoson Nigeria Ltd, and Etisalat, Enugu Regional Office. Two sources of data were utilised in the study: they included primary and secondary sources. The primary source was the administration of copies of designed questionnaire to a total of eighty (80) respondents that made up the sample for the study. Out of the eighty (80) copies administered, seventy eight (78) were completed and returned. Simple percentage (%), chi-square (*a) and correlation were used in analysis of the data and in testing the three hypotheses. Findings revealed that decentralization enhanced better and more informed decision making in technical and service firms in Nigeria; that task routine affected staff productivity both positively and negatively; and that a significant positive relationship existed between narrow span of control and efficiency in organizations. The study concluded and recommended among others that managers of organizations should adopt more decentralized forms of structures as means of improving the decision making process; that managers should combine both task routine and variety in organizing employees for carrying out task in order to reap the advantages of both systems of task assignment; and that employees should be empowered to be more innovative in carrying out tasks, whether routine or not.

scholarly journals Advances in Cone-Based Preference Modeling for Decision Making with Multiple Criteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Wiecek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Solution Set ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Nondominated Solutions ◽  
Preference Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Decision making with multiple criteria requires preferences elicited from the decision maker to determine a solution set. Models of preferences, that follow upon the concept of nondominated solutions introduced by Yu (1974), are presented and compared within a unified framework of cones. Polyhedral and nonpolyhedral, convex and nonconvex, translated, and variable cones are used to model different types of preferences. Common mathematical properties of the preferences are discussed. The impact of using these preferences in decision making is emphasized.

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